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词条 Rostov Oblast
释义

  1. Geography

     Rivers and lakes 

  2. Administrative divisions

  3. Demographics

     Religion 

  4. Attractions

     Theatres 

  5. Museums

     In Rostov-on-Don  In other cities of the region 

  6. Economy

  7. Culture

  8. References

     Sources 

  9. External links

{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}{{Missing information|article|the climate and culture of the oblast|date=March 2019}}{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Rostov Oblast
|ru_name=Ростовская область
|image_map=Map of Russia - Rostov Oblast.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|47|52|N|41|11|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Rostov Oblast.svg
|coa_caption=Coat of arms
|image_flag=Flag of Rostov Oblast.svg
|flag_caption=Flag
|anthem=Anthem of Rostov Oblast (The Orthodox Quiet Don)
|anthem_ref=[1]
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Oblast
|political_status_link=Oblasts of Russia
|federal_district=Southern
|economic_region=North Caucasus
|adm_ctr_type=Administrative center
|adm_ctr_name=Rostov-on-Don
|adm_ctr_ref=[2]
|pop_2010census=4277976
|pop_2010census_rank=6th
|urban_pop_2010census=67.2%
|rural_pop_2010census=32.8%
|pop_2010census_ref=[3]
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest=4254600
|pop_latest_date=January 2013
|pop_latest_ref=[3]
|area_km2=100800
|area_km2_rank=32nd
|established_date=September 13, 1937
|established_date_ref=[4]
|license_plates=61, 161
|ISO=RU-ROS
|gov_as_of=July 2014
|leader_title=Governor
|leader_title_ref=[5]
|leader_name=Vasily Golubev
|leader_name_ref=[6]
|legislature=Legislative Assembly
|legislature_ref[5]
|website=http://www.donland.ru/
|website_ref
|date=August 2014
}}

Rostov Oblast ({{lang-rus|Росто́вская о́бласть|r=Rostovskaya oblast|p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ}}) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of {{convert|100800|km2|sp=us}} and a population of 4,277,976 (2010 Census),[7] making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.

Geography

{{Expand section|date=March 2019}}

Rostov Oblast borders Ukraine and also Volgograd and Voronezh Oblasts in the north, Krasnodar and Stavropol Krais in the south, and the Republic of Kalmykia in the east.

It is within the Russian Southern Federal District.

Rivers and lakes

The Don River, one of Europe's largest rivers, flows through the oblast for part of its course. Lakes cover only 0.4% of the oblast's area.

Administrative divisions

{{Main|Administrative divisions of Rostov Oblast}}

It was formed in 1937 out of the Azov-Black Sea Krai.

Demographics

Population: {{ru-census|p2010=4,277,976|p2002=4,404,013|p1989=4,308,654}}

Vital statistics for 2012
  • Births: 49 715 (11.7 per 1000)
  • Deaths: 59 376 (14.0 per 1000) [8]
  • Total fertility rate:[9]

2009 - 1.38 | 2010 - 1.38 | 2011 - 1.39 | 2012 - 1.51 | 2013 - 1.52 | 2014 - 1.61 | 2015 - 1.63 | 2016 - 1.60(e)

Ethnic groups: Residents identified themselves as belonging to 157 different ethnic groups, including twenty-seven of more than two thousand persons each. The most important ethnicities are[7] the 3,795,607 ethnic Russians (90.3%); the 77,802 ethnic Ukrainians (1.9%); the 110,727 ethnic Armenians (2.6%). Other important groups are the 35,902 Turks (0.9%); 16,493 Belarusians (0.4%)); 13,948 Tatars (0.3%); 17,961 Azeris (0.4%); 11,449 Chechens (0.3%); 16,657 Roma (0.4%); 11,597 Koreans (0.3%); 8,296 Georgians (0.2%), and 2,040 Assyrians (.05%). There were also 76,498 people (1.8%) belonging to other ethno-cultural groupings. 76,735 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[10]

Religion

{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Rostov Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[11][12]
|float=right
|bars={{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|49.5}}{{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|0.8}}{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|6}}{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|1.1}}{{Bar percent|Rodnovery and other native faiths|Red|0.5}}{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|25.5}}{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|11.6}}{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|5}}
}}

According to a 2012 survey[11] 49.5% of the population of Rostov Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to church or are members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox bodies, 1% are Muslims, and 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) movement. In addition, 26% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 12% is atheist, and 3.5% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[11]

The Ascension Cathedral is the largest Russian Orthodox church in Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russia. It used to be one of the largest churches of the Russian Empire and the main church of the Don Host Province.

The five-domed building, which stands 75 meters tall, is a notable example of the Russian Neo-Byzantine architecture. It was erected between 1891 and 1904 on the site of an earlier church. The first church on the site was built to Luigi Rusca's designs. It collapsed in 1846. A replacement church collapsed 17 years later.[13]

Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin ― one of the oldest churches in Rostov-on-Don. For a considerable period of time Intercession Church served as the principal church not only for the fortress of St. Dimitry of Rostov, but also for people of local settlements. Since the end of the 18th century Church of Intercession had been considered to be a cathedral. The status changed in 1822, when Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the decree of the Holy Synod was declared cathedral.

{{clear}}

Attractions

The region is 8057 of objects of archaeological heritage of Federal importance. These include lower-Gnilovskaya a settlement and a necropolis, fragments of the walls of the Genoese fortress of the 14th century, the archaeological Museum-reserve "Tanais", many burial Mounds and necropolises.

Since 2002, in the Rostov region are the country's only racing on tractors "bison-Track-Show". In a unique competition brings together machine operators of agricultural enterprises of Russia and abroad. In the past the race on tractors have become a real sports holiday of workers of agriculture.

Theatres

  • Rostov academic drama theatre named after Maxim Gorky.
  • Rostov State Musical Theater . The theater opened in September 1999, and is the successor to the 1919 Rostov Musical Comedy Theater, one of the best operetta theaters in the Soviet Union.

The theater has two stages as well as a music and entertainment center, and hosts about 300 performances and concerts annually, as well as various forums and festivals. Its repertoire encompasses both musical traditions, as well as experiments in the field of contemporary art.

  • Rostov state puppet theatre.
  • Rostov regional academic youth theatre (former Rostov theatre for young spectators).
  • Taganrog Theatre. The Taganrog Theater was established in 1827 by governor Alexander Dunaev. The theater was subsidized by the Taganrog's City Council since 1828, and its first director was Alexander Gor. The first group of Russian drama artists was directed by Perovsky and toured around the region, giving performances in Rostov on Don, Novocherkassk, Bahmut. The repertoire consisted mainly of dramas, melodramas and vaudevilles. In 1874, the Taganrog Municipality acquired the theater building by the purchase of its stocks.
  • Don theatre of drama and Comedy V. F. Komissarzhevskaya (the Cossack drama theatre) Novocherkassk.
  • Shakhty drama theatre, Shakhty.
  • Novoshakhtinskiy drama theatre, Novoshakhtinsk.

Museums

In Rostov-on-Don

  • Rostov Regional Museum of Local History.
  • Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts.
  • Museum of Contemporary Art at Dmitrovskaya.
  • Museum of Russian-Armenian Friendship.
  • Museum of North Caucasus Railway. The first museum of history of North Caucasus Railway opened on 4 November 1960 in a Community Center of railwaymen at Rostov-Glavny station. Permanent exposition includes: information boards about famous North Caucasus railwaymen, model trains on a scale 1:15, uniform, cases, panoramas, implements of various times. The exhibition covers the period from emergence of rail transport in the region up to the present moment. The various collections from the Russian Civil War and the Great Patriotic War, now exceed 12,000 objects in the main fund.[14]
  • Center for Contemporary Art "Tobacco Factory".

In other cities of the region

  • Archaeological museum-reserve "Tanais", Nedvigovka.
  • Taganrog military museum, Taganrog. The start of museum exhibition creation refers to May 9, 2004, when the club Auto-Retro Taganrog was founded. Subsequently, several vehicle units were purchased and repaired. In 2008, club activity concept got military direction. On May 6, 2010, permanent exhibition consisting of several thousands of exhibits was opened. In July 2012, the name Taganrog military museum got official status.
  • Novocherkassk Museum of the History of the Don Cossacks, Novocherkassk.
  • Azov History, Archaeology and Paleontology Museum-Reserve, Azov. The bulk of the museum is located in the three-story building erected in 1892 which belonged to the former town council, there are 22 rooms. The symbol of the museum is the skeleton of a Trogontherium mammoth that existed 800-600 thousand years ago in the interglacial period. This is the world’s unique skeleton with the whole skull. The museum's areas: permanent exhibitions - 2852 m², temporary exhibitions - 580 m², storage facilities - 1896 m², park (open air) - 7.13 hectares. 
  • Salsk Art Museum named after People's Artist VK Nechitailo, Salsk.
  • Volgodonsk Art Museum, Volgodonsk.
  • Volgodonsk Ecological and Historical Museum, Volgodonsk.
  • Gukovo Museum of Mining Work, Gukovo.
  • Razdorsk Ethnographic Museum-Reserve, the camp. Razdorskaya.
  • House-Museum of S. Budyonny, Stan. Budennovskaya.
  • The State Museum-Reserve of MA Sholokhov, St. Veshenskaya.
  • Aksai Military History Museum, Aksay.
  • Shakhty Museum of Local History, Shakhty

Economy

Major industries of Rostov Oblast are agriculture, agricultural industry, food processing, heavy industry, coal and automobile manufacture.[15]

The largest companies in the region include Novoshakhtinsk Petrochemical Plant, Gloria Jeans Corp., Rostvertol, Oil-extracting factory "Yug Rusi", North Caucasian Railway.[16]

Culture

{{See also|Music in Rostov Oblast}}

References

1. ^Law #30-ZS
2. ^Charter of Rostov Oblast, Article 14
3. ^Rostov Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения Ростовской области на 1 января 2013 года {{ru icon}}
4. ^Charter of Rostov Oblast, Article 13
5. ^1 Charter of Rostov Oblast, Article 27
6. ^Official website of Rostov Oblast. Vasily Yuryevich Golubev, Governor of Rostov Oblast {{ru icon}}
7. ^1 2 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm|title=Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации|author=|date=|website=www.gks.ru}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312|title=Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики|author=|date=|website=www.gks.ru}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936|title=ВПН-2010|author=|date=|website=www.perepis-2010.ru}}
11. ^1 2 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
12. ^2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://rostoveparhia.ru/istorija/kafedralnye-sobory/voznesenskii-kafedralnyi-sobor-g-novocherkassk-|title=История - Официальный сайт Ростовской и Новочеркасской епархии|author=|date=|website=rostoveparhia.ru}}
14. ^{{cite web|url =https://localway.ru/krasnodar/poi/muzey_istorii_severo_kavkazskoy_zheleznoy_dorogi_304307|title =Музей истории Северо-Кавказской железной дороги|publisher = Localway|accessdate = 2017-08-12|language = ru}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://invest-don.com/en/promyshlennost_regiona/|title=Industry of the region|last=|first=|date=|website=invest-don.com/en/promyshlennost_regiona|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
16. ^{{cite web |title=Rostov region Industries |url=https://www.investinregions.ru/en/regions/rostov/industries/ |website=investinregions.ru |accessdate=7 November 2018 |language=en}}

Sources

  • {{RussiaBasicLawRef|ros}}
  • {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Глава Администрации Ростовской области
|ru_type=Областной Закон
|ru_number=30-ЗС
|ru_date=10 октября 1996 г.
|ru_title=О гимне Ростовской области
|ru_effective_date=с момента опубликования (31 октября 1996 г.)
|ru_published_in="Наше время", №196
|ru_published_date=31 октября 1996 г
|ru_url=
|en_entity=Head of the Administration of Rostov Oblast
|en_type=Oblast Law
|en_number=30-ZS
|en_date=October 10, 1996
|en_title=On the Anthem of Rostov Oblast
|en_effective_date=the moment of publication (October 31, 1996)
|en_url=
}}

External links

{{Commons category|Rostov Oblast}}
  • Official website of Rostov Oblast {{ru icon}}
  • Russian South. News and events of Rostov Oblast
  • Official Tourism Portal of Rostov Oblast
  • Official Tourism Portal of Rostov Oblast {{ru icon}}
  • Central Eurasian Information Resource: Images of Rostov Oblast - University of Washington Digital Collection {{en icon}}
{{Subdivisions of Russia}}{{Authority control}}{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2014}}

5 : 1937 establishments in Russia|History of the Don Cossacks|Rostov Oblast|States and territories established in 1937|Southern Federal District
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