| 词条 | Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest, BWV 194 |
| 释义 |
| title = {{nowrap|{{lang|de|Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest}}}} | type = Sacred cantata | bwv = 194 | image = Hildebrandt-Orgel Störmthal.jpg | caption = The organ at Störmthal, where the cantata was first performed | related = based on BWV 194a | occasion = Inauguration of church and organ | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1723|11|02|df=y}}|location=Störmthal}} | movements = 6 | chorale = {{plainlist|
}} | vocal = {{plainlist|
}} | instrumental = {{hlist | 3 oboes | bassoon | 2 violins | viola | continuo }} | italic title = no }} {{lang|de|Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest}} (Most highly desired festival of joy),[1] {{nowrap|BWV 194}},{{efn|"BWV" is Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, a thematic catalogue of Bach's works.}} is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for dedication of the church and organ at Störmthal on 2 November 1723. The cantata text was written by an anonymous poet, including two stanzas of Johann Heermann's hymn "{{lang|de|Treuer Gott, ich muß dir klagen|italic=no}}" (1630) and two stanzas of Paul Gerhardt's "{{lang|de|Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe|italic=no}}" (1647). Bach used an earlier secular cantata as a base for a structure in two parts of six movements each, beginning with an extended choral movement and concluding both parts with chorale stanzas. The inner movements are alternating recitatives and arias. The chorales are the only movements which were certainly newly composed for the occasion. Bach scored the work for three vocal soloists, a four-part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of three oboes, bassoon, strings and continuo. After the first performance in Störmthal, Bach performed the cantata again in Leipzig for Trinity Sunday, first on 4 June 1724, a shortened version in 1726, and the complete version in 1731. History and textThe first known performance of the cantata was at Störmthal, a village near Leipzig. The church there had been rebuilt, and a new organ been built on a commission by Statz Friedrich von Fullen. The organ was an early work by Zacharias Hildebrandt. Von Fullen requested an approval of the instrument from Johann Sebastian Bach, who was then Thomaskantor in Leipzig. Bach was satisfied and composed this cantata for the dedication service for the church and the organ on 2 November 1723.[2] The text deals with the inauguration of the church. The organ has no solo function in the cantata.[3] The cantata text was written by an anonymous poet, who took Solomon's prayer for the dedication of the temple as a starting point to reflect the church as the house of God. Frequent Biblical references throughout the text suggest that the author was a theologian.[3] He included as movement 6, ending Part I, stanzas 6 and 7 of Johann Heermann's hymn "{{lang|de|Treuer Gott, ich muß dir klagen|italic=no}}" (1630), and as the closing chorale, stanzas 9 and 10 of Paul Gerhardt's "{{lang|de|Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe|italic=no}}" (1647).[4][5] Scholars such as John Eliot Gardiner assume that Bach based the cantata on a lost work ({{nowrap|BWV 194a}}), probably composed at Köthen for an unknown occasion.[6] The music of movements 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10 is lost, and only instrumental parts of the other movements are extant. Bach added the chorales for the 1723 dedication service. Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest shows musical similarities also to Preise, Jerusalem, den Herrn, BWV 119, written for the inauguration of the Leipzig town council a few weeks earlier.[3] Bach led the first performance at the dedication service in Störmthal.[2] The printed text mentions Bach as "Hochfürstl. Anhalt-Cöthenischen Capell-Meister, auch Directore Chori musici Lipsiensis" (Kapellmeister to the Prince of Anhalt-Köthen and Director of the Choir at Leipzig), referring to his appointments in the service of Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen.[5] The organ of Störmthal is notable as one of few such instruments still mostly unaltered since Bach's time.[2] A restorer in 1934 remarked that it was tuned about a whole tone lower than 440, which may account for the unusually high vocal ranges.[3] Bach demanded "top Cs" from the sopranos, which is unique in his sacred cantatas.[6] The organ part prepared for the Leipzig revival is notated a minor third lower than the other instruments.[3] Bach revived the cantata for performances in Leipzig for Trinity Sunday. The prescribed readings for Trinity were {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Romans|chapter=11|verse=33|range=–36}}, and {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=John|chapter=3|verse=1|range=–15}}, the meeting of Jesus and Nicodemus.[4] The general topic and even an "invocation of the Trinity" in movement 6 made for an easy transition. On 4 June 1724, Bach concluded his first cantata cycle with this work. On 16 June 1726, he presented a shortened version, with movements appearing in the order 12, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10. The 12-movement version was again performed on 20 May 1731.[7]Structure and scoringBach structured the cantata in two parts of six movements each. It is scored for three vocal soloists (soprano (S), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir (SATB), and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of three oboes (Ob), bassoon (Fg), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo.[8] In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe. The keys and time signatures are taken from the Bach scholar Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4). The instruments are shown separately for winds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown. {{Classical movement header | show_text_source = yes | work = Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest, BWV 194| instruments1 = Winds | instruments2 = Strings}}{{Classical movement row| id = m1 | number = 1 | title = {{lang|de|Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest|italic=no}} | text_source ={{abbr|anon.|anonymous}}| type = Chorus | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = 3Ob Fg | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = {{nowrap|B-flat major}} | time = {{hlist | {{music|common-time}} |3/4 | {{music|common-time}} }} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m2 | number = 2 | title = {{lang|de|Unendlich großer Gott, ach wende dich|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Recitative | vocal = B | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m3 | number = 3 | title = {{lang|de|Was des Höchsten Glanz erfüllt|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Aria | vocal = B | instruments1 = Ob | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = B-flat major | time = 12/8 }}{{Classical movement row | id = m4 | number = 4 | title = {{lang|de|Wie könnte dir, du höchstes Angesicht|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Recitative | vocal = S | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m5 | number = 5 | title = {{lang|de|Hilf, Gott, dass es uns gelingt|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Aria | vocal = S | instruments1 = | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = E-flat major | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m6 | number = 6 | title = {{lang|de|Heilger Geist ins Himmels Throne|italic=no}} | text_source = Heermann | type = Chorale | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = 3Ob | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = B-flat major | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m7 | number = 7 | title = {{lang|de|Ihr Heiligen, erfreuet euch|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Recitative | vocal = T | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m8 | number = 8 | title = {{lang|de|Des Höchsten Gegenwart allein|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Aria | vocal = T | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | key = {{nowrap|G minor}} | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m9 | number = 9 | title = {{lang|de|Kann wohl ein Mensch zu Gott im Himmel steigen|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Recitative (Duetto) | vocal = S B | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m10 | number = 10 | title = {{lang|de|O wie wohl ist uns geschehn|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Aria (Duetto) | vocal = S B | instruments1 = 2Ob | instruments2 = | key = F major | time = 3/4 }}{{Classical movement row | id = m11 | number = 11 | title = {{lang|de|Wohlan demnach, du heilige Gemeine|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Recitative | vocal = B | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | id = m12 | number = 12 | title = {{lang|de|Sprich Ja zu meinen Taten|italic=no}} | text_source = Paul Gerhardt | type = Chorale | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = 3Ob | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = B-flat major | time = 3/4 }}{{End}} MusicThe music has an often dance-like character. All recitatives, the majority of the solo movements, are secco, accompanied only by the continuo.[3] Most of them are followed by an aria performed by the same voice type. {{anchor|1}}Part I begins with a chorus in the style of a French overture with a solemn opening and a fast fugal central section.[3] {{anchor|3}} The bass sings a recitative and an aria, accompanied by solo oboe and strings. {{anchor|4}} The soprano sings a modulating recitative and an aria in the style of a gavotte. {{anchor|6}}A four-part harmonization of the chorale ends the first part.[9] {{anchor|7}}Part II begins with the tenor singing a recitative and a da capo aria in a minor mode, characterized by its extensive use of dotted rhythms. {{anchor|9}}A dialogue recitative for bass and soprano leads to a duet aria with oboes and continuo. {{anchor|11}}After a declamatory bass recitative, the work ends with another four-part chorale setting.[9] RecordingsThe entries are taken from the listing on the Bach Cantatas Website.[4] Ensembles with period instruments in historically informed performance are marked by green background. {{Cantata discography header|work={{lang|de|Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest}}, BWV 194 |show_orchestra_type=yes }}{{Cantata discography row| title = {{lang|de|Die Bach Kantate Vol. 65}} | conductor = {{sortname|Helmuth|Rilling}} | choir = Gächinger Kantorei | orchestra = Bach-Collegium Stuttgart | soloists = {{plainlist|
}} | label = Hänssler | year = {{start date|1977}} | orchestra_type = }}{{Cantata discography row | title = J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk (Complete Cantatas). Folge / Vol. 44 - BWV 192, 194-195 | conductor = {{sortname|Nikolaus| Harnoncourt]]}} | choir = Tölzer Knabenchor | orchestra = Concentus Musicus Wien | soloists = {{plainlist|
}} | label = Teldec | year = {{start date|1997}} | orchestra_type = Period }}{{Cantata discography row | title = J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 9 | conductor = {{sortname|Ton|Koopman}} | orchestra = Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir | soloists = {{plainlist|
}} | label = Erato | year = {{start date|1998}} | orchestra_type = Period }}{{Cantata discography row | title = Bach Edition Vol. 15 – Cantatas Vol. 8 | conductor = {{sortname|Pieter Jan|Leusink}} | choir = Holland Boys Choir | orchestra = Netherlands Bach Collegium | soloists = {{plainlist|
}} | label = Brilliant Classics | year = {{start date|2000}} | orchestra_type = Period }}{{Cantata discography row | title = Bach Cantatas Vol. 27: Blythburgh/Kirkwall / For Whit Tuesday / For Trinity Sunday | conductor = {{sortname|John Eliot|Gardiner}} | choir = Monteverdi Choir | orchestra = English Baroque Soloists | soloists = {{plainlist|
}} | label = Soli Deo Gloria | year = {{start date|2000}} | orchestra_type = Period }}{{Cantata discography row | title = J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 16 - Cantatas from Leipzig 1723 - BWV 119, 194 | conductor = {{sortname|Masaaki|Suzuki}} | orchestra = Bach Collegium Japan | soloists = {{plainlist|
}} | label = BIS | year = {{start date|2000}} | orchestra_type = Period }}{{End}} Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite web| last = Dellal| first = Pamela| authorlink = Pamela Dellal| url = http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_trans/transl_cantata/bwv194.htm| title = BWV 194 – Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest| publisher = Emmanuel Music| accessdate = 6 May 2016}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web| url = http://www.gothic-catalog.com/St_rmthal_Germany_Hildebrandt_organ_1723_s/884.htm| title = Recording sessions at the / Hildebrandt organ of Störmthal, Germany (1723)| publisher = gothic-catalog.com| accessdate = 24 April 2015}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web| last = Hofmann| first = Klaus| authorlink = Klaus Hofmann| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Pic-Rec-BIG/Suzuki-C16c[BIS-CD1131].pdf| title = Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest. BWV 194| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| pages = 5–6, 9| year = 2001| accessdate = 7 May 2016}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web| last = Oron| first = Aryeh| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV194.htm| title = Cantata BWV 194 Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| accessdate = 14 December 2012}} 5. ^1 {{cite web| last = Wolff| first = Christoph| authorlink = Christoph Wolff| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Pic-Rec-BIG/Koopman-C09-2c[AM-3CD].pdf| title = The first annual cycle (1723–1724) of Bach's church cantatas (IV)| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| year = 2001| pages = 9–10| accessdate = 7 May 2016}} 6. ^1 {{cite web| last = Gardiner| first = John Eliot| authorlink = John Eliot Gardiner| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Pic-Rec-BIG/Gardiner-P27c[sdg138_gb].pdf| title = Cantatas for Trinity Sunday / St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| pages = 7–9| year = 2008| accessdate = 7 May 2016}} 7. ^{{cite book | last = Dürr | first = Alfred | authorlink = Alfred Dürr | others = Translated by Richard D. P. Jones | url = https://books.google.de/books?id=m9JuwslMcq4C&pg=PA715 | title = The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-19-929776-4 }} 8. ^{{cite web| last = Bischof| first = Walter F.| url = http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/194.html| title = BWV 194 Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest| publisher = University of Alberta| accessdate = 5 June 2013}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-61-bwv-194.htm|accessdate=5 June 2013|publisher=jsbachcantatas|author=Mincham, Julian|title=Chapter 61 BWV 194 Höchsterwünschtes Freudenfest / Greatly desired feast of joy.}} Sources
| last = Gardiner | first = John Eliot | author-link = John Eliot Gardiner | url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_SDG138 | title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 129, 165, 175, 176, 184 & 194 | publisher = Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website) | year = 2009 | accessdate = 11 November 2018 }}
2 : Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach|1723 compositions |
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