| 词条 | Ikarus Meteor | |||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Ikarus Meteor is a long-span, all-metal sailplane designed and built in Yugoslavia in the 1950s. It competed in World Gliding Championships (WGC) between 1956 and 1968 and was placed fourth in 1956; it also set new triangular-course world speed records. Design and developmentThe Meteor was designed by the same duo, Boris Cijan and Stanko Obad, who had produced the Orao glider which had achieved third place in the 1950 WGC. They were aided by Miho Mazovec and generously funded by the Yugoslav government. The result was "... without doubt the most advanced sailplane of its time."[1] In 1955 almost all gliders had wooden structures, with perhaps a few unstressed GRP parts; in contrast the Meteor was all-metal, with a large, 20 m (65 ft 7 in) span and an aspect ratio of 25, values beyond the reach of wood. The optimum glide ratio of greater than 40:1 was good, but the high inter-thermal glide speed was exceptional.[1] The Meteor was one of a group of mid-1950s gliders to use the NACA 6 series laminar flow airfoil first adopted by the Ross-Johnson RJ-5, which required careful attention to profile control and surface finish. In plan the wings are straight tapered with unswept leading edges and forward sweep on the trailing edge. The wing tips carries small, elongated bodies termed "salmons" to dampen tip vortices, as on the slightly earlier Bréguet Mouette and has a constant 2° of dihedral. Completely metal-skinned, the wing is built around a box spar within which the thickened skin is internally stiffened with span-wise stringers. The whole trailing edge carries control surfaces; the outer quarter with conventional ailerons, and the rest roughly equally divided between narrower inboard ailerons which droop together when the final inboard section of camber changing flaps are depressed through as much as 20° for low speed flight. These flaps can be raised by 11°, reducing the camber for high speed flight. Schempp-Hirth type airbrakes are fitted at mid-chord, just aft of the box spar at about one third span.[1][2] The Meteor has a pod-and-boom style fuselage, with a long, single-piece canopy above the upper fuselage line, forward of the wing, under which the pilot sits in a reclined position. The under-wing, retractable monowheel undercarriage is assisted by a short, retractable, forward skid. Retraction is manual; there is a wheel brake. Behind the wing the fuselage has a circular cross-section. There is a long, shallow fillet or sub fin between fuselage and fin, both straight edged, and both rudder and fin extend well below the lower fuselage line to form a tail bumper. The rudder is horn balanced. Later revisions slightly increased rudder area. The high aspect ratio, straight tapered tailplane is mounted above the fuselage on the fillet forward of the fin's leading edge. The elevators are also aerodynamically balanced and originally carried a ground adjustable trim tab, later removed.[1][2] Operational historyThe Meteor was competitively long lived; its first WGC was in 1956 and its last in 1968. During that time glider construction moved decisively from wood to composites, but the open class metal Meteor was not out-classed.[1] It was fourth in 1956[1] and 1958,[2] fifth in 1965 and competed again in 1968,[1] though only placed 27th.[3] In 1958 the Meteor established two new international closed circuit speed records over 100 km and 300 km.[1] Meteor 57 appears on the Croatian civil register in 2010.[4] Meteor 60 YU-4103 is under reconstruction at the Museum of Aviation (Belgrade) in Serbia but is not on public display.[5] Variants
Specifications (Meteor 60){{Aircraft specs|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1960-61[2] The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde[6] |prime units?=met
|minimum control speed kmh= |minimum control speed mph= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |ceiling note= |g limits=+4 +1 at {{convert|252|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|0}} +5 at {{convert|153|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|0}} -2.5 at {{convert|144|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|0}} |roll rate= |glide ratio=40:1 at {{convert|90|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|0}} |sink rate ms=0.60 |sink rate note= best |lift to drag= |wing loading kg/m2=31.5 |wing loading note= |more performance= }} See also{{aircontent|see also= |related= |similar aircraft=Slingsby Skylark 3 |lists= }} Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1945-1965 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition=2nd revised |year=2006|publisher= EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH|location=Königswinter |isbn=3 9807977 4 0|pages=182}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1960-61|last= Taylor |first= John W R |edition= |year=1960|publisher= Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd|location= London|isbn=|page=411 }} 3. ^{{cite journal |last= |first= |authorlink= |date=August–September 1968 |title=Final results WGC 1968|journal=Sailplane & Gliding|volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=294 |id= |url= http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/Sailplane%20&%20Gliding%201961%20to%201970/Volume%2019%20No%204%20Aug-Sept%201968.pdf |accessdate= |quote= }} 4. ^{{cite book |title=European registers handbook 2010 |last= Partington |first=Dave |edition= |year=2010|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|location= |isbn=978-0-85130-425-0|page=526}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe |last= Ogden |first=Bob |edition= |year=2009|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|location= |isbn=978 0 85130 418 2}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Shenstone|first=B.S.|title=The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde|year=1958|publisher=Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue|location=Zurich|pages=9–13|edition=1st |author2=K.G. Wilkinson |author3=Peter Brooks|language=English, French, German}} References
External links{{commons category|Ikarus aircraft}}
1 : Yugoslavian sailplanes 1950–1959 |
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