| 词条 | Ruch Chorzów | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| clubname = Ruch Chorzów | image = Ruch Chorzów.svg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Ruch Chorzów S.A. | nickname = Niebiescy (The Blues), Niebieska eRka (The Blue R), HKS (from Hutniczy KS) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1920|4|20}} | ground = Stadion Miejski w Chorzowie | capacity = 9,300[1] | chairman = Jan Chrapek | manager = Marek Wleciałowski | league = II liga | season = 2017–18 | position = I liga, 18th (relegated) | pattern_la1=_whitelines|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=_whitelines|pattern_sh1=_adidaswhite|pattern_so1=_color_3_stripes_white | leftarm1=0000FF|body1=0000FF|rightarm1=0000FF|shorts1=0000FF|socks1=0000FF| | pattern_la2=_bluelines|pattern_b2=_2blueshoulderstripes|pattern_ra2=_bluelines|pattern_sh2=_adidasblue | leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF| | current = 2017–18 I liga | website = http://www.ruchchorzow.com.pl }} Ruch Chorzów ({{IPA-pol|ˈrux ˈxɔʐuf}}) is a Polish association football club based in Chorzów, Upper Silesia. It is one of the most successful football teams in Poland: fourteen-time national champions, and three-time winners of the Polish Cup. Currently the team plays in the Polish Third Division. Their stadium capacity is 9,300 seats.[2] Ruch Chorzów has also had a very successful female handball team (9 times national champions). HistoryThe club was founded on 20 April 1920 in Bismarkhuta (German Bismarckhütte, historically Hajduki), one of the many heavily industrialised municipalities in the eastern part of Upper Silesia, a disputed province between Poland and Germany. The main incentive was an appeal of the Polish Plebiscite Committee a few months earlier that led to creation of around one hundred sport associations. It took place in between the first and second Silesian Uprisings, to which the name Ruch is a supposed cover reference.[3] The Polish word ruch is however also a common noun for movement, not as strongly associated with Polishness as names of many other clubs established after the appeal (like Polonia, Powstaniec etc.). On the other hand, the club's first match, a 3:1 win against Orzeł Józefowiec, was played on 3 May 1920, the day of the first Polish Constitution. After the Upper Silesia plebiscite and the third Silesian Uprising in 1921 Bismarkhuta became part of Poland and the Silesian Voivodeship. The municipality was renamed to Wielkie Hajduki on 1 January 1923,[4] hence the club was known as Ruch Wielkie Hajduki until another merger into the town Chorzów (created in 1934 from amalgamation of Królewska Huta, Chorzów and Hajduki Nowe) in the early 1939, with a short period in 1923 after the fusion with the older local German club Bismarckhütter Ballspiel Club, when it was known as Ruch BBC Wielkie Hajduki. After the merger the team played its games on the former BBC's pitch known as na Kalinie.[5] The popular nickname of the club Niebiescy (The Blues) clung to the team already in the 1920s.[6] In autumn of 1920 Ruch won the promotion to the nascent Silesian Klasa A (see also: Lower Level Football Leagues in Interwar Poland). The Blues were third out of fourteen teams in its first season, unfinished due to the third Silesian Uprising. The next year Ruch won the championship of the Silesian Klasa A and represented the region in the 1922 Polish Football Championship. In 1924 the club finished second in the regional top league, behind AKS Królewska Huta, before 1924 considered German and known as Verein für Rasenspiele Königshütte, the first team Ruch had developed a local rivalry with. In 1925 the Silesian Klasa A did not play, instead Stanisław Flieger's Cup took place, ultimately won by Ruch, which gave the side a start in the only interwar Polish Cup competition in 1926. On 4 July 1926 Józef Sobota, before 1920 a BBC's player, became the first Ruch's player (and the fourth from Upper Silesia) of the Polish National Team, who also scored a goal (against Estonia). In the same year, two weeks after the national Cup Ruch won for the second time the regional Klasa A, firmly establishing itself as one of the strongest football clubs in this densely populated region and as such it was among the founding clubs of the Polish national league in 1927. In 1933 Ruch won its first Championship as the first side from Silesia, with all the players who were born not further as a few kilometers from the na Kalinie pitch.[7] Thus the first truly golden era began. The local steel mill (since 1934 known as Huta Batory) began to financially support the side. In the winter of 1933 the most noteworthy players such as Edmund Giemsa, Teodor Peterek and Gerard Wodarz were joined by legendary Ernst Wilimowski, bought from 1. FC Kattowitz, who with Peterek and Wodarz were collectively nicknamed the three kings and helped to win another 4 championships (1934, 1935, 1936, 1938). On 1 November 1934 the club, as the last in the league, employed its first coach, Gustav Wieser.[8] The side was also a leader in the unfinished season 1939. The successes rendered the club the most popular in the voivodeship and accelerated building of the new stadium in the years 1934-1935, the current Stadion Miejski. After the German occupation of Poland in 1939, the club was officially discontinued but unofficially was simply renamed Bismarckhütter SV 99 and joined the Gauliga Oberschlesien in 1941.[9] The club was officially re-established after the war. In 1947 Ruch won the regional championships. In 1948, under communist pressure (Stalinisation), the club was renamed Unia Chorzów, in 1955 it became Unia-Ruch, and finally in 1956 returned to the name Ruch. As Unia the club finished third in the first season of the reactivated national league in 1948 and in 1950 as the second team. In 1951 the club won the reactivated Polish Cup edition and were rewarded with the title of the National Champions (even though they were only sixth in the league). The next two years the club also won the title, first in 1952 after final against Polonia Bytom, another local bitter rival, and in 1953 after finishing the league on the top position. The most renowned player of that era was Gerard Cieślik, who dedicated his whole life to the club and became its icon. The years 1957-1966 are considered a lost decade, completely overshadowed by the successes of the new biggest regional rival, Górnik Zabrze, even though the club won the championships in 1960. A record of its kind in the national football history as the team consisted of only 14 players, 11 of whom originated in the town of Chorzów. The turn of the tide came in the season 1967/68 when Ruch won the 10th championship title breaking Górnik Zabrze's streak of five consecutive titles. Another golden era for the Blues arrived in the early 1970s with Michal Vičan as a coach. In 1972/73 the club finished second, in 1973/73 they won the only double in the history (the championship and the cup) and advanced up to the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup. In 1974/75 they again won the league and qualified to the quarter-finals of the European Cup. The most praised players of that times were Bronisław Bula, Zygmunt Maszczyk and Joachim Marx. These successes were followed by a bad financial plight and mediocre results until 1978/79, when the club won its 13th Championship title. In the 1980s the club was one of the poorest in the national league. The worst came in the season 1986/87, when the club, the only one in the country which so far played all the seasons of the official national top league, was relegated to the second tier. Especially shifty were the circumstances of the relegation decider, against Lechia Gdańsk, when Ruch's goalkeeper Janusz Jojko scored an infamous and bizarre own goal and the club lost the game 1:2.[10] After one year Ruch returned to the top flight as winners of the seconed league and won the 14th Championship title, as the second freshly-promoted club in the national history (the first was Cracovia in 1937), a feat, especially as it was still one of the poorest clubs in the top tier and over half of the players were home-grown,[11] including e.g. Dariusz Gęsior and the most renowned Krzysztof Warzycha, who was also, with 24 goals, the top scorer of the season. After the political turnover in Poland in 1989 Ruch did not fare well for the first two seasons. The money from the transfer of Krzysztof Warzycha to Panathinaikos A.O. finished quickly. The team began to compete with the top teams first in 1991/92 finishing in the fifth spot, fourth the next year, furthermore the second team (Ruch II) reached the Polish cup final. Ruch was demoted for the second time in the history in the season 1994/95. As before the stay in the second tier lasted one season. While playing in the second league Ruch won its third Polish Cup trophy. In 1998 Ruch reached the final of the UEFA Intertoto Cup and in the season 1999/2000 finished third in the league. The crisis came in 2002/2003 when the club was relegated from the top tier for the third time and in the next season was for the first time in history in danger of being demoted to the third tier, however the club won the relegation play-offs against Stal Rzeszów (1:1, 2:0). In 2005 the club was restructured as spółka akcyjna. The Blues won the promotion to the top flight in the season 2006/2007. In 2009 the side reached Polish Cup final, the next year The Blues finished third in the league. The best season in the recent history was 2011/2012 when Ruch was vice-champion (only 1 point behind the champions, Śląsk Wrocław) and reached the final of the national cup (lost 0:3 against Legia Warsaw). Achievements
Current squad{{updated|3 October 2018.}}[13]{{Fs start}}{{Fs player|no= 1|nat=POL|name=Adam Wilk|pos=GK|other=on loan from KS Cracovia}}{{Fs player|no= 2|nat=POL|name=Gracjan Komarnicki|pos=DF}}{{Fs player|no= 4|nat=POL|name=Mateusz Machala|pos=DF}}{{Fs player|no= 5|nat=POL|name=Dominik Małkowski|pos=DF}}{{Fs player|no= 7|nat=POL|name=Bartłomiej Wdowik|pos=MF}}{{Fs player|no= 8|nat=POL|name=Patryk Sikora|pos=MF}}{{Fs player|no= 9|nat=POL|name=Mateusz Majewski|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=10|nat=POL|name=Mateusz Bogusz|pos=MF}}{{Fs player|no=11|nat=POL|name=Tomasz Podgórski|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=14|nat=POL|name=Mateusz Bartolewski|pos=DF}}{{Fs player|no=16|nat=POL|name=Michał Walski|pos=MF}}{{Fs player|no=17|nat=POL|name=Maciej Urbańczyk|pos=MF}}{{Fs player|no=18|nat=SVK|name=Lukáš Ďuriška|pos=MF|other=on loan from Raków Częstochowa}}{{Fs mid}}{{Fs player|no=24|nat=POL|name=Wojciech Kędziora|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=27|nat=POL|name=Bartosz Nowakowski|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=31|nat=POL|name=Dominik Byszewski|pos=GK}}{{Fs player|no=32|nat=POL|name=Robert Obst|pos=MF}}{{Fs player|no=33|nat=POL|name=Piotr Giel|pos=FW|other=on loan from GKS Tychy}}{{Fs player|no=34|nat=POL|name=Artur Balicki|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=71|nat=POL|name=Lukasz Jaworek|pos=DF}}{{Fs player|no=73|nat=POL|name=Bartłomiej Kulejewski|pos=DF}}{{Fs player|no=82|nat=POL|name=Jakub Bielecki|pos=GK}}{{Fs player|no=87|nat=POL|name=Kewin Paszek|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=94|nat=POL|name=Kamil Lech|pos=GK}}{{Fs player|no=—|nat=UKR|name=Pavlo Myahkov|pos=MF}}{{Fs player|no=—|nat=POL|name=Paweł Mandrysz|pos=FW}}{{Fs end}}Out on loan{{Fs start}}{{Fs player|no=—|nat=POL|name=Paweł Starzyński|pos=DF|other=at Gwarek Tarnowskie Góry until 30 June 2019}}{{Fs player|no=—|nat=POL|name=Michał Rutkowski|pos=DF|other=at Sola Oswiecim until 30 June 2019}}{{fs mid}}{{Fs player|no=—|nat=POL|name=Karol Wiszynski|pos=FW|other=at Szombierki Bytom until 30 June 2019}}{{Fs player|no=—|nat=POL|name=Kewin Paszek|pos=GK|other=at Stal Brzeg until 30 June 2019}}{{Fs end}}Managerial history[14]
Ruch in Europe
Supporters and rivalriesRuch's popularity exploded in the 1930s and remained strong up to this date, especially in Upper Silesia. A specific subculture of szalikowcy (the name derived from szalik - scarf) developed in the 1970s, as elsewhere in the country, but in the region only after it first appeared among the fans of Polonia Bytom.[15] There are also hooligans (Psycho Fans, formed in the mid 1990s) and ultras („Nucleo Ultra '03" from 2003, replaced by „Ultras Niebiescy”, formed in 2008). Expressions of Upper Silesian identity are often displayed with golden-blue flagues, on banners (like controversial „Oberschlesien”,[16][17] now banned, or „To my Naród Śląski”[18] - It's us - Silesian Nation) or in chants. Ruch's supporters maintain friendships with fans of Widzew Łódź (since 2005), Elana Toruń, Atlético Madrid.[19] The biggest animosity is held against followers Górnik Zabrze (The Great Silesian Derby), GKS Katowice, Polonia Bytom (the oldest Silesian derby[20][21]), Zagłębie Sosnowiec, Legia Warszawa, Lech Poznań.[15] Notable individual supporters of Ruch are, among others:
NotesReferences
|author1=Gowarzewski Andrzej |author2=Głyk Wioletta |title = O tytuł mistrza Polski 1920–2000 |publisher = GiA, Katowice |year = 2000 |language= Polish |isbn = 83-88232-02-9}}
|author1=Gowarzewski Andrzej |author2=Waloszek Joachim |title = Ruch Chorzów: 75 lat "Niebieskich" |publisher = GiA, Katowice |year = 1995 |language= Polish |isbn = 83-902751-3-9}}
|author1=Bagier Tadeusz |author2=Dutkowski Zbigniew |author3=Kraszkiewicz Mirosław |title = Pięćdziesiąt lat Klubu Sportowego "Ruch" Chorzów |publisher = Wydawnictwo Artystyczno-Graficzne Chorzów |year = 1970 |language= Polish |isbn = }}
|author1=Gorzelany Franciszek |author2=Miklica Bogusław |title = 40-lecie Klubu Sportowego "Ruch" Chorzów |publisher = Wydawnictwo "Prasa" Katowice |year = 1960 |language= Polish |isbn = |display-authors=etal}}
|author = Collective work under Henryk Rechowicz editorial |authorlink = |title = Z najnowszych dziejów kultury fizycznej i turystyki |publisher = Wydawnictwo AWF Katowice |year = 1994 |language= Polish |isbn = }}
|author = Collective work |title = 80 lat OZPN [Okręgowego Związku Piłki Nożnej] Katowice: 1920–2000 |publisher = GiA, Katowice |year = 2000 |language= Polish |isbn = 83-88232-03-7}}
|author = Kurek Jacek |title = Historia Wielkich Hajduk |publisher = Związek Górnośląski. Koło "Wielkie Hajduki", Rococo Chorzów-Batory |year = 2001 |language= pl |isbn = 83-86293-29-2}}
|author = Gowarzewski Andrzej |title = Biało-czerwoni : piłkarska reprezentacja Polski 1921–2001 : ludzie mecze fakty daty |publisher = GiA, Katowice |year = 2001 |language= Polish |isbn = 83-88232-08-8}}
|author1=Gowarzewski Andrzej |author2=Waloszek Joachim |title = 75 lat OZPN [Okręgowego Związku Piłki Nożnej] Katowice: 1920–1995, ludzie, historia, fakty |publisher = GiA, Katowice |year = 1996 |language= Polish |isbn = 83-902751-7-1}}
|author = Czapliński Marek (red.) |title = Historia Śląska |publisher = Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław |year = 2002 |language= Polish |isbn = 83-229-2213-2}} External links{{Commons category|Ruch Chorzów}}
3 : Association football clubs established in 1920|Ruch Chorzów|1920 establishments in Poland |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。