| 词条 | India Point Railroad Bridge |
| 释义 |
|bridge_name = India Point Railroad Bridge |image = India Point RR Bridge - View of swing span from Fox Point Park looking east.jpg |caption = View of swing span from India Point Park looking towards East Providence |alt = India Point Railroad Bridge |official_name = |carries = Boston and Providence Railroad |crosses = Seekonk River |locale = between Providence and East Providence |maint = |id = |design = swing bridge |mainspan = {{Convert|225|ft|m}} |length = {{Convert|403|ft|m}} |width = {{Convert|29|ft|m}} |height = {{Convert|48|ft|m}} |load = |clearance = |below = |traffic = |begin = 1901 |complete = 1903 |open = 1903 |closed = 1974 |toll = |map_cue = |map_image = |map_relief = no |map_text = |map_type = USA Rhode Island#USA |map_width = |coordinates = {{coord|41.817098|-71.387415|display=inline,title}} |extra = }} }} India Point Railroad Bridge was a swing bridge which spanned the Seekonk River, connecting the City of Providence, Rhode Island at India Point to the City of East Providence at Watchemoket. It was last used in 1974, and the swing span was removed in 2001 leaving only two fixed truss spans. HistoryThe original structure was a covered bridge built in 1835 by Thomas Hassard for the Boston and Providence Railroad. He had been mentored by Colonel Stephen H. Long, inventor of the Long truss. It held the distinction of being the first interstate railroad bridge built in the United States.[1]{{refn|group=note|The area which was ceded to Rhode Island to become East Providence in 1862 was previously part of Seekonk, Massachusetts.[2]}} The bridge had a manually operated draw consisting of two parts located on the East Providence side of the bridge. In order to let a vessel pass, the eastern part had to be moved northward and the western part was moved into the vacated space. This draw was replaced in 1858 by one resting on a turntable providing a gap of {{Convert|38|ft|m}}. In 1866, due to the bridge's piers being deemed unreliable, work began on a new bridge adjacent to the existing one that was to have a draw of at least {{Convert|60|ft|m}}.[3]{{rp|10–12}} This bridge used a Howe truss and was built by Daniel Harris and Richard Hawkins, who held the patent rights for this design in Southern New England.[1] On 20 February 1868, a successful test run was made, and the main track was connected to the new bridge the following day.[3]{{rp|22}} In 1882, an iron swing section replaced the manually operated one. This provided a channel of about {{Convert|38|ft|m}}. However, a curve in the channel made passage through it difficult.[4] The remaining covered part of the bridge was replaced with a steel swing span in 1902 by Boston Bridge Works giving it a channel of approximately {{Convert|80|ft|m}} and aligning the draw with that of the 1885 Washington Bridge[5] to the north.[6] Finally, the iron swing section was replaced with fixed pony trusses in 1903. Both of these sections were built around the existing spans, so that rail and water traffic would not be interrupted. During peak working hours, trains could cross the bridge at an average rate of one every four minutes.[7] RemovalThe bridge continued to operate until 1974. After its closing, the United States Coast Guard eventually determined the bridge to be a navigational hazard. In May 1990, they threatened to fine the City of Providence US$1000 for each day beyond one year from then that the bridge was neither removed nor illuminated. Though the deadline passed, the Coast Guard delayed imposing any fines until at least 1993, when Federal money was to be made available for the bridge's removal. Under the plan, the Federal government and city were each to pay US$250,000 towards the cost of removing it.[8] However, this plan was not executed. Also, the Water Resources Acts of 1986 and 1996 had each approved plans for removing the bridge, but these plans failed to come to fruition as well.[9] On 18 December 2000, the Providence City Council approved the transfer of the bridge to the Federal Government. The United States Army Corps of Engineers then advertised to give the bridge to any organization that could demonstrate a suitable disposition for it.[10] No claims were received, so demolition was scheduled to begin in October 2001. By then, the estimated removal cost had increased to US$668,690 which also had been agreed to be split evenly by the Army Corps and the city.[9] At the end of December 2001, the swing span had been dismantled. The final step was to remove the concrete platform measuring {{Convert|34|ft|m}} in diameter that supported the swing section.[11] As of November 2018, only the two fixed truss sections on the East Providence side remained. See also{{stack| {{Portal|Bridges|Trains|Rhode Island}} }}
Notes1. ^1 {{cite book|last=Allen|first=Richard Sanders|title=Covered bridges of the Northeast|date=2004|publisher=Dover Publications|location=Mineola, N.Y.|isbn=0486436624|pages=78–79|edition=Dover}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Conforti|first=Joseph|title=Our Heritage: A History of East Providence|year=1976|publisher=Monarch Publishing, Inc.|location=White Plains, New York|page=2}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author=J. Albert Monroe|title=Description of the Piers of the new Railroad Bridge of the Boston and Providence Railroad over the Seekonk River, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpVWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10|year=1868}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Ozog|first=Edward J.|title=Rhode Island Railroads|url=https://sites.google.com/site/rhodeislandrailroads/home/east-providence-south-of-india-point|accessdate=24 February 2014}} 5. ^At the time, the bridge was known as the "Seekonk River Bridge" but was eventually renamed to match its predecessors. 6. ^{{cite book|title=Rhode Island Historical Resources Archive: Washington Bridge|publisher=Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission|page=4|edition=RIHRA No. EAPR-0001}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Rhode Island Railroad Commissioner|title=Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjQTAAAAYAAJ|year=1903|publisher=E.L. Freeman Company, state printers}} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Mingis|first=Ken|title=No money, so eyesore bridge remains Coast Guard holding off on fining city for violation|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/projo/doc/396923309.html|accessdate=16 March 2014|newspaper=Providence Journal|date=26 December 1991}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|title=Railroad bridge's days numbered|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/projo/doc/397553048.html|accessdate=16 March 2014|newspaper=Providence Journal|date=14 September 2001}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=India Point Railroad Bridge Awaiting Qualified Suitor|url=http://www.pbn.com/India-Point-Railroad-Bridge-awaiting-qualified-suitor,578|work=Providence Business News|accessdate=22 February 2014}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Demolition continues on India Point Bridge|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/projo/doc/397482304|accessdate=31 Mar 2014|newspaper=Providence Journal|date=28 December 2001}} References{{Reflist}}External links{{stack| {{commons category}} }}Information
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{{Rhode Island railroads|state=collapsed}} 11 : Railroad bridges in Rhode Island|Bridges in Providence County, Rhode Island|Swing bridges in the United States|Demolished bridges in the United States|Bridges completed in 1903|Buildings and structures demolished in 2001|Former railway bridges in the United States|Historic American Engineering Record in Rhode Island|1903 establishments in Rhode Island|Truss bridges in the United States|Steel bridges in the United States |
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