| 词条 | Roy Mason |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Lord Mason of Barnsley |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC|DL}} |image = Roy Mason 1978.jpg |office = Shadow Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food |Party Leader = James Callaghan Michael Foot |term_start = 14 July 1979 |term_end = 24 November 1981 |predecessor = John Silkin |successor = Norman Buchan |office1 = Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland |primeminister1 = James Callaghan |term_start1 = 4 May 1979 |term_end1 = 14 July 1979 |predecessor1 = Humphrey Atkins |successor1 = Brynmor John |office2 = Secretary of State for Northern Ireland |primeminister2 = James Callaghan |term_start2 = 10 September 1976 |term_end2 = 4 May 1979 |predecessor2 = Merlyn Rees |successor2 = Humphrey Atkins |office3 = Secretary of State for Defence |primeminister3 = Harold Wilson James Callaghan |term_start3 = 4 March 1974 |term_end3 = 10 September 1976 |predecessor3 = Ian Gilmour |successor3 = Fred Mulley |office4 = President of the Board of Trade |primeminister4 = Harold Wilson |term_start4 = 6 October 1969 |term_end4 = 19 June 1970 |predecessor4 = Anthony Crosland |successor4 = Michael Noble |office5 = Minister of Power |primeminister5 = Harold Wilson |term_start5 = 1 July 1968 |term_end5 = 6 October 1969 |predecessor5 = Ray Gunter |successor5 = Office Abolished |office6 = Postmaster General |primeminister6 = Harold Wilson |term_start6 = 6 April 1968 |term_end6 = 1 July 1968 |predecessor6 = Edward Short |successor6 = John Stonehouse |office7 = Minister of Defence for Equipment |primeminister7 = Harold Wilson |term_start7 = 7 January 1967 |term_end7 = 6 April 1968 |predecessor7 = Office Created |successor7 = John Morris |office8 = Minister of State for Trade |primeminister8 = Harold Wilson |term_start8 = 20 October 1964 |term_end8 = 7 January 1967 |predecessor8 = |successor8 = Joseph Mallalieu |office9 = Member of Parliament for Barnsley Central {{small|Barnsley (1953–1983)}} |term_start9 = 31 March 1953 |term_end9 = 11 June 1987 |predecessor9 = Sidney Schofield |successor9 = Eric Illsley |birth_date = {{birth date|1924|4|18|df=y}} |birth_place = Royston, West Riding of Yorkshire, England |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2015|4|19|1924|4|18}} |death_place = |party = Labour |alma_mater = London School of Economics }} Roy Mason, Baron Mason of Barnsley, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|PC|DL}} (18 April 1924 – 19 April 2015) was a British Labour politician and Cabinet minister who was Secretary of State for Defence and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in the late 1970s. Early lifeHe was born in Royston, West Riding of Yorkshire, on 18 April 1924,[1] and grew up in Carlton, Barnsley, also in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Mason first went down the mines at the age of fourteen and he became a branch official of the National Union of Mineworkers in his early twenties. Aged 26 he studied at the London School of Economics as a mature student on a Trades Union Congress scholarship.[2] He remained in the coal industry until he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Barnsley constituency at a by-election in 1953.[3] PostsMason was Labour Party spokesman on Home Affairs, Defence and Post Office, 1960-1964. Minister of State at the Board of Trade, 1964-1967. Minister of Defence (Equipment), 1967-1968. Minister of Power, 1968-1969. President of the Board of Trade, 1969-1970. Secretary of State for Defence, 1974-1976. Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, 1976–1979 Northern IrelandA high-profile politician, Mason's appointment to Northern Ireland was unexpected and seemed to indicate a tougher response from the British Government than that pursued by his predecessor, Merlyn Rees. In late 1976, he told the Labour party conference that "Ulster had had enough of initiatives, White Papers and legislation for the time being, and now needed to be governed firmly and fairly". He rejected both military and political solutions in favour of "justice for all; with equality before the law; and, crucially, with republican terrorism treated as a security problem, and nothing else".[3] While Secretary of State for Defence Mason had been responsible for the introduction of SAS units into the 'bandit country' of South Armagh. At Stormont Mason was responsible for the tougher role taken by the security forces and authorised an increase in British Army covert tactics with the SAS allowed to operate throughout Northern Ireland. Mason's time in Northern Ireland was characterised by a reduction in violence; "in 1976 there were 297 deaths in Northern Ireland; in the next three years the figures were 111, 80, 120.[4] In 1977 he stood up to militant loyalists attempt to repeat their successful Ulster Workers Council strike tactic of 1974. In the same year he twice attempted to get some movement towards a political settlement from the local political parties but both attempts failed. Mason's policies in Northern Ireland earned the ire of Irish nationalist MPs.[6] This played a part in the March 1979 vote of no confidence, which the Labour government lost by one vote, precipitating the 1979 general election.[6] Nationalist MP Gerry Fitt abstained in the vote of no confidence, stating that he could not support a government with Mason as its Northern Ireland secretary.[5] After Labour's election defeat in 1979 Mason came under increasing pressure from leftwingers in his constituency party under the influence of Arthur Scargill but did not countenance joining the Social Democratic Party. Mason received full police protection, over 30 years after leaving office. In 1982 the then Energy Secretary Nigel Lawson suggested to Margaret Thatcher that she should make Mason the next Coal Board chairman, but she refused, saying that Mason was "Not one of us". Instead, Ian MacGregor was appointed.[6] Later lifeAfter his retirement from the House of Commons at the 1987 general election, he was created a life peer on 20 October 1987 taking the title Baron Mason of Barnsley, of Barnsley in South Yorkshire.[7] Mason lived in the same semi-detached house with his wife Marjorie from their marriage until he was aged 84. He died from a long illness, one day after his 91st birthday, on 19 April 2015.[8][9] He was survived by his widow and two daughters.[10] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Birthdays today|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/archive/2012-4-18.html |publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=14 April 2014|date=18 April 2012|quote=Lord Mason of Barnsley, former Labour Government Minister, 88}} 2. ^Yorkshire Post Obituary - 'Roy Mason a Man Forever Linked with Barnsley' Retrieved 20 April 2015 3. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2004/04/18/do1805.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2004/04/18/ixop.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028173747/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F04%2F18%2Fdo1805.xml&sSheet=%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F04%2F18%2Fixop.html |date=28 October 2006 }} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Johnston|first=Wesley|title=Deaths in each year of the 'Troubles' 1969 - 1998|url=http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/troubles/deaths_by_year.html|accessdate=22 September 2013}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/1497018/Lord-Fitt.html |quote=His influence on the British government sharply diminished in 1976 with the advent that year of Mason as Secretary of State. "He's an anti-Irish wee git", Fitt told journalists; but perhaps Mason's worst sin was that he ignored the MP for West Belfast. Fitt took his revenge in the crucial vote on the Labour government's bill for Scottish devolution. He could not bring himself, he explained, to vote for a government with Mason as Ulster Secretary, against a background of alleged police brutality in the province. The government, defeated by one vote, resigned; the radical Gerry Fitt had helped to usher in the rule of Mrs Thatcher.|title=Lord Fitt |work=Daily Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group |date=27 August 2005 |accessdate=25 December 2012}} 6. ^Nigel Lawson -The View from No.11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=51099 |date=23 October 1987 |page=13091}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Death of Lord Mason of Barnsley at 91|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/community/death-of-lord-mason-of-barnsley-at-91-1-7218568|accessdate=20 April 2015|work=Yorkshire Post|date=20 April 2015}} 9. ^List of Deceased members of the House of Lords 10. ^1 {{cite news|title=Former Labour MP Lord Mason of Barnsley dies|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-32382570|accessdate=20 April 2015|work=BBC News|date=20 April 2015}} External links
|-{{s-new|constituency}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Barnsley Central|years=1983–1987}}{{S-aft|after=Eric Illsley}} |-{{S-off}}{{S-bef|before=Edward Short}}{{s-ttl|title=Postmaster General|years=1968}}{{S-aft|after=John Stonehouse}} |-{{S-bef|before=Ray Gunter}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Power|years=1968–1969}}{{s-non|reason=Position abolished}} |-{{S-bef|before=Anthony Crosland}}{{s-ttl|title=President of the Board of Trade|years=1969–1970}}{{S-aft|after=Michael Noble}} |-{{S-bef|before=Ian Gilmour}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of State for Defence|years=1974–1976}}{{S-aft|after=Fred Mulley}} |-{{S-bef|before=Merlyn Rees}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of State for Northern Ireland|years=1976–1979}}{{S-aft|after=Humphrey Atkins}}{{S-end}}{{Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland}}{{Secretary of State for Defence}}{{Presidents of the Board of Trade}}{{Callaghan Ministry}}{{Second Wilson Ministry}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mason, Roy}} 27 : Alumni of the London School of Economics|1924 births|English miners|British Secretaries of State|Deputy Lieutenants of South Yorkshire|Labour Party (UK) life peers|Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|2015 deaths|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|National Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs|People from Royston, South Yorkshire|Politics of Barnsley|Secretaries of State for Defence (UK)|Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland|People of The Troubles (Northern Ireland)|UK MPs 1951–55|UK MPs 1955–59|UK MPs 1959–64|UK MPs 1964–66|UK MPs 1966–70|UK MPs 1970–74|UK MPs 1974|UK MPs 1974–79|UK MPs 1979–83|UK MPs 1983–87|United Kingdom Postmasters General|Presidents of the Board of Trade |
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