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词条 International Criminal Court investigation in Mali
释义

  1. Background

  2. Referral

  3. Investigation

      Suspects  

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox ICC situation
| country = the Republic of Mali
| situation_number = 01/12
| referral = Mali
| referral_date = 13 July 2012
| begin_date = 16 January 2013
| incident = Northern Mali conflict
| crimes_groupA = War crimes
| crimes_group_A_1 = Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion
| crimes_group_A_2 = Destruction of cultural world heritage in the Malian city of Timbuktu
| suspect1 = Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi
| status1 = Completed
}}{{Campaignbox Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)}}

The International Criminal Court investigation in Mali or the Situation in the Republic of Mali is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court (ICC) into war crimes and other crimes within the ICC's jurisdiction that are alleged to have occurred during the Northern Mali conflict since January 2012.[1] The investigation was requested by the government of Mali in July 2012.[2][1][4][5] As the first person who pleaded guilty to a charge of the ICC, al-Mahdi made a statement expressing remorse and advising others not to commit similar acts.[1]

On 27 September 2016, al-Mahdi was sentenced to nine years in prison for the destruction of cultural world heritage in the Malian city of Timbuktu. At least nine mausoleums and one mosque were destroyed.[2]

Background

{{See also|Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)}}

Several human rights organisations reported on human rights abuses during the Northern Mali conflict that started in early 2012. The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and its Malian member organisation Association Malienne des Droits de l'Homme (AMDH)[8] published a detailed report[9] in December 2012, referring to evidence of a rape campaign in Gao and Timbuktu after their takeover by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), recruitment of 12- to 15-year-old children as child soldiers by Ansar Dine, and the summary execution of up to 153 Malian soldiers by the MNLA and Ansar Dine on 24 January 2012. Human Rights Watch reported the use of "several hundred" child soldiers by the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO), and Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).[11] Amnesty International published a detailed report in May 2012,[12] describing the human rights situation as "Mali's worst human rights situation in 50 years".[13]

Referral

On 13 July 2012, the government of Mali, represented by its Minister of Justice Malick Coulibaly, made a formal request to the ICC to investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity that took place in Mali since January 2012.[2][4][5]

Investigation

The ICC's Office of the Prosecutor gathered evidence, and on 16 January 2013, the Court formally started a full investigation led by Chief Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda.[1] Bensouda has determined that there is a reasonable basis to believe the following crimes were committed during the conflict: (i) murder; (ii) mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; (iii) intentionally directing attacks against protected objects; (iv) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgement pronounced by a regularly constituted court; (v) pillaging, and (vi) rape.[1] The 16 January 2013 ICC report[19] listed evidence for suspected crimes that include some attributed to the MNLA, such as the executions at Aguelhok of about 100 Malian army soldiers on 24 January 2012,[20] and some attributed to the Malian army, such as the Diabaly September 2012 massacre of 16 unarmed preachers.[21]

Suspects

{{Main|Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi}}

On 18 September 2015, the court issued an arrest warrant for Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi, who was accused of the war crime of intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, specifically the mausoleums and mosques located in Timbuktu. They were destroyed by members of Ansar Dine and other Islamist groups in 2012.

On 26 September 2015, he was sent from Niger to the court's detention center in The Hague.[3] On 27 September 2016, al-Mahdi was sentenced to nine years in prison for the destruction of cultural world heritage in the Malian city of Timbuktu.[2]

References

1. ^{{cite news|last=Calamur|first=Krishnadev|date=2016-08-22|title=Repenting for the Cultural Destruction of Timbuktu|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/08/the-timbuktu-trial/496838/|newspaper=The Atlantic|access-date=2016-08-22}}
2. ^1 [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37438360 Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi: The vandal of Timbuktu], BBC News (September 27, 2016).
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34368108|title=Timbuktu mausoleum destruction suspect sent to ICC|publisher=BBC News|date=2015-09-26|accessdate=2015-09-26}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=War Crimes in North Mali |work= |publisher=International Federation for Human Rights |date=2012-12-17 |url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG//pdf/mali592ang.pdf |format=PDF |doi= |accessdate=2013-01-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DqZIt4O3?url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG//pdf/mali592ang.pdf |archivedate=2013-01-21 |deadurl=no |df= }}
5. ^1 {{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Association Malienne des Droits de l'Homme (AMDH)|work=|publisher=International Federation for Human Rights|date=2013-01-21|url=http://www.fidh.org/-MALI-ASSOCIATION-MALIENNE-DES-|format=|doi=|accessdate=2013-01-21|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dqa0vF1L?url=http://www.fidh.org/-MALI-ASSOCIATION-MALIENNE-DES-|archivedate=2013-01-21|deadurl=no|df=}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Mali: Islamists Should Free Child Soldiers - 'Sending our Innocents to be Slaughtered,' Witness Says|work=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=2013-01-15|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/01/15/mali-islamists-should-free-child-soldiers|format=|doi=|accessdate=2013-01-21|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DqbLbZvF?url=http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/01/15/mali-islamists-should-free-child-soldiers|archivedate=2013-01-21|deadurl=no|df=}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Mali’s worst human rights situation in 50 years|work=|publisher=Amnesty International|date=2012-05-16|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/mali-s-worst-human-rights-situation-50-years-2012-05-15|format=|doi=|accessdate=2013-01-21|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DqcBKEDy?url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/mali-s-worst-human-rights-situation-50-years-2012-05-15|archivedate=2013-01-21|deadurl=no|df=}}
8. ^1 {{cite web |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Mali: five months of crisis - armed rebellion and military coup |work= |publisher=Amnesty International |date=2012-05-15 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr37/001/2012/en/ |format=PDF |doi= |accessdate=2013-01-21 |df= }}
9. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=FIDH and AMDH welcome the opening of an ICC investigation in Mali|work=|publisher=International Federation for Human Rights|date=2013-02-13|url=http://www.fidh.org/FIDH-and-AMDH-welcome-the-opening-12743|format=|doi=|accessdate=2013-02-13|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6EPOytkzW?url=http://www.fidh.org/FIDH-and-AMDH-welcome-the-opening-12743|archivedate=2013-02-13|deadurl=no|df=}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Mali: ICC investigation of conflict crimes a key step towards justice|work=|publisher=Amnesty International|date=2013-01-16|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/mali-icc-investigation-conflict-crimes-key-step-towards-justice-2013-01-16|format=|doi=|accessdate=2013-02-13|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6EPRLUdtd?url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/mali-icc-investigation-conflict-crimes-key-step-towards-justice-2013-01-16|archivedate=2013-02-13|deadurl=no|df=}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Coulibaly |first=Malick |coauthors= |title=Renvoi de la situation au Mali |language=French |work= |publisher=Ministry of Justice of Mali |date=2012-07-13 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/A245A47F-BFD1-45B6-891C-3BCB5B173F57/0/ReferralLetterMali130712.pdf |format=PDF |doi= |accessdate=2013-01-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DqXSuQId?url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/A245A47F-BFD1-45B6-891C-3BCB5B173F57/0/ReferralLetterMali130712.pdf |archivedate=2013-01-21 |deadurl=no |df= }}
12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=ICC Prosecutor opens investigation into war crimes in Mali: "The legal requirements have been met. We will investigate"|work=|publisher=International Criminal Court|date=2013-01-16|url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/news%20and%20highlights/Pages/pr869.aspx|format=|doi=|accessdate=2013-01-21|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DqYAQvCp?url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/news%20and%20highlights/Pages/pr869.aspx|archivedate=2013-01-21|deadurl=no|df=}}
13. ^1 {{cite web |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Situation in Mali - Article 53(1) Report |work= |publisher=International Criminal Court |date=2013-01-16 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/icc0112/Documents/SASMaliArticle53_1PublicReportENG16Jan2013.pdf |format=PDF |doi= |accessdate=2013-01-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DqdFx5j4?url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/icc0112/Documents/SASMaliArticle53_1PublicReportENG16Jan2013.pdf |archivedate=2013-01-21 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
14. ^1 {{citation|title=Massacre of preachers in Mali sign of broken army |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/massacre-preachers-mali-sign-broken-army |publisher=Associated Press |date=22 September 2012 |accessdate=14 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dqe1dMuE?url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/massacre-preachers-mali-sign-broken-army |archivedate=21 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}.
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20120213-tuareg-rebels-behind-january-killings-confirms-mali-army |title=Tuareg rebels behind January killings, confirms Mali army |publisher=Radio France International |date=13 February 2012 |archivedate=23 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6COdWRCK0?url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20120213-tuareg-rebels-behind-january-killings-confirms-mali-army |deadurl=no |accessdate=7 March 2012 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite news | first= | last= | pages= | title= | date=2013-MM-DD | publisher= | url= |accessdate=2013-01-21 }}
17. ^{{cite web| last =| first =| authorlink =| coauthors =| title =| work =| publisher =| date =2013-01-21| url = |format =| doi =| accessdate =2013-01-21 }}
[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]


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External links

  • Situation in the Republic of Mali – International Criminal Court
{{International Criminal Court}}

5 : 2012 in Mali|2013 in Mali|International Criminal Court investigations|Northern Mali conflict|Politics of Mali
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