“Rory Stewart”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Stewart was a senior coalition official in Iraq in 2003–04.^[4] He is known for his book about this experience, Occupational Hazards or The Prince of the Marshes, and for his 2002 walk across Afghanistan (one part of a larger walk across Asia), which served as the basis for his bestseller, The Places in Between, as well as his later cultural development work in Afghanistan as the founder and executive chairman of the Turquoise Mountain Foundation, a British charity.^[4]

Early life

Stewart was born in Hong Kong, the son of the diplomat Brian Stewart and his wife Sally Elizabeth Acland Nugent. His ancestral family seat is the grade B listed^[5] Broich House near Crieff in Perthshire, Scotland. He was brought up in Malaysia and Scotland and was educated at the Dragon School in Oxford and Eton College.^[6] During his gap year in 1991, he was commissioned ("short service limited commission") in the Black Watch for five months as second lieutenant (on probation).^[7]^[8] He then attended Balliol College, Oxford University, where he read modern history, before switching to philosophy, politics and economics.^[6] While a student at Oxford, Stewart was a private tutor to Prince William and Prince Harry during the summer.^[9] As a teenager, he was a member of the Labour Party.^[10]

Foreign Office

After graduating, Stewart joined the Foreign Office.^[11] He served in the British Embassy in Indonesia from 1997 to 1999, working on issues related to East Timor independence, and was appointed at the age of 26 as the British Representative to Montenegro in the wake of the Kosovo campaign.^[9]

Iraq War

After the coalition invasion of Iraq, he became the Coalition Provisional Authority Deputy Governorate Co-Ordinator in Maysan and Deputy Governorate Co-ordinator/Senior Advisor in Dhi Qar in 2003, both of which are provinces in southern Iraq.^[9] He was posted initially to the KOSB Battlegroup then to the Light Infantry.^[12] His responsibilities included holding elections, resolving tribal disputes, and implementing development projects.^[12] He faced growing unrest and an incipient civil war from his base in a Civil-Military Co-operation (CIMIC) compound in Al Amarah, and in May 2004 was in command of his compound in Nasiriyah when it was besieged by Sadrist militia.^[9] He was awarded an OBE for his services during this period.^[13]

While Stewart initially supported the Iraq War, the International Coalition's inability to achieve a more humane, prosperous state led him in retrospect to believe the invasion had been a mistake.^[14]

Turquoise Mountain

In late 2005, at the request of the Prince of Wales and Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan,^[15] he established, as Executive Chairman, the Turquoise Mountain Foundation, a human development NGO, in Afghanistan, and relocated to Kabul where he lived for the next three years restoring historic buildings in the old city of Kabul, installing water supply, electricity, and establishing a clinic, a school and an institute for traditional crafts.^[6] Stewart was awarded the Royal Scottish Geographical Society's Livingstone medal in 2009 "in recognition of his work in Afghanistan and his travel writing, and for his distinguished contribution to geography".^[16] Stewart stepped down as Executive Chairman of the Turquoise Mountain Foundation in May 2010.^[17]

Harvard University

In late 2004, Stewart became a Fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard University, and in July 2008, he was appointed Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights at Harvard University and Director of the John F. Kennedy School of Government Carr Center for Human Rights Policy.^[6] He taught classes on Intervention and on Human Rights to Masters Students at The Harvard Kennedy School. His lectures formed the basis of his book Can Intervention Work?^[18] He has frequently been called on to provide advice on Afghanistan and Iraq to policy-makers, particularly in the US, UK and Canada.^[6] He combined his policy positions with his charitable work in Afghanistan and served on a number of boards, including the International Development Research Centre of Canada. Stewart left his position at Harvard in March 2010.

He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Stirling^[19] and the American University of Paris.^[20]

Parliament

Member of Parliament for Penrith and The Border

Following David Cameron's decision, in the aftermath of the expenses scandal, to "reopen the Conservative candidates' list to anybody who wants to apply", Stewart tried for selection for the Bracknell constituency in the 2010 General Election,^[21] but the place went to Dr Phillip Lee.^[22] Stewart was then shortlisted for the Penrith and the Border constituency and, at an open caucus, selected as the Conservative Party Candidate on 25 October 2009.^[23] He was returned as the MP for the constituency on 6 May 2010.^[24] At the 2015 general election, Stewart almost doubled his majority in Penrith and the Border from 11,241 to 19,894, the highest majority since the seat was created.^[25] In the 2017 General Election, he received 60.4% of the vote.

Upon joining the House of Commons, Stewart was elected a member of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee, serving until 2014. In this capacity, he made a notable contribution to the committee's report on Afghanistan.^[26] Stewart also served as the chairman of the APPG for Mountain Rescue^[27]^[28] and the APPG for Local Democracy^[29]^[30] and was an officer of the APPG for Rural Services.^[31] He was elected Chairman of the Defence Select Committee in May 2014. He left these positions upon his appointment as Minister for the Environment.

Within his constituency, Stewart's policy focus has been on broadband, mobile coverage, rural services and agriculture. He has led successful campaigns to save Lazonby Fire Station, Penrith Cinema and Alston Ambulance, and to oppose the introduction of Wind Farms.^[32]

On 25 July 2010, Stewart apologised to his constituents after blogging about the relative poverty of rural areas and need for more public services.^[33] He was quoted in the Scottish Sun as saying that "Some areas around here are pretty primitive, people holding up their trousers with bits of twine."^[33] A light-hearted Guardian article, "In praise of ... binder twine", whilst acknowledging the "serious effort" Stewart had made "walking hundreds of miles" to get to know his constituency believed he had simply underestimated the importance of the "ubiquitous and indispensable" twine to the rural community.^[34]

Stewart attended the Bilderberg Conference in June 2011,^[35] along with leading world politicians and bankers including UK Conservative Chancellor George Osborne.^[36] Columnist Charlie Skelton commented in The Guardian that this made it likely that Stewart would receive a "forthcoming promotion", based on the history of other politicians invited to the exclusive Bilderberg group.^[36] Stewart won the election for Chairman of the House of Commons Defence Select Committee on 14 May 2014 following a vote of all MPs.^[37] Within his constituency, Stewart's policy focus has been on broadband, mobile coverage, rural services and agriculture.^[38]

His speech about hedgehogs in Parliament in 2015^[39] was named by The Times and The Telegraph as the best parliamentary speech of 2015 and described by the Deputy Speaker as "one of the best speeches she had ever heard in Parliament".^[40]^[41]

Stewart supported Remain in the 2016 referendum on the UK's continued membership of the European Union^[42] and fully accepted the result, writing that "the decision is made, and we should be energetic and optimistic [about it]".^[43] Since the publication of the Withdrawal Agreement, Stewart has emerged as a prominent supporter of the Prime Minister's Deal, arguing that "we must acknowledge the referendum happened and that people voted by a margin of over a million for Brexit. We should respect that democractic result by leaving EU political institutions...and by taking back control over immigration. But we must also reach out to and address the concerns of the more than 16 million who voted Remain. We should do that through a deal which protects our economy".^[44] He has repeated this argument on programmes including Question Time, Politics Live and the James O'Brien Show on LBC.

Broadband and rural mobile campaign

Stewart led the first backbench motion for expanding broadband and mobile coverage, securing what was then the largest number of cross-party endorsements for a backbench motion.^[45] In a report published in 2011, Stewart won support from the House of Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee in calling for mobile phone companies to be forced to provide coverage to 98% of the population,^[46] and in 2012, his campaign achieved its goal when regulator Ofcom announced its plans for the auction of fourth generation (4G) bandwidth for mobile phone services.^[47] In March 2018, Ofcom announced that the 98% target had been met.^[48]

Stewart was successful in securing the Cumbrian broadband pilot in 2011,^[49] and in November 2013, broadband provider EE cited the support of Government and regulatory policy in announcing that over 2,000 residents and businesses in rural Cumbria were to have access to superfast home and office broadband for the first time.^[50] In February 2015 Stewart secured more funding in order to continue the broadband roll-out in Cumbria.^[51]

Hands across the Border

In July 2014 Stewart launched Hands Across The Border, a project to construct a cairn called 'The Auld Acquaintance' as "a testament to the Union".^[52] Built by members of the public it is close to the Scotland–England border near Gretna. During the run up to the Scottish independence referendum.^[53] Stewart said of the project: "We wanted to come up with a lasting marker of our union, something that future generations will look back at and remember, with deep gratitude, the moment we chose to stay together."^[54] The campaign received support from several notable public figures in the UK, including actress Joanna Lumley, explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes, mountaineers Alan Hinkes and Doug Scott, and historians Simon Schama and David Starkey.^[55] Approximately 100,000 stones were laid on the cairn, many with personal messages.

At the same time, Stewart hosted a two-part documentary on BBC Two about the cross-border history of what he called "Britain's lost middleland",^[56] covering the kingdoms of Northumbria and Strathclyde and the Debatable Lands of the Scottish Marches on the Anglo-Scottish border.^[56]

Veterans in the justice system

In January 2014, Stewart was asked by Chris Grayling, Secretary of State for Justice, to lead a Government review into the reasons why a number of British veterans become criminal offenders after returning to civilian life.^[57] The review looked at ways in which support and prevention for veterans in the justice system can be improved.^[58] Following his election to Chairman of the Defence Select Committee, Stewart handed over the lead for the review to Stephen Phillips QC MP.^[59]

Defence Select Committee

In May 2014, Stewart was elected by MPs from all parties as Chairman of the Defence Select Committee. He was the youngest Chair of a select committee in parliamentary history, as well as the first MP of the 2010 intake to be elected to chair a committee.

Minister for the Environment

Following the Conservatives' return with an outright majority at the 2015 UK General Election, Stewart was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), with responsibilities including the natural environment, national parks, floods and water, resource and environmental management, rural affairs, lead responsibility for the Environment Agency, Natural England and the Forestry Commission, and acting as the Secretary of State's deputy on the Environment Council.^[65]

In July 2015, in his capacity as Resource Minister, he announced a review into the regulatory and enforcement barriers to growth and innovation in the waste sector.^[66] Stewart as 'Floods Minister' joined the National Flood Resilience Review, formed in 2016 and chaired by the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Oliver Letwin.^[67] Stewart initiated the Cumbria Floods Partnership in response to Storm Desmond, with a focus on long-term flood defence.^[68] UK House of Commons cross-party Environment Audit Committee criticised Floods Minister Stewart "that the extra £700m [newly allocated flood defence monies] was the result of a "political calculation" and that it might not be spent according to the strict value-for-money criteria currently used."^[69]

As Environment Minister he introduced the plastic bag tax which dropped use of personal bags by 85% in 6 months;^[70] and he was responsible for bringing the first draft of the 25 year environment plan in which he emphasised alongside biodiversity and ecosystems, the importance of human cultural features in the landscape, and particularly the conservation of small family sheep farms.^[71] As Minister responsible for the National Parks, Stewart secured five years of increased funding for National Parks and AOBs.^[72] He also ensured the extension of the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales National Park and supported the Unesco World Heritage bid for the Lake District.^[73]

Floods and water companies

As Floods Minister Stewart commissioned a Brigadier from the Royal Marines to conduct an immediate review of government responses to flooding.^[74] This identified the potential gaps between different agencies, and the challenges in coordinating resilience measures, emergency response and recovery.^[74] In 2014 the new system was tested by Storm Desmond in which areas of Cumbria experienced the highest rainfall ever recorded. Over the next few days more than 9000 houses were flooded in Cumbria, Yorkshire and Lancashire.^[75] Stewart arrived on the ground as the flood water was rising and remained there over the following weeks, helping to coordinate the government response.^[76]

His approach to the floods put a particular emphasis on rapid military deployment, close analysis of the detailed situation in outlying villages and the reopening of key bridges such as Appleby.^[77] He then represented his department on the cross-ministerial group that oversaw financial compensation and grants to flooded households.^[78] His role was further reinforced when he was made the prime ministerial flood envoy for Cumbria and Lancashire.^[79] While he was the Flood Envoy the government committed an additional 74 million pounds of funding, and over 100 million for the repair of basic infrastructure in Cumbria.^[80] He was particularly involved in driving the reopening of the A591 and the bridge at Pooley Bridge.^[81] He then established the Cumbria Flood Partnership and competitions in river modelling to ensure that all stages of flood risk had been measured from the source to the sea.^[82]

Stewart took through Parliament the legislation for the introduction of retail competition into the water sector.^[83] He brought together water companies to reach a joint proposal on long term British investment in the water industry.

Minister of State for International Development – Asia and the Middle East

After Theresa May replaced David Cameron as Prime Minister, Stewart was promoted to Minister of State for International Development on 17 July 2016.^[3]^[84]

Minister of State for Africa at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Stewart was promoted to become joint Minister for Africa, taking over responsibility for the Foreign Office and its embassies in Africa, as well as DfID in Africa. In this capacity he has visited Nigeria,^[85] Uganda,^[86] Botswana,^[87] Zambia,^[88] Tanzania,^[89] Ethiopia,^[90] Somalia,^[91] Rwanda,^[92] DRC,^[93] South Sudan,^[94] Kenya,^[95] Zimbabwe^[96] and to the United National General Assembly in New York (UNGA).^[97] During these trips he held personal meetings with President Kagame of Rwanda,^[98] President Kabila of DRC,^[99] President Lungu of Zambia,^[88]President Magufuli of Tanzania,^[89] and President Mnangagwa of Zimbabwe.^[100] In this role Stewart was the driving force behind the British Government's new Africa Strategy and pushed for more resources to go into the Foreign Office network in Africa. His most notable trip was to Zimbabwe where he was the first foreign dignitary to be received by President Mnangagwa.^[101] His Zimbabwe policy pressed for political reform, and free and fair elections.^[96]

Minister of State at the Ministry of Justice - Minister for Prisons

Stewart was appointed Minister of State with responsibility for prisons and probation in England and Wales in January 2018.^[102] He was appointed in the aftermath of a highly critical leaked report on the state of HMP Liverpool, in which the inspector described it as the "worst prison he had ever seen" with piles of rubbish, rats, soaring violence and drug use and poor health provision.^[103] Stewart immediately visited the prison and, testifying before the Justice Select Committee, announced his determination to clean up prisons in England and Wales.^[104] He told the Committee that "we need to get back to basics. We need to absolutely insist that we're going to run clean, decent prisons and there has been too much, from my point of view, over the last few years, of very, very abstract conversations about grand bits of prison policy, which are important, but we cannot lose the basics".^[105] This approach has involved the proposed introduction of scanners at prison gates, the fixing of windows, the cleaning of facilities and increases in the number of sniffer dogs and searches of cells.^[106]

This advocacy of a "back to basics" approach was recorded in numerous newspapers, including the Daily Mail and [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/17/rory-stewart-reform-prisons-crisis The Guardian], with Stewart writing an opinion piece in the latter publication, entitled "I strongly believe we can improve our prisons and make progress".^[107] He has written further articles on the situation in prisons, in which he has described the challenges that a prisons minister faces and the problems inherent to micromanaging.

Since starting at the Ministry of Justice, Stewart has visited numerous prisons and has been vocal in his praise for HM Prison Service and HMPPS. On 6 March 2018 Stewart told the House of Commons that the target of recruiting 2,500 extra prison officers had been achieved nine months ahead of schedule and he delivered a speech paying tribute to HMPS on 27 April 2018.^[108] He told MPs that "prison officers operate out of sight of society. They have the most extraordinarily challenging profession. It requires unbelievable resilience...it takes astonishing courage...[and] it also takes great moral authority to act as a mentor, a teacher and in some ways a friend to help prisoners on the path to reformation".^[109]

In April 2018 Stewart took the Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Private Member's Bill through the House of Commons, on behalf of the government, which doubled the maximum sentences for those who attack emergency services personnel and introduced sexual assault as an aggravating factor in sentencing.^[110]

In August 2018, during an interview with BBC Breakfast, Stewart announced the launch of the Ten Prisons Project. He argued that, despite five years of continuous rise in violence in prisons, it was possible to turn it around. Stewart argued that it could be done through improving perimeter gate security (to catch drugs) and by improving training and support of staff. The key, he said, was to get the basics right. He undertook to create a new Prison Officer handbook and a new course at the training college for prison officers. Stewart pledged, in the same interview, that he would resign if this project was not successful.^[111]

Walking and travels

From 2000 to 2002 he travelled on foot through rural districts of Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, India and Nepal, a journey totalling around 6000 miles, during which time he stayed in five hundred different village houses.^[112]^[113]^[114] He had previously walked across West Papua in 1998,^[115] and has since made a number of long walks through Cumbria and Britain.^[116]^[117]

Writing

Books

His first book, The Places in Between, was an account of his 32-day solo walk across Afghanistan in early 2002.^[119] It was a New York Times best-seller, with the newspaper also naming it one of its 10 notable books of 2006 and hailing it as a "flat-out masterpiece".^[6] It won the Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize,^[120] a Scottish Arts Council prize,^[121] the Spirit of Scotland award,^[122] and the Premio de Literatura de Viaje Caminos del Cid.^[122] It was short-listed for a Scottish Arts Council prize,^[123] the Guardian First Book Award^[124] and the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize.^[124] The book was adapted into a radio play by Benjamin Yeoh and was broadcast in 2007 on BBC Radio 4.^[125]

Stewart's second book, The Prince of the Marshes: and other Occupational Hazards of a Year in Iraq, also published as Occupational Hazards: My Time Governing in Iraq, describes his experiences as a Deputy Governorate Co-ordinator in Iraq.^[6] The New York Times critic William Grimes commented that Stewart "seems to be living one of the more extraordinary lives on record", but for him the "real value of the new book is Mr. Stewart's sobering picture of the difficulties involved in creating a coherent Iraqi state based on the rule of law".^[126] Stewart's books have been translated into multiple languages.

Stewart's reflections on the circumstances under which outside military and political intervention in countries' internal affairs may or may not hope to achieve positive results were distilled in a 2011 book, Can Intervention Work?, co-authored with Gerald Knaus and part of the Amnesty International Global Ethics Series. He has also written about theory and practice of travel writings in prefaces to Wilfred Thesiger's Arabian Sands,^[127] Charles Doughty's Arabia Deserta^[128] and Robert Byron's The Road to Oxiana.^[129]

In 2016, he published The Marches, a travelogue about a 1,000-mile walk in the borderlands separating England and Scotland, known as the Scottish Marches, and an extended essay on his Father, Brian Stewart.^[130] The Marches was long listed for the Orwell Prize, won the Hunter Davies Lakeland Book of the Year,^[131] was a Waterstones Book of the Month,^[132] and became a Sunday Times top ten bestseller.^[133]

Articles

His 2008 cover article in Time magazine, where he debated presidential candidates Obama and McCain, arguing against a troop surge in Afghanistan has been shortlisted for an American Journalism Association Award.

He is a columnist for the Cumberland and Westmorland Herald, contributing a fortnightly column,^[134] and has been a columnist for The New York Times,^[135] in addition to a contributor to the New York Review of Books,^[136] and the London Review of Books.^[137]

Documentaries

Honours

Miscellaneous

Personal life

Stewart lives at Dufton in Cumbria,^[156] and is a member of The Athenaeum Club. In 2012, he married an American NGO executive, Shoshana Clark,^[157] with whom he had his first child in November 2014, which he delivered himself in the absence of medical assistance.^[158] His second child was born in April 2017.

Notes

1. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/oct/26/rory-stewart-penrith-tory-seat | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Former royal tutor Rory Stewart selected for safe Tory seat | first=Allegra | last=Stratton | date=26 October 2009 | accessdate=22 May 2010}}
2. ^Penrith and the Border Conservatives Rory Stewart becomes MP for Penrith and the Border
3. ^¹{{cite web|title=Rory Stewart MP OBE|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/rory-stewart|website=GOV.UK|publisher=British Government|accessdate=5 December 2016}}
4. ^About Us{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Turquoise Mountain
5. ^{{cite web |title=Broich House |url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB5788 |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=8 February 2019}}
6. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/11/15/paths-of-glory-ian-parker|title=Paths of Glory|last=Parker|first=Ian|date=2010-11-08|work=The New Yorker|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}
7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=52792 |date=14 January 1992 |page=493 |supp=y}}
8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=52910 |date=5 May 1992 |page=7744 |supp=y}}
9. ^¹²³{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/11/15/paths-of-glory-ian-parker|title=Paths of Glory|last=Parker|first=Ian|date=2010-11-08|work=The New Yorker|access-date=2018-03-05|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/jan/14/rory-stewart-tory-mp-penrith|title=Rory Stewart's awfully big adventure|last=Glover|first=Julian|date=14 January 2010|work=The Guardian|accessdate=22 May 2010|location=London}}
11. ^Biography Rory Stewart
12. ^¹{{Cite book|title=Occupational Hazards|last=Stewart|first=Rory|publisher=Picador|year=2007|isbn=|location=London|pages=87}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/rory-stewart-days-of-hope-and-hubris-6097377.html|title=Rory Stewart: Days of hope and hubris|date=2006-06-23|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-GB}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.harcourtbooks.com/PrinceOfTheMarshes/interview.asp|title=Interview: Rory Stewart|publisher=Harcourt Trade Publishers|accessdate=2 January 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215051006/http://www.harcourtbooks.com/PrinceOfTheMarshes/interview.asp|archivedate=15 February 2010|df=dmy-all}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/focus/the_turquoise_mountain_foundation_becomes_the_prince_s_18th__917731594.html|title=The Turquoise Mountain Foundation becomes The Prince's 18th charity|date=25 March 2007|publisher=Prince of Wales|accessdate=28 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701210105/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/focus/the_turquoise_mountain_foundation_becomes_the_prince_s_18th__917731594.html|archive-date=1 July 2007|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rsgs.org/awardsandmedals/|title=Medals and Awards|publisher=Royal Scottish Geographical Society|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212031439/http://www.rsgs.org/awardsandmedals/|archivedate=12 February 2010|deadurl=yes|accessdate=27 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}
17. ^Declarations of Interests Rory Stewart
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/8811125/Can-Intervention-Work-by-Rory-Stewart-and-Gerald-Knaus-review.html|title=Can Intervention Work? by Rory Stewart and Gerald Knaus: review|last=Oborne|first=Peter|date=2011-10-10|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}
19. ^Graduating Stirling students reap their rewards University of Stirling, 23 November 2009
20. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.aup.edu/news/commencement2011/honor.htm |title=AUP official website |access-date=26 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003153451/http://www.aup.edu/news/commencement2011/honor.htm |archive-date=3 October 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
21. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/berkshire/8312151.stm |title=Residents choose Tory candidate |work=BBC News Online |date=17 October 2009 }}
22. ^{{cite news |url=http://waugh.standard.co.uk/2009/10/rory-stewart-for-pm.html |title=Rory Stewart for PM? |author=Paul Waugh |work=London Evening Standard |date=25 October 2009 |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028012122/http://waugh.standard.co.uk/2009/10/rory-stewart-for-pm.html |archive-date=28 October 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cumberlandnews.co.uk/ex_diplomat_heads_list_to_succeed_penrith_mp_david_maclean_1_620521?referrerPath=home |title=Ex-diplomat heads list to succeed Penrith MP David Maclean |work=Cumberland News |date=7 October 2009 |access-date=18 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224143747/http://www.cumberlandnews.co.uk/ex_diplomat_heads_list_to_succeed_penrith_mp_david_maclean_1_620521?referrerPath=home |archive-date=24 February 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
24. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/election2010/results/constituency/d51.stm |title=Election 2010 – Penrith & the Border |work=BBC News Online |date=6 May 2010 }}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.itv.com/news/border/2015-05-08/penrith-and-the-border-results/|title=Penrith and the Border: results|work=ITV News|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmfaff/514/514.pdf |title=The UK's foreign policy approach to Afghanistan and Pakistan (HC514) |publisher=House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee |date=2 March 2011 |accessdate=29 August 2014 }}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://allparty.org/all-party-groups/mountain-rescue |title=Mountain Rescue |publisher=All Party |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060217/http://allparty.org/all-party-groups/mountain-rescue |date=24 January 2012 |archivedate=21 September 2013 |accessdate=29 August 2014 }}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rorystewart.co.uk/rory-delivers-keynote-speech-at-uks-bi-ennial-mountain-rescue-conference/ |title=Rory delivers keynote speech at UK's bi-ennial Mountain Rescue conference |publisher=Rory Stewart |date=17 September 2012 }}
29. ^{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmallparty/register/local-democracy.htm |title=Local Democracy |work=Register of All-Party Groups |publisher=House of Commons |date=30 March 2015 }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nalc.gov.uk/Latest_News/Rory_StewartMPleadsnationalcampaignforparishfinancing.aspx |title=Rory Stewart MP leads national campaign for parish financing |publisher=National Association of Local Councils |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716182547/http://www.nalc.gov.uk/Latest_News/Rory_StewartMPleadsnationalcampaignforparishfinancing.aspx |date=30 April 2013 |archivedate=16 July 2013 |accessdate=19 December 2017 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.rorystewart.co.uk/rory-stewart-mp-heralds-fuel-rebate-win-for-rural-areas/|title=RORY STEWART MP HERALDS FUEL REBATE WIN FOR RURAL AREAS - Rory Stewart|date=2015-06-02|work=Rory Stewart|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en-US}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rorystewart.co.uk/category/wind-turbines/|title=Wind Turbines Archives|website=Rory Stewart|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-15}}
33. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-10757609 |title=Tory MP 'sorry' for twine remark |date=25 July 2010 |work=BBC News Online |accessdate=26 July 2010 }}
34. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jul/27/in-praise-of-binder-twine |title=In praise of ... binder twine |work=The Guardian |date=27 July 2010 |accessdate=27 July 2010 }}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.italiamagazineonline.it/archives/13996/bilderberg-lista-dei-partecipanti |title=Bilderberg: lista dei partecipanti |work=Italia magazine |date=10 June 2011 }}
36. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2011/jun/10/bilderberg-2011-charlie-skelton |title=Bilderberg 2011: George Osborne attending as chancellor |work=The Guardian |date=10 June 2011 }}
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92. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/223169/|title=UK Minister for Africa visits Rwanda|last=Mpirwa|first=Elisee|work=The New Times Rwanda|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}
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112. ^Rory Stewart biography Penrith and the Border Conservatives
113. ^Can Rory Stewart Fix Afghanistan? National Geographic Adventure Magazine
114. ^Paths of Glory New Yorker
115. ^Rory Stewart (20 July 2000). Diary. London Review of Books. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
116. ^Rory Stewart (13 November 2010). "Discovering Eden". Financial Times. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
117. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/6475289/Rory-Stewart-A-new-kind-of-Tory.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Rory Stewart: A new kind of Tory | date=1 November 2009}}
118. ^Rory Stewart (20 September 2011). "Because we weren't There?". London Review of Books. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
119. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/rory-stewart/the-places-in-between|title=The Places In Between|website=Pan Macmillan|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-03-08}}
120. ^{{Cite web|url=https://rsliterature.org/library-article/two-way-traffic-rory-stewart-on-writing-about-place/|title=Royal Society of Literature » Two-way traffic: Rory Stewart on writing about place|website=rsliterature.org|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-03-08}}
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125. ^{{Citation|last=Benjamin Yeoh|title=Places In Between, The|date=2007-02-15|url=https://archive.org/details/PlacesInBetweenThe|accessdate=2018-03-06}}
126. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-KJ7JInCUR0C&pg=PP3&lpg=PP3&dq=%22rory+stewart%22+AND+%22seems+to+be+living+one+of+the+more+extraordinary+lives+on+record%22&source=bl&ots=jlaCuyVAn6&sig=dIIBQVJUK5X5HyQvqKfGkD69n2c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-wsmWydzZAhXBNJoKHcVqAREQ6AEIMzAC|title=The Prince of the Marshes: And Other Occupational Hazards of a Year in Iraq|last=Stewart|first=Rory|date=2007-02-01|publisher=HMH|isbn=9780156033008|language=en}}
127. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Arabian-Penguin-Classics-Wilfred-Thesiger/dp/0141442077|title=Arabian Sands|last=Thesiger|first=Wilfred|last2=Stewart|first2=Rory|date=2007-10-25|publisher=Penguin Classics|isbn=9780141442075|edition= Reissue |location=London|language=English}}
128. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.foliosociety.com/book/ADB/travels-in-arabia-deserta|title=Travels In Arabia Deserta {{!}} Folio Illustrated Book|website=www.foliosociety.com|access-date=2018-03-07}}
129. ^{{Cite book|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-road-to-oxiana-9780195325607?cc=gb&lang=en&|title=The Road to Oxiana|last=Byron|first=Robert|last2=Stewart|first2=Rory|last3=Fussell|first3=Paul|date=2007-05-18|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195325607|location=Oxford, New York}}
130. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/18/the-marches-rory-stewart-review-brian-border-england-scotland|title=The Marches by Rory Stewart review – farewell to an imperial class|last=Jack|first=Ian|date=2016-11-18|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-03-08}}
131. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cropper.com/news/post.php?s=2017-07-17-rory-stewart-is-the-33rd-lakeland-book-of-the-year-winner-for-the-marches|title=Post|website=www.cropper.com|access-date=2018-03-08}}
132. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.rorystewart.co.uk/books/the-marches/|title=THE MARCHES - Rory Stewart|work=Rory Stewart|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en-US}}
133. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/What-did-your-MP-receive-last-year-Parliaments-gifts-and-donations-list-revealed-4ad1fbe4-c94c-4f70-891d-6a4df83e934e-ds|title=What did your MP receive last year? Parliament's gifts and donations list revealed|last=Barber|first=Caroline|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en-GB}}
134. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cwherald.com/|title=Latest Headlines|work=cwherald.com}}
135. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/23/opinion/23stewart.html|title=Opinion {{!}} The 'Good War' Isn't Worth Fighting|last=Stewart|first=Rory|date=2008-11-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
136. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/contributors/rory-stewart/|title=Rory Stewart|website=The New York Review of Books|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-08}}
137. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/contributors/rory-stewart|title=Rory Stewart · LRB|website=www.lrb.co.uk|access-date=2018-03-08}}
138. ^The Legacy of Lawrence of Arabia BBC Two
139. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01jk6ch|title=BBC Two - Afghanistan: The Great Game - A Personal View by Rory Stewart|work=BBC}}
140. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b0404r3t/Border_Country_The_Story_of_Britains_Lost_Middleland_Episode_1/|title=BBC Two - Border Country: The Story of Britain's Lost Middleland, Episode 1|work=BBC}}
141. ^{{London Gazette |issue=57315 |date=12 June 2004 |page=23 |supp=y}}
142. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://rsliterature.org/library-article/two-way-traffic-rory-stewart-on-writing-about-place/|title=Royal Society of Literature » Two-way traffic: Rory Stewart on writing about place|website=rsliterature.org|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-03-05}}
143. ^{{cite web |title=Glenfiddich Spirit of Scotland Awards 2005 |url=http://glenfiddich.staging.tagmedia.co.uk/news-events/glenfiddich-spirit-of-scotland-awards/winners2005.html |publisher=Glenfiddich |accessdate=17 March 2019}}
144. ^{{Cite web|url=https://rsgs.org/inspiring-people/medals-awards/livingstone-medal/|title=Livingstone Medal {{!}} RSGS|website=rsgs.org|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-03-05}}
145. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.stir.ac.uk/events/graduation/honorary-graduates/archive/2008-2017/professorrorystewartobe/|title=Professor Rory Stewart OBE – University of Stirling|website=www.stir.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-03-05}}
146. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.voicesfromoxford.org/people/rory-stewart-mp/264|title=Rory Stewart MP {{!}} Voices From Oxford|website=www.voicesfromoxford.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-05}}
147. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.caminodelcid.org/el-consorcio-informa/noticias/1629917-el-escoces-rory-stewart-gana-el-premio-de-literatura-de-viajes-camino-del-cid-con-su-libro-la-huella-de-babur/|title=Noticias Ruta Camino del CID {{!}}El escocés Rory Stewart gana el Premio de Literatura de Viajes Camino del Cid con su libro La huella de Babur|website=www.caminodelcid.org|language=es|access-date=2018-03-05}}
148. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.rorystewart.co.uk/the-american-university-of-paris-graduation-ceremony/|title=The American University of Paris Graduation Ceremony - Rory Stewart|date=2011-06-02|work=Rory Stewart|access-date=2018-03-05|language=en-US}}
149. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2012|title=British Academy Scotland Awards: Winners in 2012|website=www.bafta.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-05}}
150. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cropper.com/news/post.php?s=2017-07-17-rory-stewart-is-the-33rd-lakeland-book-of-the-year-winner-for-the-marches|title=Post|website=www.cropper.com|access-date=2018-03-05}}
151. ^{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/RoryStewartUK/status/1004027492313780224|title=Rory Stewart on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=2018-06-06|language=en}}
152. ^Desert Island Discs – Rory Stewart, BBC Radio 4, 20 January 2008.
153. ^Orlando Bloom to make a star of Rory The First Post, 19 August 2008
154. ^http://www.publicservice.co.uk/feature_story.asp?id=14560{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
155. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.hampsteadtheatre.com/whats-on/2017/occupational-hazards/|title=OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS|website=Hampstead Theatre|access-date=2018-03-05}}
156. ^Home & Background, Rory Stewart, UK.
157. ^{{cite web|title=Conservative MP Rory Stewart to marry American volunteer at his Afghan charity|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/penrith-mp-rory-stewart-to-get-married-next-week-1.1007268?referrerPath=|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130422044457/http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/penrith-mp-rory-stewart-to-get-married-next-week-1.1007268?referrerPath=|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-04-22}}
158. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/florence-of-arabia-tamed-by-a-toddler-bspbbvg08|title=Florence of Arabia tamed by a toddler|last=Thring|first=Oliver|date=2016-10-09|work=The Sunday Times|access-date=2018-03-05|language=en|issn=0956-1382}}

Early life

Foreign Office

Iraq War

Turquoise Mountain

Harvard University

Parliament

Member of Parliament for Penrith and The Border

Broadband and rural mobile campaign

Hands across the Border

Veterans in the justice system

Defence Select Committee

Minister for the Environment

Floods and water companies

Minister of State for International Development – Asia and the Middle East

Minister of State for Africa at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Minister of State at the Ministry of Justice - Minister for Prisons

Walking and travels

Writing

Books

Articles

Documentaries

Honours

Miscellaneous

Personal life

Notes

Books

External links