词条 | Rosa rugosa |
释义 |
| image = Rosa rugosa Tokyo.JPG | image_caption = Rosa rugosa flower | genus = Rosa | species = rugosa | authority = Thunb. }} Rosa rugosa (rugosa rose, beach rose, Japanese rose, or Ramanas rose) is a species of rose native to eastern Asia, in northeastern China, Japan, Korea and southeastern Siberia, where it grows on the coast, often on sand dunes.[1] It should not be confused with Rosa multiflora, which is also known as "Japanese rose". The Latin word "rugosa" means "wrinkled." DescriptionRosa rugosa is a suckering shrub which develops new plants from the roots and forms dense thickets 1–1.50 m tall with stems densely covered in numerous short, straight prickles 3–10 mm long. The leaves are 8–15 cm long, pinnate with 5–9 leaflets, most often 7, each leaflet 3–4 cm long, with a distinctly corrugated (rugose, hence the species' name) surface. The flowers are pleasantly scented, dark pink to white (on R. rugosa f. alba (Ware) Rehder), 6–9 cm across, with somewhat wrinkled petals; flowering occurs in spring.[1]The hips are large, 2–3 cm diameter, and often shorter than their diameter, not elongated; in late summer and early autumn the plants often bear fruit and flowers at the same time. The leaves typically turn bright yellow before falling in autumn.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} {{Gallery|File:Beach Rose Rosa rugosa Bud.jpg|Bud |File:Rosa rugosa 2010.jpg|In bloom |Image:Rosa rugosa hip Neelix.jpg|Rose hips can resemble tomatoes |File:Rosa_rugosa_buds.jpg|Rosa rugosa buds on Grape Island, Massachusetts }} Cultivation and usesRosa rugosa is widely used as an ornamental plant. It has been introduced to numerous areas of Europe and North America. It has many common names, several of which refer to the fruit's resemblance to a tomato, including beach tomato or sea tomato; others include saltspray rose, beach rose, potato rose and Turkestan rose.[2] In parts of the US the fruits are also occasionally called beach plums, causing confusion with the plant properly bearing that name, Prunus maritima.[3]The sweetly scented flowers are traditionally used to make flower jam and dessert in China.[4] They are also used to make pot-pourri in Japan and China. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat irregular menstruation and gastritis.[5] This species hybridises readily with many other roses,[2] and is valued by rose breeders for its considerable resistance to the diseases rose rust and rose black spot. It is also extremely tolerant of seaside salt spray and storms, commonly being the first shrub in from the coast. It is widely used in landscaping, being relatively tough and trouble-free. Needing little maintenance, it is suitable for planting in large numbers; its salt-tolerance makes it useful for planting beside roads which need deicing with salt regularly.[8] Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use, with flower colour varying from white to dark red-purple, and with semi-double to double flowers where some or all of the stamens are replaced by extra petals. Popular examples include 'Fru Dagmar Hastrup' (pink, single), 'Pink Grootendorst' (pink, semi-double), 'Blanc Double de Coubert' (white, double) and the more common 'Roseraie de L'Haÿ' (pink, double), which is often used for its very successful rootstock and its ornamental rose hips.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Invasive speciesRosa rugosa is naturalized in many parts of Europe, and it is considered an invasive species in some habitats, particularly in seashores of Northern Europe. It can outcompete native flora, thereby threatening biological diversity.[6] On Sylt, an island in the north of Germany, it is sufficiently abundant to have become known as the "Sylt rose".[2] It is considered noxious in some states of the USA.[7]R. rugosa was first introduced into North America in 1845. The first report of it being naturalized far from the location in which it was planted occurred on Nantucket in 1899. Ten years later it was said to be "straying rapidly" and today it is naturalized on the entire coast of New England. Vernacular namesIn Japanese, it is called {{nihongo|hamanasu|浜茄子}} "beach aubergine", {{nihongo|hamanashi|浜梨}} "beach pear" or simply {{linktext|玫瑰}} "rose". The Chinese call it méiguī huā {{linktext|玫|瑰|花}}. In Korean, the species is called haedanghwa ({{hangul|해당화}}, {{linktext|海|棠|花}}), literally "flowers near the seashore".[8]{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011310|title=Flora of China|publisher=eFlora|accessdate=15 October 2011}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Rosa rugosa|url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/47835|publisher=CAB International |work=Invasive Species Compendium|accessdate=17 September 2014|ref=harv}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.capecodartandnature.com/2015/09/01/beach-rose-hips-are-not-beach-plums-and-other-things/|title=Beach rose hips are NOT beach plums and other things {{!}} Mary Richmond's Cape Cod Art and Nature|website=www.capecodartandnature.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-25}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.guokr.com/post/708367/focus/1149982794/ |title=【餐桌物种日历】玫瑰 |date=August 5, 2016 |website=果壳网 |publisher=物种日历 |access-date=February 4, 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web|title="Mei gui hua"|url=https://tcmwiki.com/wiki/mei-gui-hua|publisher=TCM Wiki|work=|accessdate=5 February 2017|ref=}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nobanis.org/files/factsheets/Rosa_rugosa.pdf |title=NOBANIS — Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet — Rosa rugosa |author=Weidema, I. |date=2006 |work=Online Database of the European Network on Invasive Alien Species — NOBANIS |publisher= |accessdate=29 August 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web |author1=USDA, NRCS. National Plant Data Team |title=Rugosa Rose |url=https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_roru.pdf |website=The Plants Database |publisher=USDA, NRCS |location=Greensboro, NC |date=13 May 2002}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.go.kr/plant/plantGuide/results/view.jsp?name_id=13169&returnUrl=%2Fplant%2FplantGuide%2Fsearch%2Fgeneral.jsp%3Fplant_name%3D%C7%D8%B4%E7%C8%AD%26size%3D10%26init_check%3DY%26start%3D1%26selLang%3DK |title=Haedanghwa (해당화) |publisher=Korea National Arboretum |language=Korean |accessdate=2008-08-06}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} External links
10 : Roses|Flora of China|Flora of Japan|Flora of Korea|Flora of Russia|Flora of Asia|Garden plants|Invasive plant species in Europe|Invasive plant species in the United States|Taxa named by Carl Peter Thunberg |
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