| 词条 | Inuoumono |
| 释义 |
Originally intended as a military training exercise,[2] dog-shooting became popular as a sport among the Japanese nobility during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods (1185-1573).[3] During this time it was briefly banned during the rule of Emperor Go-Daigo (owing to his concern for the dogs); however, this ruling was overturned by the shōgun Ashikaga Takauji at the behest of his archery teacher Ogasawara Sadamune.[4] The influential Ogasawara family were particular adherents of inuoumono; Sadamune's archery treatise Inuoumono mikuanbumi regarded it as fundamental to a warrior's training, and his great-grandson Mochinaga devoted five books to the subject.[5] The arrows used in dog-shooting were usually rendered non-fatal, by being either padded[6] or blunted.[7] This modification to the original sport was suggested by the Buddhist clergy, as a way of preventing injury to the dogs used.[8] Inuoumono waned in popularity during the sixteenth century and has been largely extinct as a practice since then. It was eventually banned outright during the reign of Tokugawa Iemochi. Occasional revivals have taken place: there is a record of the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyoshi viewing dog-shooting in 1842, and the sport was performed for Ulysses S. Grant during an official visit to Japan in 1879 (Grant reportedly expressed distaste for the practice).[9] The last recorded instance of dog-shooting took place before the Meiji Emperor in 1881.[3] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Louis Frédéric|author2=Käthe Roth|title=Japan Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA392|accessdate=22 February 2013|year=2002|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-01753-5|page=392}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=Mari Womack|title=Sport As Symbol: Images of the Athlete in Art, Literature and Song|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TuV9nGAW04C&pg=PA131|accessdate=22 May 2012|year=2003|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1579-3|pages=131}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author=Doris G. Bargen|title=Suicidal Honor: General Nogi and the Writings of Mori Oḡai and Natsume Sos̄eki|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riI6iDtJGboC&pg=PA107|accessdate=22 May 2012|year=2006|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2998-8|pages=107}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Jeffrey P. Mass|title=The Origins of Japan's Medieval World: Courtiers, Clerics, Warriors, and Peasants in the Fourteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0-dGA8JtXcC&pg=PA232|accessdate=22 May 2012|date=1 September 2002|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-4379-2|pages=232}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=G. Cameron Hurst|title=Armed Martial Arts of Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtjiNeRJXmsC&pg=PA121|accessdate=27 June 2012|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-11674-8|pages=120–121}} 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Yoko Woodson|author2=Junʼichi Takeuchi|author3=Thomas Cleary |author4=Takeuchi Jun'ichi |author5=Morihiro Hosokawa |author6=Junko Abe |author7=Asian Art Museum--Chong-Moon Lee Center for Asian Art and Culture |author8=Eisei Bunko|title=Lords of the samurai: the legacy of a daimyo family|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d7JGAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=22 May 2012|date=5 May 2009|publisher=Asian Art Museum--Chong-Moon Lee Center for Asian Art and Culture|isbn=978-0-939117-46-8|page=131}} 7. ^{{cite book|author1=Charles E. Grayson|author2=Mary French|author3=Michael J. O'Brien|title=Traditional Archery from Six Continents: The Charles E. Grayson Collection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwmWp4hSOMIC&pg=PA38|accessdate=22 May 2012|date=1 November 2007|publisher=University of Missouri Press|isbn=978-0-8262-1751-6|pages=38 (caption)}} 8. ^{{cite book|author1=Thomas Louis|author2=Tommy Ito|title=Samurai: The Code of the Warrior|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wExlaM1ov0sC&pg=PA61|accessdate=22 May 2012|date=5 August 2008|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4027-6312-0|pages=61}} 9. ^{{cite book|author1=Allen Guttmann|author2=Lee Austin Thompson|title=Japanese Sports: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbOau1trIMMC&pg=PA52|accessdate=22 May 2012|year=2001|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2464-8|pages=52}} 1 : Japanese archery |
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