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词条 International Docking Adapter
释义

  1. History

     APAS to LIDS Adaptor System  Common Docking Adapter 

  2. Design

  3. Deployment of IDA modules

     IDA-1  IDA-2  IDA-3 

  4. Gallery

  5. See also

  6. References

The International Docking Adapter (IDA) is a spacecraft docking system adapter developed to convert APAS-95 to the NASA Docking System (NDS)/ International Docking System Standard (IDSS). An IDA is placed on each of the International Space Station's (ISS) two open Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs), both of which are connected to the Harmony module.

History

Prior to IDA there were several different iterations of docking adapters that were meant to fill a similar role but were ultimately canceled.

APAS to LIDS Adaptor System

The APAS to LIDS Adaptor System (ATLAS) was announced in 2008.[1] It would have been placed on the open PMAs and converted APAS-95 to the Low Impact Docking System (LIDS).[1] ATLAS was planned to be launched on Orion's first two missions to the International Space Station.[1] Orion's missions to the ISS were later canceled altogether and its role as a crew transporter was replaced by the Commercial Crew Program.[2]

Common Docking Adapter

The Common Docking Adapter (CDA) was announced in 2009.[3] It was planned to be used to convert the Common Berthing Mechanism to the NASA Docking System.[4] The CDAs would have been attached directly to Node-2 forward and Node-2 zenith.[4] They would have been delivered on the Japanese HTV cargo spacecraft.[4]

Design

IDA converts APAS-95 to the NASA Docking System (which complies with the International Docking System Standard) and allows the transfer of crew, cargo, power and data.[5] IDA has a mass of {{convert|526|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|42|in|cm|order=flip|abbr=on}} and a width of {{convert|63|in|cm|order=flip|abbr=on}}.[5][6] When including the docking targets, laser retro-reflectors and related systems that are arrayed around the outer perimeters, the outer diameter is about {{convert|94|in|cm|order=flip|abbr=on}}.[5]

Boeing is the primary contractor for the IDAs and the adapters were assembled at their Houston Product Support Center.[7][8] Parts from subcontractors came from 25 American states and the primary structure is from Russian company RSC Energia.[5][8]

Deployment of IDA modules

When each IDA arrives, Dextre removes it from Dragon's trunk and moves it to about {{convert|1|ft|cm|order=flip|abbr=on}} from the front of the PMA. It then moves the IDA carefully into position until it is seated on the PMA and holds it there.[8] Astronauts during an Extravehicular activity then complete the electrical connections and permanently connect it to the PMA.[8]

IDA-1 was planned to be attached to Node-2's forward PMA.[19] IDA-2 was originally planned to be attached to Node-2's zenith PMA.[19][21] But following the loss of IDA-1, IDA-2 was instead attached to Node-2's forward PMA (PMA-2).[9][10] IDA-3, a replacement for IDA-1, is planned to be installed at Node-2's zenith PMA (PMA-3).[9]

IDA-1

In Feb 2015, IDA-1 had been transported to the Kennedy Space Center while IDA-2 was still at Boeing's Houston facility.[8] The systems and targets for IDA-1 were put through about a month of tests at the Space Station Processing Facility before being loaded for launch.[5]

IDA-1 was lost during the launch failure of SpaceX CRS-7 on June 28, 2015.[11][12][13]

IDA-2

IDA-2 was launched on SpaceX CRS-9 on 18 July 2016.[14] It was attached and connected to PMA-2 during a spacewalk on 19 August 2016.[10]

IDA-3

IDA-3 is scheduled to be launched on the SpaceX CRS-18 mission in July 2019.[15] IDA-3 is being built mostly from spare parts to speed construction.[16]

Gallery

See also

  • Comparison of spacecraft docking and berthing mechanisms

References

{{commons category|International Docking Adapter}}
1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nasa-develops-new-docking-system-for-constellation-220598/|title=NASA develops new docking system for Constellation|last=Coppinger|first=Rob|date=4 Jan 2008|publisher=Flightglobal|accessdate=19 January 2015|location=London}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/40957orion-no-backup-for-commercial-crew-says-bolden/|title=Orion No Backup for Commercial Crew, Says Bolden|last=Klotz|first=Irene|date=18 June 2014|publisher=SpaceNews|accessdate=28 February 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=32552|title=Recovery Act: United States On-orbit Segment Phase II Development of International Space Station Common Docking Adapter|date=7 Oct 2009|publisher=SpaceRef|accessdate=28 February 2015}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110005478.pdf|title=NASA Docking System (NDS) Technical Integration Meeting|last=Hatfield|first=Skip|date=17 Nov 2010|publisher=NASA|accessdate=28 February 2015}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/docking-adapter-sets-stage-for-commercial-crew-craft|title=Docking Adapter Sets Stage for Commercial Crew Craft|last=Siceloff|first=Steven|date=27 June 2015|publisher=NASA|accessdate=28 June 2015|location=Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/spacex_crs7_mission_overview.pdf|title=SpaceX CRS-7 Mission Overview|date=June 2015|publisher=NASA|accessdate=28 June 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6GmuRY5bHA&t=43m44s|title=SpaceX Pre-Launch Briefing from NASA's Kennedy Space Center|date=27 June 2015|publisher=NASA|accessdate=28 June 2015}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2qtIfuoyig|title= Space Station Live: The ABCs of IDA (video)|date=20 Feb 2015|publisher=NASA|accessdate=28 February 2015}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/5-Status_of_ISS.pdf|title=HSF Transition from ISS to cis-lunar space and ISS Status|last=Scimemi|first=Sam|date=November 4, 2015|publisher=NASA|accessdate=29 November 2015}}
10. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Harwood|first1=William|title=Spacewalkers attach docking adapter to space station for commercial vehicles|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/08/19/spacewalkers-attach-new-port-to-space-station-for-commercial-spacecraft/|accessdate=20 August 2016|agency=Spaceflight|date=19 August 2016}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/672214main_1-Hartman_July12_NAC_Final_508.pdf|title=International Space Station Program Status|last=Hartman|first=Dan|date=23 July 2012|publisher=NASA|accessdate=10 August 2012}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/ISS-USOS-Program-Status-NAC-Public-July-2014.pdf|title=Status of the ISS USOS|last=Hartman|first=Daniel|date=July 2014|publisher=NASA Advisory Council HEOMD Committee|accessdate=26 October 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://spacenews.com/docking-adapter-satellites-student-experiments-lost-in-dragon-failure/|title=Docking Adapter, Satellites, Student Experiments Lost In Dragon Failure|last=Foust|first=Jeff|date=28 June 2015|publisher=SpaceNews|accessdate=29 June 2015}}
14. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/spacex-launches-seventh-mission-2016-nasas-crs-9/ |title= SpaceX Conducts Second Ground Landing After Launch Of CRS-9 Dragon To ISS |author= Jason Rhian |date= 18 July 2016 |publisher= Spaceflight Insider }}
15. ^{{cite web |title=United States Commercial ELV Launch Manifest |url=http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/uscom-man.txt |first=Steven |last=Pietrobon |date=August 20, 2018 |access-date=August 21, 2018}}
16. ^{{cite news |url= https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/05/01/boeing-borrows-from-inventory-to-speed-docking-adapter-delivery/ |title= Boeing borrows from inventory to speed docking adapter delivery |author= Stephen Clark |date= 1 May 2016 |publisher= Spaceflight Now }}
{{ISS modules}}{{Spacecraft Docking Systems}}{{NASA space program}}

4 : Spacecraft components|Spacecraft docking systems|2015 in spaceflight|Components of the International Space Station
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