| 词条 | Rufane Shaw Donkin |
| 释义 |
|name=Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin |birth_date=1772 |death_date=1 May 1841 |birth_place= |death_place= |image= Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin.PNG |caption=Rufane Shaw Donkin |nickname= |allegiance= {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom |serviceyears= |rank=Lieutenant General |branch={{army|United Kingdom}} |commands= |unit= |battles= |awards= Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath |laterwork= }} Lieutenant General Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCH|KCB|FRS|FRGS}} (1772{{snd}}1 May 1841), was a British army officer of the Napoleonic era and later Member of Parliament. BackgroundRufane Donkin came of a military family and was the eldest child of General Robert Donkin, who had served with many famous British commanders including Wolfe and Gage and his Colonel, William Rufane. Young Rufane was baptised at St David's Church, Exeter on 9 October 1772 with the name Rusaw Shaw Donkin. ServiceBecoming a captain in 1793, Donkin saw active service in the West Indies in the next year, gaining promotion to major in 1796. At the age of twenty-five he became a lieutenant-colonel and in 1798 led a light battalion with distinction in Popham's expedition to Ostend. He served with Cathcart in Denmark in 1807 and two years later won command of a brigade of three regiments in the army in Portugal, which he led in victory at the Second Battle of Porto (May 1809).[1] On the day before the Battle of Talavera (July 1809), an advance French force surprised Donkin's brigade (positioned ahead of the main British army) before they could post pickets: the British had over 400 casualties. Donkin fell back, rallied the men at the main line and led the brigade throughout the battle. The Army then transferred Donkin, in the role of quartermaster-general, to the Mediterranean command. He served there from 1810 to 1813, taking part in the Catalan expeditions under Lieutenant-General Frederick Maitland (1812) and Lord William Bentinck (1813). In July 1815, the now Major-General Donkin received a posting to India, distinguishing himself as a divisional commander in Hastings's operations against the Mahrattas (1817–1818) and receiving the KCB as his reward. The death of his young wife Elizabeth Frances née Markham[2][3] seriously affected him, after that he went to the Cape of Good Hope on extended sick leave. From 1820 to 1821 he administered the Cape Colony with success as acting Governor. He named the rising seaport of Algoa Bay Port Elizabeth in memory of his wife and in August 1820 erected a memorial to her on a hill overlooking Algoa Bay.[4] In 1821 he became lieutenant-general and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order.[1] Post-armyThe rest of Donkin's life passed in literary and political work. He was one of the original fellows of the Royal Geographical Society, and was a member of the Royal Society and of many other learned bodies. His theories as to the course of the River Niger, published under the title Dissertation on the Course and Probable Termination of the Niger (London, 1829), involved him in a good deal of controversy. From 1832 to 1837 he sat in the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in 1835 became Surveyor-General of the Ordnance. He was elected as MP for Sandwich in 1839, and held that seat until he committed suicide at Southampton on 1 May 1841. He was then a general, and colonel of the 11th Regiment of Foot.[1] He is listed as one of the important graves lost on the Burdett Coutts Memorial in Old St. Pancras Churchyard in London. Rufane Donkin's cousin, Charles Collier Michell, served as the surveyor-general of the Cape Colony. See also
References1. ^1 2 {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Donkin, Sir Rufane Shaw |volume=8 |page=417}} 2. ^{{cite book|last = Burke| first = John| authorlink = John Burke (genealogist)| title = A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank, but uninvested with heritable honours| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0I9AAAAAcAAJ| accessdate = 2012-09-07| volume = 2| year = 1835| publisher = Colburn| page = 69| quote = DONKIN, SIR RUFANE-SHAW, [...] m. first, Elizabeth-Frances, eldest daughter of the Very Rev. Dr. George Markham, dean of York, and grand-daughter of the late Archbishop of York [...][ca. 1818]}} 3. ^{{cite book| last = Markham| first = Edward| editor-last = McCormick| editor-first = E.H.| title = New Zealand or recollections of it| url = http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document?wid=3224| accessdate = 2013-04-07| year = 1963| publisher = Government Printer| location = Wellington| pages = 13–14| quote = [...] on 30 August 1815 the Dean's eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married General Rufane Donkin, who soon afterwards left for India to take up the appointment of Quartermaster-General. [...] 'Poor Bessie' [...] bore a son and died at Meerut [ca 1818].}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Selwyn|first=William|title=Cape carols and miscellaneous verses|year=1891|publisher=Argus Print. and Pub. Co|location=Cape Town|page=21|url=https://archive.org/stream/capecarolsmiscel00selwuoft#page/21/mode/1up|chapter=The Port Elizabeth Pyramid|accessdate=2014-01-09}} External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Berwick-upon-Tweed | years = 1832–1837 | with = Sir Francis Blake 1832–1835 | with2 = James Bradshaw 1835–1837 | before = Marcus Beresford | before2=Sir Francis Blake | after = Richard Hodgson | after2=William Holmes }}{{s-bef | before = Sir James Rivett-Carnac, Bt | before2 = Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt }}{{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Sandwich | years = 1839–1841 | with = Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt }}{{s-aft | after = Hugh Hamilton Lindsay | after2 = Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt }}{{s-mil}}{{succession box | title=Surveyor-General of the Ordnance | before=Lord Edward Somerset | after=Charles Richard Fox | years=1835–1841}} |-{{s-bef | before=Sir Henry Tucker Montresor}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of the 11th (the North Devonshire) Regiment of Foot | years=1837–1841}}{{s-aft | after=John Wilson}} |-{{s-bef | before=Sir Alexander Campbell, 1st Baronet}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) | years=1825–1837}}{{s-aft | after=John Taylor}}{{s-end}}{{British Governors of the Cape Colony}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Donkin, Rufane Shaw}} 15 : 1773 births|1841 deaths|Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order|Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath|Fellows of the Royal Society|British Army generals|British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars|British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars|City founders|Devonshire Regiment officers|Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|UK MPs 1832–35|UK MPs 1835–37|UK MPs 1837–41 |
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