词条 | IFRS 15 |
释义 |
HistoryA main purpose of the project to develop IFRS 15 was that, although revenue is a critical metric for financial statement users, there were important differences between the IASB and FASB definitions of revenue, and there were different definitions of revenue even within each board's guidance for similar transactions accounting for under different standards.[3] The IASB also believed that its guidance for revenue was not sufficiently detailed.[3] The IASB began working on its revenue project in 2002.[4] The boards released their first discussion paper describing their views on accounting for revenue in 2008, and they released exposure drafts of a proposed standard in 2010 and 2011.[4] The final standard was issued on 28 May 2014.[3] Revenue modelThe IFRS 15 revenue model has five steps:[2][4]
Relative to previous accounting guidance, IFRS 15 may cause revenue to be recognized earlier in some cases, but later in others.[5] Identify the contract with a customerAccording to IFRS 15, the following criteria have to be met before a contract can be identified;
Identify all the individual performance obligations within the contractA good or service that is to be delivered in terms of a contract with a customer qualifies as a performance obligation if the good or service is “distinct”. In this context a good or service is distinct if:
Determine the transaction priceIn most cases the transaction price to be paid will be stipulated in the contract and quite easy to calculate; however certain circumstances require that a transaction price should be estimated by other methods. Firstly, an entity has to measure the amount of non-cash consideration in a contract in terms of IFRS 13: fair value measurement. Secondly, a contract can have variable consideration (for example, the transaction price is subject to settlement discount should the client pay within a certain time frame). In this case, the transaction price can be calculated by two methods:
Both of the above-mentioned are estimates, and should the estimates change, the entity will apply the change prospectively in terms of the criteria of IAS 8. Lastly IFRS 15 requires that the entity should test for the existence of a “significant financing component” in the contract, this will occur if: “the timing of payments agreed by the parties to the contract provides the customer or the entity with a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customer”[6] If the above-mentioned is applicable, the transaction price will be adjusted to eliminate the effect of this benefit. This is simply done by calculating the net present value of the payments (if the satisfaction of performance obligations is prior to the payment date), or by calculating the net future value (if the payment date is prior to the satisfaction of performance obligations). The difference (between the amount recognized after adjustment for a significant financing component and amount of consideration to be received) is simply recognized as interest income/ expense in terms of the accrual basis of accounting as mentioned in IAS 1.[4] Recognize revenue as the performance obligations fulfilledAn entity can recognize revenue when performance obligations have been settled, a performance obligation has been settled when the customer has received all the benefits associated with the performance obligation, and is able to use and enjoy the asset to his or her own discretion.[8] Performance obligations settled over timeThe performance obligations will be settled in the measure of progress towards completion, the measure of progress can be either based on the inputs (in the case of manufactured goods), or the output method.[8] Recognition of a contract assetIFRS 15 introduced a new accounting term: contract asset. It is an asset corresponding to accrued revenue when the payment from a customer is conditional not only on the passage of time and hence a typical trade receivable cannot be recognised.[9] Effective dateIFRS 15, as amended, is effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The FASB’s standard (ASC 606) is effective for public entities for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (nonpublic companies have an additional year).[10][11] References1. ^{{cite web|title=IASB confirms deferral of effective date by issuing formal amendment to the revenue Standard|url=http://www.ifrs.org/Alerts/PressRelease/Pages/IASB-confirms-deferral-of-effective-date-by-issuing-formal-amendment-to-the-revenue-Standard.aspx|publisher=IFRS Foundation}} {{International Financial Reporting Standards}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=IASB and FASB issue new revenue recognition standard — IFRS 15|url=http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-Devel80-Revenue-May2014/$File/EY-Devel80-Revenue-May2014.pdf|publisher=Ernst & Young|accessdate=2014-09-01|date=May 2014}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=IASB and FASB issue converged Standard on revenue recognition|date=28 May 2014|publisher=IASB|url=http://www.ifrs.org/Alerts/ProjectUpdate/Pages/IASB-and-FASB-issue-converged-Standard-on-revenue-recognition-May-2014.aspx|accessdate=2014-09-01}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=IASB and AccountingFASB issue new, converged revenue standards|url=http://www.iasplus.com/en/news/2014/05/ifrs-15|publisher=Deloitte|accessdate=2014-09-01|date=28 May 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=First Impressions: Revenue from contracts with customers|url=https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/04/first-impressions-revenue-IFRS15-apr16.pdf|publisher=KPMG|date=April 2016|accessdate=2018-12-09}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Introduction to IFRS|last=Koppeschaar|first=ZR|publisher=LexisNexis|year=2015|isbn=9780409118445|location=Durban|pages=290–311}} 7. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Applying_IFRS:_A_closer_look_at_the_new_revenue_recognition_standard_(June_2014)/$FILE/Applying-Rev-June2014.pdf|title=A closer look at the new revenue recognition standard|last=Ernest and young|first=|date=1 June 2015|website=Ernst and young|publisher=Ernst and young|access-date=6 June 2016}} 8. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Guide through IFRS|last=IFRS|first=|publisher=SAICA|year=2015|isbn=9780409121001|location=London|pages=763–824}} 9. ^{{cite web|title= IFRS 15: Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities|url= https://ifrscommunity.com/knowledge-base/ifrs-15-contract-assets-and-contract-liabilities/|publisher=IFRScommunity.com|accessdate=2019-02-21}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwc.com/us/en/cfodirect/publications/in-brief/fasb-one-year-deferral-new-revenue-standard-606.html|title=In brief: FASB finalizes one-year deferral of the new revenue standard|last=PricewaterhouseCoopers|website=PwC|access-date=2016-05-18}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwc.com/us/en/cfodirect/publications/in-brief/principal-vs-agent-new-revenue-standard-606.html|title=In brief: IASB proposes changes to revenue standard - more FASB proposals coming soon|last=PricewaterhouseCoopers|website=PwC|access-date=2016-05-18}} 2 : International Financial Reporting Standards|Revenue |
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