“Iceland–North Korea relations”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

According to most sources, diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1973, when all Nordic countries jointly opted to recognize the DPRK, ending the country's diplomatic isolation in Western Europe.^[3]^[4] The Icelandic non-resident embassy to North Korea on the other hand states this took place on 2 April 1982, a decade later.^[1]

In the 1980s, pro-DPRK organizations and juche study groups were established in Iceland as in many other countries, as part of North Korean diplomatic efforts to build support for itself. One of these was the Icelandic Solidarity Committee for Reunification of Korea, which visited Pyongyang in the decade's first years,^[5] and the Iceland–Korea Friendship and Cultural Society which sent a delegation led by its General Secretary Hrafn Harðarson during the decade's later half.^[6] The Iceland–Korea Friendship and Cultural Society remained active as of at least 2011.^[7]

Following the 1988 Summer Olympics, Iceland's non-resident ambassador to North Korea at the time stated that he had never visited the country.^[8] In 2009 the Icelandic Minister for Foreign Affairs at the time, Össur Skarphéðinsson, expressed his deep concerns with the ongoing missile crisis, and called for North Korea to return to the negotiations with the international community.^[9] In 2013 the non-resident DPRK ambassador Pak Kwang Chol presented his credentials to President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson. The two also discussed fishing, geothermal energy, and development programs.^[2] The ambassador was recalled only two months later, following the purge and execution of Jang Sung-taek, of whom the ambassador was a close associate.^[10]

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References

1. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/cn/english/embassys-jurisdiction/north-korea |title=North Korea |author= |website=www.iceland.is |publisher=Embassy of Iceland |access-date=28 July 2015}}
2. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2013/10/08/dprk-ambassador-presents-credentials-to-president-of-iceland/ |title=DPRK Ambassador Presents Credentials to President of Iceland |author= |date=8 October 2013 |publisher=North Korea Leadership Watch |access-date=28 July 2015}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Hazel|title=North Korea: Markets and Military Rule|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eBwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-89778-5|page=131}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Gills|first=Barry|title=Korea versus Korea: A Case of Contested Legitimacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LIoka6roqAC&pg=PT164|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-1-134-76625-3|pages=163–164}}
5. ^{{cite book |author= |date=1982 |title=North Korea Quarterly |volume=28-31 |publisher=Institute of Asian Affairs |page=20 }}
6. ^{{cite book |author= |date=1988 |title=North Korea Quarterly |volume=50-52 |publisher=Institute of Asian Affairs |page=13 }}
7. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Andra nordiska vänskapsföreningar |url=http://www.timbeal.net.nz/Crisis_in_Korea/Sweden_KI2011-4.pdf |language=Swedish |newspaper=Korea-information |location=Stockholm|date=2011 |access-date=28 July 2015 }}
8. ^{{cite book |author= |title=Korea News Review |volume=17, 27-53 |location=Seoul |publisher=The Korea Herald |page=14 |date=1988 }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.is/news-and-publications/nr/4931 |title=Iceland's Foreign Minister concerned regarding N-Korea's missile launch |author= |date=6 April 2009 |website=www.mfa.is |publisher=Ministry for Foreign Affairs |access-date=28 July 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news |last=Wetterborg |first=Caroline |date=27 December 2013 |title=Nordkoreas ambassadör kallas hem |url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/nordkoreas-ambassador-kallas-hem/ |newspaper=Dagens Nyheter |language=Swedish |location=Stockholm |access-date=28 July 2015 }}

History

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References