“Ilya Somin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

He is the author of Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government Is Smarter,^[5] and A Conspiracy Against Obamacare: The Volokh Conspiracy and the Health Care Case (co-authored with other Volokh Conspiracy bloggers).^[6] A revised and expanded second edition of Democracy and Political Ignorance came out in June 2016.^[7] He is also the author of two books about property rights and eminent domain: The Grasping Hand: "Kelo v. City of New London" and the Limits of Eminent Domain (University of Chicago Press, revised edition, 2016), a book on the topic of eminent domain, takings and the US Supreme Court's controversial decision in Kelo v. City of New London,^[8] and [https://www.amazon.com/Eminent-Domain-Comparative-Iljoong-Kim/dp/1316628337/ref=mt_paperback?_encoding=UTF8&me Eminent Domain: A Comparative Perspective] (Cambridge University Press, 2017) (co-edited with Hojun Lee and Iljoong Kim).

Personal life

Somin was born in the USSR in 1973. At age five, he migrated along with his family to the United States. In a personal memoir, Somin recounted both the material poverty in the USSR (that he experienced firsthand) and the ideological indoctrination (that he learned about from family members, and saw glimpses of as a child).^[9] Somin received his B.A. in political science and history from Amherst College, M.A. in political science from Harvard University and J.D. from Yale Law School.

Views

Political ignorance

Like other public choice theorists, Somin argues that rational ignorance is a major problem for the successful functioning of democracy. He has argued for this position in a number of published articles, and has in particular been critical of the ideal of deliberative democracy.^[10]^[11]^[12]

Somin notes that rational irrationality, as described by Bryan Caplan in The Myth of the Rational Voter, is a problem. Somin departs from traditional public choice theorists by carving out an important place for rational irrationality, while at the same time disagreeing with Caplan's assertion that rational ignorance alone would not be a problem.^[13]^[14]

Somin's book Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government is Smarter elaborates on this thesis. He also defended the theory in the lead essay of Cato Unbound in October 2013.^[15] Other participants in the exchange included Heather Gerken, Jeffrey Friedman, and Sean Trende.^[16] Gerken's response essay used the fox versus hedgehog distinction, arguing that Somin's ideal voter was a fox, whereas David Schleicher's work stressed that voters tended to be hedgehogs and use their party affiliation as an informational shortcut.^[17] Political commentator George Will reviewed the book favorably in a Washington Post op-ed.^[18]

Somin's work on political ignorance stretches back some 15 years before the publication of Democracy and Political Ignorance. He published a much-cited article on political ignorance in the interdisciplinary journal Critical Review in 1998.^[19] In 2004, he wrote a policy analysis for the Cato Institute titled "When Ignorance Isn't Bliss: How Political Ignorance Threatens Democracy" that laid out the case he would elaborate in his book.^[20] In 2010, he wrote a critique of deliberative democracy based on his research on political ignorance.^[21]

Somin's work on political ignorance has been covered by media around the world, including Washington Post columnist George Will^[18] and the Chicago Tribune.^[22]

Originalism

Somin is a proponent of originalism: he argues that judges should interpret the Constitution according to its original public meaning. Somin has written an article about the relationship and tension between constitutional originalism and political ignorance.^[23]^[24]^[25] He has also blogged about the history of originalism,^[26] the relation between originalism and discrimination,^[27] the relation between originalism and affirmative action,^[28] and other topics related to originalism.^[29]

Property rights

Somin has been critical of eminent domain laws that permit governments to take over land by force.^[30]^[31] He was critical of the court decision in Kelo v. City of New London and has defended eminent domain reforms undertaken by US states in the wake of the incident,^[32] while arguing that such reforms may not go far enough in protecting private property rights.^[33]^[34] Somin has argued that Detroit's abuse of eminent domain "deter[red] investment by undermining confidence in the security of property rights."^[35] Somin's book on the topic of property rights and eminent domain, titled The Grasping Hand: "Kelo v. City of New London" and the Limits of Eminent Domain was published by the University of Chicago Press and released on June 15, 2015.^[8] Many commentators consider it the leading work on the controversial Kelo case, and "public use" restrictions on takings. The book was described as the definitive analysis and critique of Kelo by leading legal Richard Epstein and James Krier, and also endorsed by attorneys for both sides in the case.^[36]

Author

Somin is the author of Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government Is Smarter,^[5] published by Stanford University Press) in 2013. A revised second edition was published in 2016. In the book, Somin expands on his public choice-style case for limited government.^[37]

Somin's book The Grasping Hand: "Kelo v. City of New London" and the Limits of Eminent Domain expands on his work on eminent domain and property rights, and was published in June 2015 by the University of Chicago Press.^[8]

Somin is the co-author, along with other Volokh Conspiracy bloggers, of the book A Conspiracy Against Obamacare: The Volokh Conspiracy and the Health Care Case.^[6] Somin's co-authors include Randy Barnett, Jonathan Adler, David Bernstein, Orin Kerr, and David Kopel. Trevor Burrus is the editor.

He is also co-editor of Eminent Domain in Comparative Perspective, published by Cambridge University Press in 2017.

Congressional testimony

Somin has testified to the United States Congress twice: once on the subject of drone warfare^[38] and once on the subject of Sonia Sotomayor's record on property rights, in connection with her nomination as a justice for the Supreme Court.^[39]^[40]

Media

Somin has participated many times in the New York Times Room for Debate Forum.^[41]^[42]^[43]

Somin's articles have been published by a number of mainstream news and opinion outlets in the United States including the Washington Post,^[44] Wall Street Journal,^[45] USA Today,^[46] CNN,^[47] National Review,^[48] Forbes,^[49] Los Angeles Times,^[50] the Daily Caller,^[51] and others.^[52]

Somin's blog posts at Volokh Conspiracy have been cited in many mainstream news outlets. Somin's blog post^[53]^[54] about the Supreme Court decision in Fisher v. University of Texas was cited by a number of news outlets.^[55]^[56] Blog posts by Ilya Somin about the Supreme Court's decisions related to gay marriage (specifically, decisions about the Defense of Marriage Act and California Proposition 8 made in June 2013)^[57]^[58]^[59] were also widely cited.^[60]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://sls.gmu.edu/ilya-somin/|title = Personal webpage|last = Somin|first = Ilya|accessdate = 2013-01-30}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/people/ilya-somin|title = Ilya Somin|publisher = Cato Institute}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/journals/journal/scer.html|title = Supreme Court Economic Review - Electronic Edition|publisher = University of Chicago Press|accessdate = 2013-07-09}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Democracy_and_Political_Ignorance.html?id=5ByPmwEACAAJ|title = Ilya Somin|publisher=}}
5. ^¹{{Cite book|title = Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government Is Smarter|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Stanford University Press|isbn = 978-0804786614}}
6. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FahEAgAAQBAJ&dq=conspiracy+against+obamacare&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=A Conspiracy Against Obamacare: The Volokh Conspiracy and the Health Care Case|last =|first =|publisher =|accessdate = 2013-09-15}}
7. ^https://www.amazon.com/Democracy-Political-Ignorance-Smaller-Government/dp/0804799318/
8. ^¹²{{cite book|url=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/G/bo20145315.html|title = The Grasping Hand: "Kelo v. City of New London" and the Limits of Eminent Domain|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = University of Chicago Press}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.law.gmu.edu/assets/files/faculty/Somin_HIASMemoir.pdf|title = A Road to Freedom|last = Somin|first = Ilya|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
10. ^{{cite web|ssrn=1694650|title = Deliberative Democracy and Political Ignorance|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2010-10-19|publisher = Critical Review, Vol. 22, Nos. 2-3, pp. 253-279, 2010}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-525es.html|title = When Ignorance Isn't Bliss: How Political Ignorance Threatens Democracy|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Cato Institute (Policy Analysis No. 525)|date = 2004-09-22|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/02/12/obama-voters-democrats-republicans-opinions-contributors-ilya-somin.html|title = An Inconvenient Truth|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2010-02-12|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/posts/1179450214.shtml|title = Bryan Caplan's Myth of the Rational Voter|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2007-05-17|accessdate = 2013-07-09}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2013/02/03/transparency-and-political-ignorance/|title = Transparency and Political Ignorance|date = 2013-02-03|accessdate = 2013-07-09|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cato-unbound.org/2013/10/11/ilya-somin/democracy-political-ignorance|title = Democracy and Political Ignorance|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2013-10-11|accessdate = 2013-10-14|publisher = Cato Unbound}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cato-unbound.org/issues/october-2013/smaller-government-smarter-government|title = Is Smaller Government Smarter Government?|publisher = Cato Unbound (lead essay)|date = October 2013|accessdate = 2013-10-14}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cato-unbound.org/2013/10/14/heather-gerken/fox-hedgehog-how-do-we-achieve-political-accountability-given-what-voters|title = The Fox and the Hedgehog: How Do We Achieve Political Accountability Given What Voters (Don't) Know?|last = Gerken|first = Heather|date = 2013-10-14|accessdate = 2013-10-14|publisher = Cato Unbound (response essay)}}
18. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/george-will-the-price-of-political-ignorance/2014/01/01/7dbe2936-7311-11e3-9389-09ef9944065e_story.html|title = The price of political ignorance: More government|last = Will|first = George F.|authorlink = George Will|date = January 1, 2014|accessdate = January 1, 2014|publisher = Washington Post}}
19. ^Ilya Somin, "Voter Ignorance and the Democratic Ideal," Critical Review 12 (1998), 413-58
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/when-ignorance-isnt-bliss-how-political-ignorance-threatens-democracy|title = When Ignorance Isn't Bliss: How Political Ignorance Threatens Democracy|publisher = Cato Institute (Policy Analysis No. 525)|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2004-09-22|accessdate = 2013-10-26}}
21. ^{{cite web|ssrn=1694650|title = Deliberative Democracy and Political Ignorance|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2010-10-19|publisher = Critical Review, Vol. 22, Nos. 2–3, pp. 253–79, 2010}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-19/news/ct-oped-0419-chapman-20120419_1_political-ignorance-league-of-women-voters-democracy|title = Mixing ignorance and democracy: Can our system work with uninformed voters?|last = Chapman|first = Steve|date = 2012-04-19|accessdate = 2013-07-09|publisher = Chicago Tribune}}
23. ^{{cite web|ssrn=2015006|last = Somin|first = Ilya|title = Originalism and Political Ignorance|date= 2012-03-02|publisher = Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 625-668, December 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2012/03/06/originalism-and-political-ignorance/|title = Originalism and Political Ignorance|date = 2012-03-06|accessdate = 2013-07-10|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://lsolum.typepad.com/legaltheory/2012/03/originalism-and-political-ignorance-ilya-somin-george-mason-university-school-of-law-has-posted-february-2-2012.html|title = Somin on Originalism & Political Ignorance|last = Solum|first = Larry|publisher = Legal Theory Blog|date = 2012-03-06|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2011/07/15/for-intellectual-history-of-originalism-buffs/|title = For Intellectual-History-of-Originalism Buffs|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2011-07-15|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2013/04/12/new-scholarship-on-originalism-and-discrimination/|title = New Scholarship on Originalism and Discrimination|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2013-04-12|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2012/09/07/originalism-and-affirmative-action/|title = Originalism and Affirmative Action|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2012-09-07|accessdate = 2013-07-10|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/category/constitutional-theory/originalism/|title = Originalism category|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa535.pdf|title = Robin Hood in Reverse: The Case against Economic Development Takings|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2005-02-22|accessdate = 2013-07-10|publisher = Cato Institute Policy Analysis}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/12/a-turning-point-for-eminent-domain/#ilya|title = A Turning Point for Eminent Domain?|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = New York Times Room for Debate Forum|date = 2009-11-12|accessdate = 2013-07-10}}
32. ^{{cite web|ssrn=979201|title = Is Post-Kelo Eminent Domain Reform Bad for the Poor?|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 101, No. 4, pp. 1931-1943, Fall 2007}}
33. ^{{cite web|ssrn=976298|title = The Limits of Backlash: Assessing the Political Response to Kelo|date = 2009-06-11|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 93, No. 6, pp. 2100-2178, June 2009}}
34. ^{{cite web|ssrn=1846751|title = The Judicial Reaction to Kelo|date= 2011-05-19|last = Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Albany Government Law Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2011 (Introduction to the Symposium on Eminent Domain in the United States)}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/354194/did-free-market-kill-detroit-veronique-de-rugy|title = Did the Free Market Kill Detroit?|date= 2013-07-23|last = de Rugy|first = Veronique|publisher = National Review}}
36. ^https://www.amazon.com/Grasping-Hand-London-Limits-Eminent/dp/022625660X?ie=UTF8&*Version*=1&*entries*=0
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://bleedingheartlibertarians.com/2013/09/ilya-somin-democracy-and-political-ignorance/|title = Democracy and Political Ignorance|last = Brennan|first = Jason|date = 2013-09-30|accessdate = 2013-09-30|publisher = Bleeding-Heart Libertarians}}
38. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.whatthefolly.com/2013/05/06/transcript-professor-ilya-somins-testimony-on-drones-targeted-killing-senate-judiciary-subcommittee-on-april-23-2013/|title = Transcript: Professor Ilya Somin's Testimony on Drone: Targeted Killing - Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on April 23, 2013|last = Jiang|first = Jenny|date = May 6, 2013|access-date = October 18, 2014|publisher = What The Folly?}}
39. ^{{cite web|url = http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/09/judiciary-panel-releases-witness-list-for-sotomayor-hearing/|title = Judiciary Panel Releases Witness List for Sotomayor Hearing|last = Phillips|first = Kate|date = July 9, 2009|access-date = October 18, 2014|publisher = New York Times}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.law.gmu.edu/assets/files/news/2009/Somin_TestimonySotomayor.pdf|title = Judge Sonia Sotomayor's Record on Constitutional Property Rights: Testimony Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|date = July 16, 2009|access-date = October 18, 2014}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/09/25/ban-fur-then-why-not-leather/selling-furs-a-right-to-economic-liberty|title = A Right to Economic Liberty|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2011-09-25|access-date = July 9, 2013}}
42. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/03/25/on-the-health-care-law-is-the-court-being-thoughtful-or-partisan/a-threat-of-giving-free-rein-to-federal-power|title = Rein in Federal Power|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2012-03-25|access-date = July 9, 2013}}
43. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2010/12/13/a-fatal-blow-to-obamas-health-care-law/the-problem-with-broad-definitions|title = The Problem with Broad Definitions|date = 2011-09-23|access-date = July 9, 2013|publisher = New York Times|last = Somin|first = Ilya}}
44. ^https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/to-build-the-wall-trump-might-make-thousands-of-americans-suffer/2019/01/19/fd39abe6-150e-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html
45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lessons-from-a-little-pink-house-10-years-later-1434922686|title=Lessons From a Little Pink House, 10 Years Later|first=Ilya|last=Somin|date=21 June 2015|publisher=|access-date=February 6, 2019|via=www.wsj.com}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2015/04/19/supreme-court-same-sex-marriage-constitutionality-discrimination-column/70225124/|title=Gender, the gay marriage fight's missing piece: Column|author=|date=|website=USA TODAY|access-date=February 6, 2019}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/opinions/political-ignorance-somin/index.html|title=Political ignorance haunts 2016 campaign|first=Ilya|last=Somin|date=|website=CNN|access-date=February 6, 2019}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/336115/remembering-judge-bork-nro-symposium?pg=5|title = Remembering Judge Bork|publisher = National Review|date = 2012-12-19}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/05/11/elena-kagan-supreme-court-opinions-contributors-ilya-somin.html|title = Don't Dismiss Elena Kagan|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2010-05-11|access-date = July 9, 2013|publisher = Forbes}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/debate/la-oew-chemerinsky-somin2009-may27-29,0,2687041.storygallery|title = Obama, Sotomayor, and Empathy|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2009-05-29|publisher = Los Angeles Times}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://dailycaller.com/2011/11/09/referendum-initiatives-prevent-eminent-domain-abuse/|title = Referendum initiatives prevent eminent domain abuse|last= Somin|first = Ilya|publisher = Daily Caller|date = 2011-11-09|access-date = July 9, 2013}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://mason.gmu.edu/~isomin/publications.html|title = Publications|last = Somin|first = Ilya|access-date = July 9, 2013}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2013/06/24/preliminary-thoughts-on-fisher-v-university-of-texas/|title = Preliminary Thoughts on Fisher v. University of Texas|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2013-06-24|access-date = July 9, 2013|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2013/06/24/competing-interpretations-of-fisher/|title = Competing Interpretations of Fisher|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2013-06-24|access-date = July 9, 2013|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2013/06/24/could_scotus_ruling_actually_endanger_affirmative_action_policies/|title = Could SCOTUS ruling actually endanger affirmative action policies?|last = Rayfield|first = Jillian|publisher = Salon|date = 2013-06-24|access-date = July 9, 2013}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/bench-memos/351855/fisher-v-university-texas-austin-ed-whelan|title = Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin|date = 2013-06-24|access-date = July 9, 2013|last = Whelan|first = Ed|publisher = National Review}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2013/06/26/the-impact-of-todays-gay-marriage-decisions/|title = The Impact of Today's Gay Marriage Decisions|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2013-06-26|access-date = July 9, 2013|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2013/06/26/right-left-and-the-standing-issues-in-the-gay-marriage-cases/|title = Right, Left, and the Standing Issues in the Gay Marriage Cases|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2013-06-26|access-date = July 9, 2013|publisher = Volokh Conspiracy}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.volokh.com/2013/06/26/the-doma-decision-and-federalism/|title = The DOMA Decision and Federalism|last = Somin|first = Ilya|date = 2013-06-26|access-date = July 9, 2013}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2013/06/26/doma_and_prop_8_heres_what_it_all_means/|title = DOMA and Prop 8: Here's what it all means|last = Rayfield|first = Jillian|date = 2013-06-26|access-date = July 9, 2013|publisher = Salon}}