| 词条 | R. Stephen Berry |
| 释义 |
| name = R. Stephen Berry | birth_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age |1931}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = University of Chicago | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = Harvard University A.B. 1952; A.M., 1954; Ph.D., 1956 | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = David J. Wales (postdoc) | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = {{URL|https://chemistry.uchicago.edu/faculty/faculty/person/member/r-stephen-berry.html}} | footnotes = }}R. Stephen Berry (born 1931 in Denver, Colorado) is a U.S. professor of physical chemistry.[1] He is the James Franck Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus at The University of Chicago. He was also Special Advisor for National Security to the Director, at Argonne National Laboratory.[2] Career and researchBerry joined the Chicago faculty in 1964, having been an Assistant Professor at Yale University and, between 1957 and 1960, an Instructor at the University of Michigan. At the University of Chicago, he has been a member of the Department of Chemistry, the James Franck Institute, the College, and, for many years, the Committee and then the School of Public Policy Studies.[1][2] He was Home Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences from 1999 until 2003. He has written one book, been co-author of four others, one with Stuart A. Rice and John Ross, another with Linda Gaines and Thomas V. Long, another with Vladimir Kazakov, Stanislaw Sieniutycz, Zbigniew Szwast, and Anatoly Tsirlin, and one with Boris Smirnov.[3] He was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1983.[4] His scientific studies have included both experimental and theoretical work. His doctoral thesis, directed by William Moffitt, was on the subject of the electronic structure of butadiene. He then went on to study alkali halides in the gas phase, first at the University of Michigan and then at Yale, using shock waves to produce sufficient dissociation of the molecules to ions to make it feasible to observe the photodetachment spectra of the halide ions, thus determining the electron affinities of the halogen atoms to four or five significant figures. He worked at Michigan with Martin Stiles to observe the free benzyne in the gas phase, and then, at Yale, with a graduate student Margaret Emery and an undergraduate Jon Clardy, they found the meta and para isomers of benzyne. He also worked with Walter Lwowski to study nitrenes in the gas phase.[1] In 1964, he moved to The University of Chicago, where he has worked on atomic and ionic collision processes, photoionization, the nature of correlation of valence electrons in atoms, and, more recently, on atomic and molecular clusters, and on protein dynamics. He became interested in energy and its efficient use first through concern about Chicago's air pollution in the 1960s. This led to what we believe one of the first public studies of what has become called "life cycle analysis." This was an analysis of the actual and ideal limiting energy and free energy use in the manufacture and disposal of the automobile, and was carried out with Margaret F. Fels. This led to many other such analyses, which now are done very frequently. This work, in turn, stimulated what has become known as "finite-time thermodynamics," the study of the optimal performance of processes constrained to operate in finite time or at nonzero rates. He has been very active in the study of atomic and molecular clusters, particularly in their phases and phase changes. This has led to a broader interest in bridging between the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of physical systems, especially of finding the boundary below which a macroscopic description fails.[1] His interests, apart from traditional scientific studies, have included energy and energy policy (which he is currently teaching with the economist George Tolley), scientific integrity issues, scientific information, its distribution and its contributions to policy and governmental decisions including those of the courts, and science education, particularly the problem of science illiteracy.[2] Personal lifeBerry is married to Carla Friedman Berry. They have two grown daughters, one son, two grandsons, and two granddaughters.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|title=Biography of R. Stephen Berry|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A|volume=106|issue=45|year=2002|pages=10733–10734|issn=1089-5639|doi=10.1021/jp0219552|bibcode=2002JPCA..10610733.}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Berry, R. Stephen}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|title=R. Stephen Berry|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=3|issue=1|year=2002|pages=2–3|issn=1422-0067|doi=10.3390/i3010002}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=R. Stephen Berry|url=https://chemistry.uchicago.edu/faculty/r-stephen-berry|publisher=University of Chicago|accessdate=5 January 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=R. Stephen Berry - MacArthur Foundation|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/133/|publisher=MacArthur Foundation|accessdate=5 January 2017}} 11 : 1931 births|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Living people|MacArthur Fellows|American physical chemists|Theoretical chemists|Westinghouse Science Talent Search winners|Guggenheim Fellows|University of Michigan faculty|Project Steve|Harvard University alumni |
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