| 词条 | Royal Marechaussee |
| 释义 |
|agencyname = Royal Netherlands Marechaussee[1] |nativename = Koninklijke Marechaussee |nativenamea = |nativenamer = |commonname = |abbreviation = KMar |fictional = |patch = |patchcaption = |logo = Logo marechaussee.svg |logocaption = Logo of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee |badge = Embleem Koninklijke Marechaussee.svg |badgecaption = Emblem |flag = |flagcaption = help |imagesize = 250 |motto = Zonder vrees en zonder blaam |mottotranslated = Without fear and without dishonour |formedyear = 1814 |formedmonthday = November 26 |preceding1 = |dissolved = |superseding = |employees = 6,000 |volunteers = |budget = |legalpersonality = |country = Netherlands |countryabbr = |national = Yes |federal = |international = |divtype = |divname = |divdab = |subdivtype = |subdivname = |subdivdab = |map = |mapcaption = |sizearea = |sizepopulation = |legaljuris = opsjuris |governingbody = Ministry of Defence (Netherlands) |governingbodyscnd = |constitution1 = Royal Decree of 1954 |police = Yes |local = |military = |provost = Yes |gendarmerie = Yes |religious = |speciality1 = border |speciality2 = protection |secret = |overviewtype = |overviewbody = |headquarters = The Hague |hqlocmap = |hqlocmapwidth = |hqlocmapheight = |hqlocmapborder = |hqlocleft = |hqloctop = |hqlocmappoptitle = |sworntype = |sworn = |unsworntype = |unsworn = |multinational = |electeetype = |minister1name = |minister1pfo = |chief1name = Luitenant-Generaal Harry van den Brink |chief1position = Commandant |parentagency = |child1agency = |unittype = |unitname = |officetype = |officename = |provideragency = |uniformedas = |stationtype = |stations = |airbases = |lockuptype = |lockups = |vehicle1type = |vehicles1 = |boat1type = |boats1 = |aircraft1type = |aircraft1 = |animal1type = |animals1 = |person1name = |person1reason = |person1type = |programme1 = |activity1name = |activitytype = |anniversary1 = |award1 = |patronsaint = |website = www.marechaussee.nl/ |footnotes = |reference = }} The Koninklijke Marechaussee, the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, abbreviated to KMar, is one of the four Services of the armed forces of the Netherlands. It is a gendarmerie force performing military police and civil police duties. HistoryThe Corps de Maréchaussée was created by King William I to replace the French Gendarmerie on October 26, 1814. The word gendarmerie had gained a negative connotation, so William called the new force "marechaussée" (he forgot the first acute accent in the document). Maréchaussée is an alternate French word for gendarmerie. At that time, the Marechaussee was a part of the army (landmacht). The Marechaussee was tasked with maintaining public order, law enforcement, and safeguarding the main roads. Although not specifically mentioned, this included police duties for the army. As such, the Marechaussee was part of the national police (rijkspolitie). The Marechaussee was the only police force in many small municipalities, such as Venlo, especially in the southern provinces of Limburg and North Brabant (former Generality Lands). In 1908, Queen Wilhelmina assigned the Marechaussee the task of guarding the royal palaces, which had previously been done by gardeners. To this day, guarding a palace is called "klompendienst{{-"}} (clog service). On July 5, 1940, the German occupation government merged the Marechaussee with the rijksveldwacht and the gemeenteveldwacht. This meant that the Marechaussee lost its military status and the predicate Royal. These changes did not apply to the Marechaussee outside occupied Dutch territory. About 200 marechaussees guarded the Royal Family and the Dutch government-in-exile, and provided military police services to the Princess Irene Brigade, a brigade formed in the United Kingdom, consisting of Dutchmen. After World War II, the Marechaussee was split into a Korps Rijkspolitie (National Police Corps) (as a replacement of the rijksveldwacht and the gemeenteveldwacht) and the Royal Marechaussee, which regained its military status. The main tasks for the Marechaussee since then have been border protection, military police and guard duties. On July 3, 1956, Princess Beatrix became patroness of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee. In 1994, the national and municipal police forces were merged into the present 25 regional police forces and the Korps landelijke politiediensten (National Police Services Agency). The National Police transferred its airport police and security tasks (primarily Schiphol) to the Marechaussee. In 1998, the Marechaussee became a separate Service within the armed forces. In 2014, a team of 40 Dutch Military Police went to eastern Ukraine to assist the investigation into the shooting down of Malaysian airliner MH17. They provided security for the international team and assistance in collecting evidence from the crash site.[2] EmblemThe emblem of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee is, as with many other gendarmerie forces, a flaming grenade. In the 17th century, a new weapon was introduced in Europe: the hand grenade. The soldiers who handled grenades were called grenadiers. They became an elite type of soldier in all European armies. In France, the grenade symbol was adopted by the gendarmerie, and this was imitated by similar forces throughout Europe. The flaming grenade (but in this case within an eight-pointed star) was also the emblem of the Rijkspolitie. Present KMarThe present marechaussee is a police organisation with a military status, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense, but mostly working for the Ministry of Security and Justice and the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations. The RNLM performs the following duties:
The first four units are territorial, other two have national rather than regional responsibilities. RanksSee Military ranks of the Dutch armed forces Equipment
SpellingIn the course of time the two acute accents of the French spelling (Maréchaussée) were dropped. The lowest ranking personnel are referred to as marechaussees (without the capital M), a rank comparable to lance corporal and corporal. See also
References1. ^{{cite web| title=Policing in the Netherlands |url=http://www.politie.nl/ImagesLandelijk/politie%20in%20nederland%20engels_tcm31-85725.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010201748/http://www.politie.nl/ImagesLandelijk/politie%20in%20nederland%20engels_tcm31-85725.pdf | date=January 2004 |archivedate=10 October 2012 |deadurl=yes }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-28506109|title=Dutch military police in Ukraine to investigate flight MH17|publisher=BBC NEWS|date=26 July 2014}} External links{{Commons category|Koninklijke Marechaussee}}
6 : 1814 establishments in the Netherlands|Gendarmerie|Military of the Netherlands|Military provosts|Military units and formations established in 1814|Border guards |
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