| 词条 | Iris brandzae |
| 释义 |
|name = Iris brandzae |image = |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Monocots |ordo = Asparagales |familia = Iridaceae |subfamilia = Iridoideae |tribus = Irideae |genus = Iris |subgenus =Limniris |series = Spuriae |species = Iris brandzae |binomial = Iris brandzae |binomial_authority = Zapal |synonyms = {{Species list | Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae |Prod. [1]}} }} Iris brandzae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in Series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, originally from Romania with violet and white flowers. It was once thought to be a subspecies of Iris sintenisii, but now classified as a separate species. It is also called Iris Brandzy or Prodan Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. DescriptionIris brandzae is similar in form to Iris sintenisii, but with several differences, including leaf form, flower shape and spathe form.[2][3][4]It has an (un-described) rhizome,[5] which can forms small clumps of plants.[6] It has grass-like leaves that are very narrow,[7][8][9] erect, greenish blue, rough or scabrid (to the touch), and not evergreen.[2][6][10] They can grow up to between {{convert|30|-|35|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,[11] and 1.5–3.5 mm wide.[9][10][12] The leaves also have 2–5 prominent veins.[2][10] Unlike Iris sintenisii,[2] it has stems that are generally taller than the leaves, which can grow up to between {{convert|20|-|45|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.[5][13][14] The stems have strongly inflated, green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud),[2][4][9] which also have prominent veining.[10] It has flowers that are similar in form to other dwarf spurias.[6] and they have 2 terminal (top of stem) scented flowers,[11] that begin blooming in the spring,[6][12] between April and May.[2][5][14] They come in shades of blue-violet,[6] deep-blue,[14] or blue-purple.[11] It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[15] Compared to Iris sintenisii, they have narrow mid tepals (the claws) which are narrow.[3] After the iris has flowered, it produces a terracotta coloured seed capsule, in the fall (autumn).[12] BiochemistryAs most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[15] In 1948, an analysis was carried out by Tarnavschi, and published as 2n=10.[3][10] Which does not match with other spuria irises.[3] Other published counts are 2n=20.[2][16] TaxonomyThe Latin specific epithet brandzae refers to botanist Dimitrie Brândză (1846–1895). It is sometimes called Prodan Iris,[17] or Iris Brandzy in Russia.[5][17] It was originally published and described as Iris brandzae by Iuliu Prodan in Buletinul Gradinii Botanice si al Muzeului Botanic dela Universitatea din Cluj (Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj) Vol.15 page103 in 1935.[18][19][20] It was also published by Czerep, in 1973 Svod Dopolm. Izmen Flora SSSR page301 and then by Geiderman in 1975, Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Mold SSR Ed2 page109.[16] It was later published as Iris sintenisii Janka subsp. brandzae (Prod.) D.A. Webb & Chater by D.A. Webb & Chater in the 'Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society' (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76.) in 1978,.[19][20] It was thought to have a more limited geographical distribution than Iris sintenisii, around Romania.[2] It stayed like this for many years until the authors of the Romanian flora books ('Flora {{sic|?|hide=yes|Ilustrata}} a Romanie' by Ciocarlan 2009 and 'Plante Vasculare din Romania. Determinator ilustrat de teren (Vascular Plants of Romania. An illustrated field guide)' by Sarbu, Stefan et Oprea 2013[21]) re-classified the taxon as an independent and separate species.[1] Although some references still call it Iris sintenisii Janka subsp. brandzae.[22] It has not yet been verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service as of February 2015. Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae, as of February 2015 was a tentatively accepted name by the RHS.[23]Distribution and habitatIris brandzea is native to Central Europe.[16]RangeThe original specimens were found in Romania.[4][7][9] It is also found in Moldavia,[3][10][16] Bessarabia,[2][11] Asia Minor,[14] and the Carpathians, (in Central and Eastern Europe).[14][16] Although it is more rarely found, than Iris sintenisii.[13] Specifically, it can be found on the plains of Romania and Moldova.[3] HabitatIt grows in very different habitats to Iris sintenisii. It is a (Mesophyte meaning neither dry or wet habitats).[3] It grows in saline marshes or wet meadows,[2][7][9][10] and forest glades.[16] It has also been found in steppe forest woodland under Fraxinus pallisiae (Ash trees).[3] ConservationIn 2003, it (as Iris brandzae) was assessed as 'Rare' in the nature reserve of 'Padurea Harboanca' in Romania.[24] CultivationIris brandzae is hardy to USDA Zone 5.[6]It is also hardy in Ukraine.[20] It prefers moist, well drained and humus rich soils.[14] It prefers positions in semi-shade.[6][14] It is tolerant of wet springs and hot dry summers.[6] Iris brandzae is grown in the Botanic Garden of Iasi Iași Botanical Garden, Romania. In the northern part of the garden, called The Section Moldavia Sylvosteppe, along with other plants such as; Crambe tataria, Echium rossicum, Pulsatilla vulgaris ssp. grandis, Beta trigyna, Dianthus capitatus, Artemisia austriaca, Achillea setacea, Astragalus onobrychis, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Plantago schwarzenbergiana, Rumex tuberosus ssp. tuberosus, Crocus reticulatus, Galium moldavicum, Paeonia tenuifolia and Amygdalus nana.[25]Specimens can be found in Saratov State University, Russia.[26] Specimens can be found growing in the Botanical Garden of Šiauliai University in Lithuania.[27] CultureIn 1961, an illustration of Iris brandzae was used on a postage stamp in Romania. It was issued on 15 August 1961, as part of the series '100 years of Bucharest Botanical Garden'. [28][29][30]References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Iris brandzae Prod. is an accepted name |date= 23 March 2013 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-16602579 |publisher=theplantlist.org (The Plant List) |accessdate=20 January 2015}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=255}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |first=Alexandru |last=Badarau |title=Iris brandzae Prodan |date=26 April 2014 |url=http://www.floraofromania.transsilvanica.net/flora%20of%20romania/ac%20XII%201101-1200/Copy%20(15)%20of%20species.htm |publisher=floraofromania.transsilvanica.net |accessdate=24 February 2015}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Iris sintenisii |url=http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Iris/sintenisii |publisher=encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Iris fancy |url=http://www.atlas-roslin.pl/gatunki/kosacce_irysy_ogrodowe.htm |publisher=atlas-roslin.pl |accessdate=24 February 2015}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |first=Ken |last=Walkup |title=Re: Iris sintenisii v brandzae |date=4 August 2005 |url=https://www.hort.net/lists/iris-species/aug05/msg00004.html |publisher=hort.net |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |first=D. |last=Kramb |title=Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae |date=2 October 2004 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-sintenisii-subsp.-brandzae |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |first1=Roger |last1=Phillips |first2=Martyn |last2=Rix |title=Perennials Vol. 1 |page=216 |year=1991 |publisher=Pan Books Ltd. |isbn=9780330327749}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Thomas Gaskell Tutin (Editor) {{Google books|v11xJgWbUDcC|Flora Europaea, Volume 5 (1980)|page=89}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney | date=1987 |edition=Revised | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | page=68,142 | isbn=0-88192-089-4}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=The Small Spurias |url=http://www.kcis.org/kciseducation/kcissmallspurias.html |publisher=kcis.org |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 13. ^1 {{cite web |title=Chapter II iris clump and other (part3) |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-ii-iris-a-touffe-et-autre-partie3-106518511.html |publisher=irisbotanique.over-blog.com |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title=Iris sintenisii ssp. brandzae |url= http://shop.alpine-peters.de/sintenisii-ssp-brandzae.html |publisher=alpine-peters.de |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 15. ^1 {{cite web| first=Claire | last=Austin | title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia| pages=274–275 | url=https://worldtracker.org/media/library/Reference/Encyclopedia's/Encyclopedia%20of%20Irises.pdf | format=pdf | publisher=worldtracker.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}} 16. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Andreĭ Aleksandrovich Fedoro (Editor) {{Google books|vmW-DPOAttEC|Flora of Russia, Volume 4 |page=440}} 17. ^1 {{cite web |title=Iris Brandzy |url=http://lvgira.narod.ru/europe/iris_brandzae.htm |publisher=lvgira.narod.ru |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris brandzae Prodan |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438434-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 19. ^1 {{cite web |first=Betsy |last=Higgins |title=(SPEC) Iris brandzae Prodan |date=11 June 2014 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecBrandzae |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=20 February 2015}} 20. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Ukraine (Europe) |url=http://www.ebotany.org/4DCGI/Detail:5:356681:38 |publisher=ebotany |accessdate=24 February 2015}} 21. ^{{cite web |title=Book ID: 103290, Sarbu, Ion, Nicolae Stefan and Adrian Oprea |url=https://www.koeltz.com/product.aspx?pid=205526 |publisher=koeltz.com| accessdate=26 February 2015}} 22. ^{{cite web |first=Eva |last=Recova |title=Iris sintenisii |date=25 May 2010 |url=http://botany.cz/cs/iris-sintenisii/ |publisher=botany.cz |accessdate=24 February 2015}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae |url= http://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/hortdatabase.asp?ID=64757 |publisher=www.rhs.org.uk| accessdate=25 February 2015}} 24. ^{{cite web |first=Ion |last=Sarbu |title=IPA Factsheet – Padurea Harboanca Brahasoaia |url=http://www.plantlifeipa.org/Factsheet.asp?sid=558 |publisher=plantlifeipa.org (Plantlife) |accessdate=26 February 2015}} 25. ^{{cite web |title=The Moldavia Sylvosteppe Section |url=http://botanica.uaic.ro/section_sylvosteppe_details.htm |publisher=botanica.uaic.ro |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 26. ^{{cite web |title=Flora |url=http://www.sgu.ru/en/node/75163 |publisher=sgu.ru |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 27. ^{{cite web |title=Index seminum 2014 |url=http://www.su.lt/bylos/botanikos_sodas/sodas/index_seminum_2014.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=su.lt |accessdate=24 February 2015}} 28. ^{{cite web |title=Stamp catalog : Stamp ‹ Spuria Iris (Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae) |url=http://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/134986-Spuria_Iris_Iris_sintenisii_subsp_brandzae-100_years_of_Bucharest_Botanical_Garden-Romania |publisher=colnect.com |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 29. ^{{cite web |title=Monocots Iridaceae Iris |url=http://www.suksm.org/hall_post.php?rid=216 |publisher=suksm.org |accessdate=20 February 2015}} 30. ^{{cite web |title=Iridaceae |url=http://15.pro.tok2.com/~fwkf8336/syokutansiyou/tan13ayame.htm |publisher=pro.tok2.com |accessdate=20 February 2015}} Sources
External links
5 : Iris (plant)|Flora of Romania|Flora of Southeastern Europe|Garden plants of Europe|Plants described in 1935 |
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