“Industrial Research Institute”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Industrial Research Institute, Inc. (IRI) is a nonprofit association based in Arlington, Virginia. The stated mission of IRI, which was founded by the National Research Council in 1938, is “to enhance the effectiveness of technological innovation by networking the world's best practitioners and thought leaders to seek, share, learn, and create”.^[1] IRI is a nonpartisan, membership-based organization that brings leaders of R&D together to discover and share best practices in the management of technological innovation.

History

IRI held its first meeting on February 25, 1938,^[2] after the National Research Council established it as a branch within its Division of Engineering and Industrial Research (DEIR).^[3]^[4] IRI’s original membership consisted of fourteen companies; the organization's first president was Maurice Holland, then director of DEIR.^[5] On April 17, 1945, IRI separated from the National Research Council and formed a nonprofit, 501(c)(6) organization, incorporated in the State of New York.^[6]

Original member companies

Timeline

Governance

IRI governance resides in its membership. Each member organization is responsible for choosing a voting representative to vote on its behalf in IRI elections. A simple majority is required for any action to be taken. The membership is led by an elected sixteen-member Board of Directors, with each member serving three years. The board also appoints a president who serves as Chief Staff Administrator and deciding voter should a tie occur.^[15]

Membership

To qualify for membership, an organization should have as its primary purpose the creation, production, and marketing of physical or intellectual products or services based on technological innovation. Federal laboratories involved in technological innovation, research, design, or technical support of products and services may also join as Associate Members. The Board of Directors retains the right to offer limited membership to others at its discretion.^[16]

Membership includes free attendance passes to IRI events and a subscription to IRI's official journal, Research-Technology Management (RTM).

Publications

The Institute maintains a bimonthly journal, Research-Technology Management (RTM), originally titled Research Management. It publishes peer-reviewed articles covering the full spectrum of technological innovation, from R&D through product development to commercialization. Oversight of the journal is provided by an appointed Board of Editors; the Editor-in-Chief and the Managing Editor provide day-to-day management.

The Institute also issues monthly newsletters, press releases on important events, and occasional white papers on a variety of topics.

Awards

See also

References

1. ^IRI Website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115175845/http://www.iriweb.org/Main/About_IRI/Public_Site/Navigation/About_IRI/About.aspx |date=2012-01-15 }}, accessed Feb. 13, 2012.
2. ^Place, Geoffrey. "IRI's First 100 Years," Research-Technology Management, Vol. 32, No. 1 (January–February 1989), pp. 21-26.
3. ^"The Industrial Research Institute," p. 321, Science Magazine, 7 October 1938.
4. ^Godin, Benoit. "The Linear Model of Innovation: The Historical Construction of an Analytical Framework", Working Paper No. 30, 2005, pp. 9-10.
5. ^Godin, Benoit. "The Linear Model of Innovation: The Historical Construction of an Analytical Framework", Working Paper No. 30, 2005, pp. 15.
6. ^IRI Brief History page {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231125150/http://www.iriweb.org/Main/About_IRI/History/Public_Site/Navigation/About_IRI/IRI_History/History.aspx |date=2011-12-31 }}, accessed Feb. 13, 2012.
7. ^"The Industrial Research Institute," p. 321, Science Magazine, 7 October 1938.
8. ^"Appendix J: The Industrial Research Institute, Inc." Technology Commercialization: Russian Challenges, American Lessons. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies, Office of International Affairs, 1998, pp. 120-121.
9. ^Godin, Benoit. "The Linear Model of Innovation: The Historical Construction of an Analytical Framework", Working Paper No. 30, 2005, p. 10, footnote 17.
10. ^Burrill, Charles. "From the Editor," Research Management, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 1958), p. 3.
11. ^Press Release: Renato Tagiuri Obituary, Harvard Business School Press Room, April 25, 2011, accessed Feb. 13, 2012.
12. ^EIRMA Website, accessed Feb. 13, 2012.
13. ^Industrial Research Institute, Inc. "Industrial Research Institute's Annual R&D Trends Survey: This first annual trends survey finds member companies anticipating more R&D spending, more R&D hiring, and more "new business projects" for 1985," Research Management, Vol. 28, No. 2 (March–April 1985), pp. 10-12.
14. ^Research-Technology Management, Vol. 55, No. 1 (January–February 2012).
15. ^IRI Constitution and Bylaws, accessed Feb. 13, 2012.
16. ^IRI Constitution and Bylaws, accessed Feb. 13, 2012.