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词条 Rothesay
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. History

     Duke of Rothesay 

  3. Rothesay Post 2000

  4. Culture

     Sport  Education 

  5. Notable people

  6. Climate

  7. Gallery

  8. References

     Notes  Bibliography 

  9. External links

{{About|the town in Scotland|the town in Canada|Rothesay, New Brunswick|other uses}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}{{Infobox UK place
|gaelic_name = Baile Bhòid
|official_name = Rothesay
|static_image_name = Rothesay Pier - geograph.org.uk - 31029.jpg
|static_image_caption = Rothesay Pier.
|static_image_width = 200px
|population = 4,850
|population_ref =
|shire_district = Argyllshire
|unitary_scotland = Argyll and Bute
|lieutenancy_scotland = Argyll and Bute
|constituency_westminster = Argyll and Bute
|constituency_scottish_parliament = Argyll and Bute
|country = Scotland
|sovereign_state =
|coordinates = {{coord|55.835963|-5.0557930|region:GB_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|os_grid_reference = NS 08737 64529
|map_type =
|post_town = ISLE OF BUTE
|postcode_area = PA
|postcode_district = PA20
|dial_code = 01700
|edinburgh_distance_mi =
|london_distance_mi =
|website =
|hide_services = yes
}}

Rothesay {{IPAc-en|audio=Rothesay.ogg|ˈ|r|ɒ|θ|.|s|i}} ({{lang-gd|Baile Bhòid}}) is the principal town on the Isle of Bute, in the council area of Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It can be reached by ferry from Wemyss Bay which offers an onward rail link to Glasgow. At the centre of the town is Rothesay Castle, a ruined castle which dates back to the 13th century, and which is unique in Scotland for its circular plan. Rothesay lies along the coast of the Firth of Clyde.

Etymology

In modern Scottish Gaelic Rothesay is known as Baile Bhòid meaning "town of Bute".[1] The English language name, described as "Rothersay" in 1321, "Rosay" c. 1400 and "Rothissaye" about 1500 originally referred to the castle. This structure had a moat connected to the sea and the name may have originally meant "Rother's Isle" (Old Norse -ey meaning "isle") or be a corruption of the Gaelic rath meaning "fort".[2][3][4]

History

The old town centred around Rothesay Castle, which dates from the 13th century. Long-ruinous it is nevertheless picturesque, and formed a focal point for tourists from the beginning of its evolution into a seaside resort.[5]

Rothesay was the county town in the civil parish of Rothesay in county of Bute, which included the islands of Great Cumbrae, Little Cumbrae and Arran. The county buildings, now partially closed down, overlook the castle.

During the Victorian era, Rothesay developed as a popular tourist destination. It became hugely popular with Glaswegians going "doon the watter" (lit: down the water, where the 'water' in question is the Firth of Clyde), and its wooden pier was once much busier with steamer traffic than it is today. Rothesay was also the location of one of Scotland's many hydropathic establishments during the 19th century boom years of the Hydropathy movement.[6][7] The town also had an electric tramway - the Rothesay and Ettrick Bay Light Railway - which stretched across the island to one of its largest beaches. However, this closed in the mid-1930s. The centre of activities was the Winter Gardens building (built 1923) which played host to some of the best known music hall entertainers of the day.

During World War II Rothesay Bay was the home port of {{HMS|Cyclops|F31|6}}, the depot ship for the 7th Submarine Flotilla. HMS Cyclops and the 7th Submarine Flotilla served as the training facility for virtually all British submariners who saw service during the war.[8] The Officer Concentration Station Rothsay was located here in 1941-1942.

The war memorial (1922) is by Pilkington Jackson.

The Bauhaus-inspired Rothesay Pavilion of 1938, is designed by the Ayr architect, James Carrick. It is a major landmark on the seafront.

From the 1960s onwards, with the advent of cheap foreign package holidays, Rothesay's heyday was largely over. The Winter Gardens closed and lay derelict for many years. However, in the 1990s, it was redeveloped and is now a tourist information and exhibition centre.

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Duke of Rothesay

The heir to the British throne (now Charles, Prince of Wales) is known in Scotland as the Duke of Rothesay. This practice was begun by Robert III, who regularly resided at Rothesay Castle, and first granted the title to his son David in 1398. At that time, Rothesay was the name used for the island rather than the town (which was known as Bute-town). The isle (with Arran) had been under the control of the Stewart family since Robert III's great-grandfather Alexander Stewart was assigned it by the then king (after its transfer from Norway); when Alexander Stewart's grandson, Robert's father, inherited the throne from his mother, it became the property of the crown.

The title has subsequently always been given to the heir of the Scottish throne; after the Union of the Crowns, in 1603, this became the heir to the British throne. Unlike the equivalent English title of Duke of Cornwall, there is no land attached in the form of a Duchy. Control of the land had been handed to Robert III's half-brother, and the latter's descendants, who acquired the title Marquess of Bute in the 18th century; the Marquess remains the main landowner on the island, and has his principal seat, Mount Stuart, a few miles to the south.

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Rothesay Post 2000

Rothesay is no longer the seaside town it used to be, with more tourists going to warmer countries such as Spain.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} However, since the recession tourist numbers have increased.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} Rothesay was granted a multimillion-pound harbour development project just in time for an arrival of the next generation lower firth ferries Argyle and Bute.

In August 2018, Donald Campbell{{'}}s Bluebird held trials on Loch Fad. It was the first time back in the water since it was recovered from Coniston Water in the Lake District.[9]

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Culture

Rothesay has hosted the National Mòd twice: in 1908 and 1952.[10]

Sport

The most successful sporting club on the island is Bute Shinty Club which has played at the highest level of the sport (the Marine Harvest Premier League). In 2006 Bute won promotion to the Premier League by winning the South Division One. Bute are also multiple winners of the Balliemore Cup.

The town has an amateur football club called Rothesay Brandane A.F.C. (nicknamed "The Danes"[11]) which was founded in 1946.[12] They played in the Scottish Amateur Football League starting in 1947; they reached the semi-final of the Scottish Amateur Cup in 1948–49[12] and won the league in both 1963-64 and 2000-01 seasons.[13] In 2004 they transferred to the Caledonian Amateur Football League Division 2 and currently play in Division 1 after winning promotion after the 2007-08 season.[14] They also had an under-15 youth team called Rothesay Brandane Rovers. Bute Rangers F.C. were a separate football club from the town which competed in the Scottish Cup in the 19th century.

Bute County Cricket Club plays in the Western District Cricket Union Championship.

The island has three golf courses, one of which is situated on the outskirts of the town, the 18-hole Rothesay Golf Club, another, the 9 hole Bute Golf Course, near the sands of Stravannan Bay on the west coast of the island, and the other, the rather unusual, 13 hole Port Bannatyne Golf Club, situated on the hills behind the village. There are also two putting greens on the town's seafront.

The town hosts the High School of Glasgow rugby camp every summer.

For Bowling enthusists Bute boasts four Greens, Ardbeg, Craigmore, Kingarth & Rothesay, and of those, the oldest being Rothesay with Rothesay Bowling Club formed in the 1860s.

Apart from all the local club competitions, the Bute Bowling Association runs an open tournament each August

open to both Ladies and Gentlemen, now in its 57th year (2014)

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Education

There are currently three primary schools; St Andrews Primary, Rothesay Primary School, North Bute Primary and one secondary school, Rothesay Academy, in the town. In 2007 a joint campus school was opened merging Rothesay Primary with Rothesay Academy.

Rothesay Academy has now closed in favour of the joint campus school.

{{clear}}

Notable people

{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
  • Prof Eleanor Campbell FRSE FRS FRSC FInstP, scientist in physical chemistry
  • Nathanael Chalmers explorer
  • Johnny Dumfries, former Formula One racing driver and current Marquess of Bute[15]
  • Thomas Gillies, New Zealand lawyer, judge and politician[16]
  • George Leslie Hunter, the colourist painter[17]
  • Ian Jenkins (politician)
  • Ashley Lilley, actor, Ali in Mamma Mia[18]
  • Angela Haggerty, journalist and social commentator
  • Sir William Macewen, pioneer of brain surgery[19]
  • Jim McAlister, footballer (Greenock Morton F.C., Dundee F.C. and Blackpool F.C.)[20]
  • John McIndoe (printer)
  • Billy McIsaac, keyboardist in Slik, PVC2 and The Zones
  • Sheina Marshall zoologist
  • Troy Kennedy Martin writer of Z-Cars
  • Peter Monie civil servant
  • Jane Ross, Scottish international footballer, and reserve forward for Team GB's squad for the London 2012 Olympic Games[21]
  • Prof Martin Smellie FRSE (1927-1988) biochemist
  • John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, First Scottish Prime Minister of Great Britain is buried in St Mary's Chapel, Rothesay.
  • John Tiffin Stewart civil engineer
  • Matthew Stewart (mathematician)
  • John McLean Thompson, botanist
  • Sir Graham Watson, Liberal Democrat politician and Member of the European Parliament[22]
  • Lena Zavaroni, singer and child star[23]
{{colend}}

Climate

As with the rest of the British Isles and Scotland, Rothesay experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. Given its island location, the risk of severe frost is negated by the surrounding waters. Temperature extremes range from {{convert|28.5|C|F}} during August 1975,[24] down to {{convert|-8.4|C|F}} during January 1982.[25]

{{Weather box|location = Bute-Rothesay 43m asl, 1971-2000, Extremes 1960-
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 14.0
|Feb record high C = 14.6
|Mar record high C = 16.6
|Apr record high C = 22.6
|May record high C = 25.5
|Jun record high C = 28.1
|Jul record high C = 28.0
|Aug record high C = 28.5
|Sep record high C = 25.0
|Oct record high C = 21.0
|Nov record high C = 16.8
|Dec record high C = 14.4
|year record high C = 28.5
|Jan high C = 6.8
|Feb high C = 7.0
|Mar high C = 8.7
|Apr high C = 11.3
|May high C = 14.6
|Jun high C = 16.7
|Jul high C = 18.4
|Aug high C = 18.1
|Sep high C = 15.5
|Oct high C = 12.5
|Nov high C = 9.2
|Dec high C = 7.6
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 2.2
|Feb low C = 2.3
|Mar low C = 3.1
|Apr low C = 4.4
|May low C = 6.8
|Jun low C = 9.1
|Jul low C = 11.2
|Aug low C = 11.2
|Sep low C = 9.4
|Oct low C = 7.1
|Nov low C = 4.4
|Dec low C = 3.1
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = −8.4
|Feb record low C = −5.6
|Mar record low C = −4.5
|Apr record low C = −4.4
|May record low C = −1.6
|Jun record low C = 2.0
|Jul record low C = 3.9
|Aug record low C = 4.4
|Sep record low C = 1.0
|Oct record low C = -1.9
|Nov record low C = −2.5
|Dec record low C = −5.0
|year record low C = −8.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 153.22
|Feb precipitation mm = 109.62
|Mar precipitation mm = 127.56
|Apr precipitation mm = 74.62
|May precipitation mm = 66.89
|Jun precipitation mm = 76.25
|Jul precipitation mm = 96.21
|Aug precipitation mm = 113.17
|Sep precipitation mm = 143.79
|Oct precipitation mm = 158.51
|Nov precipitation mm = 147.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 156.02
|year precipitation mm = 1415.62
|source 1 = Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute/KNMI[26]
|date=November 2011}}

Gallery

{{Gallery
| title = Rothesay
| width = 200
| height = 200
| lines = 4
| align = center
| File:Rothesay (269966214).jpg|Rothesay (269966214)
| File:Rothesay harbour - geograph.org.uk - 1491302.jpg|Rothesay harbour - geograph.org.uk - 1491302
| File:Rothesay gardens - geograph.org.uk - 799343.jpg|Rothesay gardens - geograph.org.uk - 799343
| File:Rothesay Isle Of Bute - panoramio.jpg|Rothesay Isle Of Bute - panoramio
| File:Scotland Rothesay bordercropped.jpeg|The sea front at Rothesay
}}

References

Notes

1. ^Watson (1926) pp. 95-96
2. ^Johnston (1892)
3. ^{{Gaelic Placenames}}
4. ^Coventry (2008) p. 545
5. ^Scottish Seaside Towns, by Brian Edwards {{ISBN|0-563-20452-4}}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bradley|first=James|last2=Dupree|first2=Mageurite|last3=Durie|first3=Alastair|title=Taking the Water Cure: The Hydropathic Movement in Scotland, 1840-1940|journal=Business and Economic History|volume=26|issue=2|page=429|year=1997|url=http://www.h-net.org/~business/bhcweb/publications/BEHprint/v026n2/p0426-p0437.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429031753/http://www.h-net.org/~business/bhcweb/publications/BEHprint/v026n2/p0426-p0437.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=29 April 2005|accessdate=17 November 2009|df=}}
7. ^{{cite web| last=Shifrin| first=Malcolm | title=Victorian Turkish Baths Directory |work=Victorian Turkish Baths: Their origin, development, and gradual decline |date=3 October 2008| url=http://www.victorianturkishbath.org/6DIRECTORY/ListBodies/HydroSF.htm |accessdate=12 December 2009}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bute-at-war.org/|title=Bute during World War II|publisher=}}
9. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-45068703| title=Donald Campbell's Bluebird hydroplane returns to water| publisher=BBC News| date=4 August 2018| accessdate=18 August 2018}}
10. ^List of Mod's places for each year on Sabhal Mòr Ostaig website
11. ^{{cite book|author= Ian Crofton | title=A Dictionary of Scottish Phrase and Fable | date=2012 | publisher=Birlinn | place=Edinburgh | page=512 | url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Zqq8BQAAQBAJ | isbn=978-1-8415-8977-0 | quote=The Danes Rothesay Brandane (an abbreviation of BRANDANE)}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.butesonsanddaughters.co.uk/brandanesfc.shtml|title=Rothesay Brandane Football Club|first=John|last=Polea|access-date=10 March 2017}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=Nostalgia: Rothesay Brandane’s title win - 15 years ago this week|url=http://www.buteman.co.uk/news/nostalgia-rothesay-brandane-s-title-win-15-years-ago-this-week-1-4104468|date=23 April 2016|access-date=5 March 2017|newspaper=The Buteman|location=Rothesay}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Brandanes' promotion is signed and sealed|url=http://www.buteman.co.uk/sport/brandanes-promotion-is-signed-and-sealed-1-368753|date=22 May 2008|access-date=5 March 2017|newspaper=The Buteman|location=Rothesay}}
15. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p5023.htm#i50225| title=John Colum Crichton-Stuart| publisher=The Peerage| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1g9/gillies-thomas-bannatyne| title=Gillies, Thomas Bannatyne| publisher=Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 30 October 2012| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
17. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst1073.html| title=(George) Leslie Hunter| publisher=Gazetteer for Scotland| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2684288/bio| title=Biography for Ashley Lilley| publisher=Internet Movie Database| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
19. ^{{cite journal| url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34720| author=Iain F. Russell| title=Macewen, Sir William (1848–1924)| journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography| year=2004| accessdate=16 March 2013| doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/34720}}
20. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.dundeefc.co.uk/profile.asp?p=JIM-MCALISTER&playerid=1056| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175810/http://www.dundeefc.co.uk/profile.asp?p=JIM-MCALISTER&playerid=1056| dead-url=yes| archive-date=12 December 2013| title=Jim McAlister| publisher=Dundee FC| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/football_player_profile.cfm?page=2492&playerID=41219&squadID=2| title=Jane Ross| publisher=Scottish Football| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
22. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/2155/GRAHAM_WATSON.html| title=Sir Graham WATSON| publisher=European Parliament| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
23. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/463512.stm| title=Child star Lena dies at 35 | publisher=BBC News| date=2 October 1999| accessdate=16 March 2013}}
24. ^{{cite web | publisher = KNMI | url= http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1975&indexid=TXx&stationid=1875 | title = 1975 temperature}}
25. ^{{cite web | publisher = KNMI | url= http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1982&indexid=TNn&stationid=1875 | title = 1982 temperature}}
26. ^{{cite web| url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=RR&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-798809.523809&miny=-4222857.142857&maxx=67857.142858&maxy=-3572857.142857&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=290&mainmap.y=222&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom | title = Averages for Bute | publisher = KNMI | language = }}

Bibliography

  • Coventry, Martin (2008) Castles of the Clans. Musselburgh. Goblinshead. {{ISBN|9781899874361}}
  • Johnston, James B (1892) [https://archive.org/stream/placenamesofscot00johnuoft/placenamesofscot00johnuoft_djvu.txt “Place-Names Of Scotland” ]. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Archive.org. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  • Watson, W. J. (2004) The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland. Edinburgh. Birlinn. {{ISBN|1-84158-323-5}}. First published 1926.

External links

{{commons category|Rothesay, Isle of Bute|Rothesay}}{{oscoor gbx|NS 08737 64529}}
  • National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE (selection of archive films about Rothesay)
  • Bute at War Rothesay's role during World War II as the home port of HMS Cyclops and the 7th Submarine Flotilla.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rothesay, Argyll And Bute}}{{Portal bar|Scotland}}{{Authority control}}

6 : Rothesay, Bute|Towns in Argyll and Bute|Burial sites of the Stuart of Bute family|Firth of Clyde|Marinas in Scotland|Isle of Bute
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