| 词条 | Inspiration Mars Foundation |
| 释义 |
| name = Inspiration Mars Foundation | image = Inspiration Mars Banner Graphic jpeg.jpg | image_size = 295px | caption = "Send Two People, Take Everyone" | mission = 2018 crewed Mars Flyby, or alternatively a 2021 Venus flyby followed by a Mars flyby | founder = Dennis Tito | type = 501(c)(3) (pending, {{asof|2013|04|lc=y}})[1] | tax_id = | registration_id = | founded_date = {{Start date|2013|01|25}}[1] | location = Delaware[1] | coordinates = | origins = | key_people = Dennis Tito Jane Poynter Taber MacCallum Joe Rothenberg Miles O'Brien Jonathan Clark Thomas Squire | area_served = Earth/Mars/Venus | products = | services = | focus = | method = | revenue = | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = | num_members = | subsid = | owner = | motto = "Now is the Time" | former name = | dissolved = | footnotes = }}Inspiration Mars Foundation is an American nonprofit organization founded by Dennis Tito that in 2013 proposed to launch a crewed mission to flyby Mars in January 2018,[4][5][6][7][8] or 2021 if they missed the first synodic opportunity in 2018.[2] Their website became defunct by late 2015 but it is archived by the Internet Archive.[3] The Foundation's future plans are unclear. HistoryOn 27 February 2013, the Inspiration Mars Foundation held a press conference in the National Press Club to announce their plan to procure space hardware, launch vehicle services, and select a two-person married couple as crew,[11] and then attempt to raise the funding necessary to launch a mission to Mars in 2018. Dennis Tito said he was going to fund the foundation with $100 million for the first years of operation. At the 2013 conference, however, Dennis Tito indicated that the plan was impossible without significant investment from NASA and the use of NASA spacecraft.[4] NASA, however, was an unwilling partner.[5] FundingThe total cost of the mission was projected to be between US$1 and US$2 billion.[6] Tito planned to fund the foundation's cost for the first two years.[16] Then, the foundation planned to raise funds from industry and individuals.[16] However, in testimony before congress in November 2013, Tito indicated that he expected private donors to only provide around $300 million, leaving the need for an additional investment of $700 million from the US government. NASA responded that whilst they were willing to share technical and programmatic expertise with Inspiration Mars, they were unable to commit to sharing expenses with them.[7] The foundation's funding model, dependent on an unwilling partner, was broken. In March 2014, SpaceX indicated that they had also been contacted by Inspiration Mars, but that accommodating such requirements would require some additional work and that such work was not a part of the current focus of SpaceX.[8] ProposalThe proposal, which was never funded, was based on a free return trajectory to allow the spacecraft to use the smallest possible amount of propellant to flyby Mars and return to Earth. Leaders of the Foundation stated that the January 2018 launch window offered a rare orbit opportunity to travel to Mars and return to Earth in 501 days.[9] Their backup plan involved a mission that would begin in 2021 but be 88 days longer in duration. They stated it would require both a flyby of Venus and a fly-by of Mars. The flight would take the spacecraft to within 800 kilometres of the surface of Venus, using the planet for a gravity assist to speed the onward travel to Mars.[10] According to a paper written by Dennis Tito,{{CN|date=October 2018}} "the mission would require no maneuvers except small course corrections after a trans-Martian injection burn, [and] would allow no aborts. ... [It will] use low Earth orbit launch and crewed-spacecraft technology, outfitted for the long duration of a flight to Mars." They speculated that when the spacecraft returned to Earth it would reenter the atmosphere at 50 000 km per hour (ca 13.9 km/s), which was faster than any previous return.[11] Student design competitionDuring the 16th Annual International Mars Society Convention in 2013, the Mars Society announced the launch of an international engineering competition for student teams to propose design concepts for the architecture of the Inspiration Mars mission. The contest was open to university engineering student teams.[12] The design contest took place on August 9, 2014, and was won by an international team from Purdue University in US and Keio University in Japan.[13]{{dead link|date=April 2017}} CritiquesA spokesman for NASA stated that "Inspiration Mars's proposed schedule is a significant challenge due to life support systems, space radiation response, habitats and the human psychology of being in a small spacecraft for over 500 days", but that "we remain open to further collaboration as their proposal and plans for a later mission develop".[14] John Logsdon, professor emeritus at George Washington University's Space Policy Institute, also found the short preparation time-frame wanting, saying that it is "totally implausible" for a mission to be launched in 2018, although the"Plan B" mission might be possible "if the stars align".[15] FutureIt is unclear whether the Foundation is still in operation as their website is now defunct.[3] See also{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^1 2 Inspiration Mars Wants To Use ISS, NASAwatch, 15 April 2013 [16][17][18][19][20][21]2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/11/20/dennis-titos-prepared-remarks-congress-human-mars-mission/ |title=Dennis Tito's Prepared Remarks Before Congress on Human Mars Mission at Parabolic Arc |publisher=Parabolicarc.com |date=2013-11-20 |accessdate=2013-12-07}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://inspirationmars.org/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013012955/http://inspirationmars.org/ |archivedate=13 October 2015|title=The Foundation}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24633-ambitious-mars-joyride-cannot-succeed-without-nasa.html?page=1 |title=Ambitious Mars joy-ride cannot succeed without NASA - space - 21 November 2013 |publisher=New Scientist |date=2013-11-21 |accessdate=2013-12-07}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2013/11/20/dennis_tito_it_will_take_less_than_1_billion_to_make_mars_mission_happen/|title=Dennis Tito: It will take "less than $1 billion" to make Mars mission happen|first=Lindsay|last=Abrams|publisher=}} 6. ^{{cite news |last=Koebler|first=Jason |title=Expert: Dennis Tito's Mars Flyby Has '1-in-3' Chance of Succeeding |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/01/expert-dennis-titos-mars-flyby-has-1-in-3-chance-of-succeeding |accessdate=2013-03-07 |newspaper=US News |date=2013-03-01 |quote=At a news conference in Washington, D.C., Tito said he's tired of waiting for NASA to send humans to Mars, and that he'd help finance the between $1 and $2 billion needed to complete the mission.}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2013/11/20/dennis_tito_it_will_take_less_than_1_billion_to_make_mars_mission_happen/ |title=Dennis Tito: It will take "less than $1 billion" to make Mars mission happen |publisher=Salon.com |date=2013-11-20 |accessdate=2013-12-07}} 8. ^{{cite AV media|people=Gwynne Shotwell |date=2014-03-21 |title=Broadcast 2212: Special Edition, interview with Gwynne Shotwell |medium=audio file |url=http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3 |accessdate=2014-03-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322013556/http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3 |archivedate=22 March 2014 |format=mp3 |time=11:20–12:10 |publisher=The Space Show |id=2212 |quote= |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Morring|first=Frank, Jr. |title=Serious Intent About 2018 Human Mars Mission |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_03_04_2013_p24-553876.xml |accessdate=2013-03-07 |newspaper=Aviation Week and Space Technology |date=2013-03-04 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24633-ambitious-mars-joyride-cannot-succeed-without-nasa.html |title=Ambitious Mars joy-ride cannot succeed without NASA - space - 21 November 2013 |publisher=New Scientist |date=2013-11-21 |accessdate=2013-12-07}} 11. ^{{cite journal|author1=Nigel Henbest|authorlink1=Nigel Henbest|title=Race to Mars: Who will be first to the Red Planet?|journal=New Scientist|date=13 July 2013|pages=42–45|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21929252.100-race-to-mars-who-will-be-first-to-the-red-planet.html?full=true#.VS-3QKO8-D8}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.marssociety.org/home/inspiration-mars/rules |title=Rules |publisher=The Mars Society |date= |accessdate=2013-12-07}} 13. ^http://www.archives.marssociety.org/home/press/announcements/teamkanauwinsinspirationmarsstudentdesigncontest |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 14. ^{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Achenbach |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/going-to-mars-billionaire-dennis-tito-plans-manned-mission-with-possible-2017-launch/2013/11/20/b859bc76-51e8-11e3-9fe0-fd2ca728e67c_story.html |title=Going to Mars: Billionaire Dennis Tito plans manned mission with possible 2017 launch |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2011-02-24 |accessdate=2013-12-07}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/going-to-mars-billionaire-dennis-tito-plans-manned-mission-with-possible-2017-launch/2013/11/20/b859bc76-51e8-11e3-9fe0-fd2ca728e67c_story_1.html |title=Going to Mars: Billionaire Dennis Tito plans manned mission with possible 2017 launch |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2013-06-20 |accessdate=2013-12-07}} 16. ^1 {{cite news |title=Tycoon wants to send married couple on Mars flyby |first=Seth |last=Borenstein |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20130227/DA4N93K83.html |publisher=Excite |agency=Associated Press |date=27 February 2013 |accessdate=3 March 2013}} 17. ^1 {{cite news |title=The First Human Mission to Mars in 2018 (Updated) |first=Marc |last=Boucher |url=http://spaceref.com/mars/the-first-human-mission-to-mars-in-2018.html |work=SpaceRef |date=20 February 2013 |accessdate=28 February 2013}} 18. ^1 {{cite news |title=How a millionaire spaceflier intends to send astronauts past Mars in 2018|first=Alan |last=Boyle|url=http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/21/17038750-how-a-millionaire-spaceflier-intends-to-send-astronauts-past-mars-in-2018?lite |work=Cosmic Log |publisher=NBCNews.com |date= |accessdate=28 February 2013}} 19. ^1 {{cite news |title=Space Tourist to Announce Daring Manned Mars Voyage for 2018 |first=Adam |last=Mann |url=https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/02/dennis-tito-mars |work=Wired |date=20 February 2013 |accessdate=28 February 2013}} 20. ^1 {{cite news |title=Private Mission to Mars in 2018: Who Should Go? |first=Clara |last=Moskowitz |url=http://www.space.com/19998-inspiration-mars-mission-married-crew.html |work=space.com |date=28 February 2013 |accessdate=2 March 2013}} 21. ^1 {{cite news |title=Millionaire space tourist planning ‘historic journey’ to Mars in 2018 |first=Max |last=Sonnenberg |url=http://thespacereporter.com/2013/02/millionaire-space-tourist-planning-historic-journey-to-mars-in-2018/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226090920/http://thespacereporter.com/2013/02/millionaire-space-tourist-planning-historic-journey-to-mars-in-2018/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=26 February 2013 |newspaper=The Space Reporter |date=23 February 2013 |accessdate=28 February 2013 }} 22. ^{{cite news |title=Rep. Lamar Smith: US Should Go to Mars in 2021 |first=Melissa |last=Clyne|url=http://www.newsmax.com/US/lamar-smith-mars-space-race/2014/02/28/id/555377/ |newspaper=Newsmax |date=28 February 2014 |accessdate=20 April 2014}} }} External links{{Commons category|Inspiration Mars}}
10 : Human spaceflight|Exploration of Mars|Scientific research foundations in the United States|Dennis Tito|Missions to Mars|Human missions to Mars|Missions to Venus|Colonization of Mars|Proposed space probes|2013 establishments in Delaware |
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