| 词条 | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| 释义 |
| title = Infectious disease (infectiology) | synonyms = Infectious diseases, infectious medicine, infectious disease medicine, infectiology | subdivisions = | image = Gram stain 01.jpg | caption = Gram stain of bacteria: a test frequently performed in infectiology | system = | diseases = Infections, e.g. osteomyelitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, influenza, also public health issues e.g. epidemics, antimicrobial resistance, bioterrorism | tests = Gram staining, microbiological cultures (including blood cultures), serological tests, genotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), medical imaging | specialist = Infectious disease specialist, Infectiologist | glossary = Glossary of medicine }} Infectious disease, also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections. An infectious disease (ID) specialist's practice may consist largely of managing nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, or it may be out-patient based. ScopeID specialists typically serve as consultants to other physicians in cases of complex infections, and often manage patients with HIV/AIDS and other forms of Immunodeficiency.[1] Although many common infections are treated by physicians without formal expertise in ID, the ID specialist may be consulted for cases where an infection is difficult to diagnose. They may also be asked to help determine the cause of a fever of unknown origin. [2] [1] ID specialists can practice both in hospitals (inpatient) and clinics (outpatient). In hospitals, ID specialists help ensure the timely diagnosis and treatment of acute infections by recommending the appropriate diagnostic tests to identify the source of the infection and by recommending the appropriate antibiotic to treat the infection. For certain types of infections, involvement of an ID specialists may improve patient outcomes.[3] In clinic, ID specialists can provide long-term care to patients with chronic infections such as HIV. HistoryID is historically associated with travel medicine and tropical medicine, as many diseases acquired in tropical and subtropical areas are infectious in nature.[4] InvestigationsID specialists employ a variety of diagnostic tests to help identify the pathogen that is causing an infection. Common tests include Gram staining, blood cultures, serological tests, genotyping, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TreatmentsID specialists employ a variety of antimicrobial agents to help treat infections. The type of agent used depends on the organism that is causing the infection. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections; antiviral agents treat viral infections; and antifungal agents treat fungal infections. Training{{Infobox Occupation| name = | image = | caption = | official_names = Doctor, Medical Specialist, Infectious diseases Consultant | type = Specialty | activity_sector = Medicine | competencies = | formation = Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or {{nowrap|Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.)}} or {{nowrap|Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery}} | employment_field = Hospitals, Clinics | related_occupation= }} United StatesIn the United States, ID is a subspecialty of internal medicine or pediatrics[5] (i.e., an internist or pediatrician trains for an additional 2 years as a medical fellow to qualify as an ID specialist and sit for the ID boards). References1. ^1 {{Cite web|title = IDSA : What is an ID Specialist|url = http://www.idsociety.org/ID_Specialist|website = www.idsociety.org|accessdate = 2015-10-27}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.abmsdirectory.com/pdf/Resources_guide_physicians.pdf|title = ABMS Guide to Medical Specialties|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 3. ^{{Cite web|title = The Value of an Infectious Diseases Specialist {{!}} Safe HealthcareSafe Healthcare {{!}} Blogs {{!}} CDC|url = http://blogs.cdc.gov/safehealthcare/2013/10/25/the-value-of-an-infectious-diseases-specialist/|website = blogs.cdc.gov|accessdate = 2015-11-14}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jrcptb.org.uk/trainingandcert/ST3-SpR/Pages/Infectious-Diseases.aspx |title=Infectious Diseases |author=Joint Royal Colleges Postgraduate Training Board |accessdate=2013-12-12}} 5. ^{{cite web | publisher = American Association of Medical Colleges | title = Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine | url = https://www.aamc.org/cim/specialty/list/us/339608/infectious_disease_-internal_medicine.html | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150206201010/https://www.aamc.org/cim/specialty/list/us/339608/infectious_disease_-internal_medicine.html | archivedate = 2015-02-06 | df = }} External links{{Commonscatinline|Infectious disease}}
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