| 词条 | Iris bucharica |
| 释义 |
|name = Iris bucharica |image = Iris bucharica 01.jpg |image_caption = I. bucharica, Dresden Botanic Garden |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Monocots |ordo = Asparagales |familia = Iridaceae |subfamilia = Iridoideae |tribus = Irideae |genus = Iris |subgenus = Scorpiris |sectio = Iris |species = I. bucharica |binomial = Iris bucharica |binomial_authority = Foster |synonyms = Juno bucharica (Foster) Vved.[1] |}} Iris bucharica (also Bukhara iris, corn leaf Iris and horned iris) is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a bulbous herbaceous perennial, from temperate Asia, within Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It has long blue green leaves, many flowers in spring, in shades of yellow and white. DescriptionIris bucharica has a yellowish white bulb, about 2 cm in diameter,[2] with thin fleshy roots.[3] It grows {{convert|20-40|cm|in|abbr=on}} high.[4][5]The lanceolate (lance-like) leaves which are blue-green below and glossy green above, reach up to {{convert|3.5 |cm|in|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert| 20|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. They are scattered up the flower stems. Each stem produces up to seven unscented flowers in spring. They bloom in order from the top of the stem, going downwards. The perianth tube is about {{convert|4.5-5 |cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[6] The flowers have white or creamy white standards with yellow falls. The falls sometimes have brown markings and a deep yellow crest. The flowers are about {{convert|2.5 |in|cm|abbr=on}} across. Pure yellow forms are occasionally wrongly labelled as I. orchioides (a different species).[6] The stigmas are semicircular, with whitish anthers and pollen. Iris bucharica, Iris orchioides and Iris warleyensis all have cubiform seeds.[7]BiochemistryAs most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[8] TaxonomyIt is commonly known as 'Bukhara iris',[10] 'corn leaf Iris',[9][10][11] or 'horned iris'.[12][13][14] It is pronounced 'bukh-AR-ee-kuh'[15] and named after the city of Bukhara in Uzbekistan.[16][17] I. bucharica was illustrated in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Tab. 7111 on 1 April 1890, and was incorrectly described by Baker as a specimen of Iris orchioides.[18] It was then published as Iris bucharica in The Gardeners' Chronicle by Foster in 1902.[19] Michael Foster got the bulbs from the UK bulb merchant Van Tubergen (mainly based in Harlem, Netherlands). It was also published in “Flora and Sylva” in 1905. It was then introduced into the UK in 1902.[20]It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 1 December 2004.[21] Distribution and habitatI. bucharica is native to temperate Asia.[21]RangeI. bucharica is native to Central Asia, in north-eastern Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan around Bukhara. It is endemic to the Gissar Range, in the valleys of Surkhan-darya, Kafirnigan, Vakhsh, Ak-su and Kizyl-su rivers. It is found at {{convert| 5000-6000|ft|m|abbr=on}}, in pebble beds and gravelly slopes of the lower mountain zone.[3] CultivationI. bucharica is widely cultivated in temperate regions, and in the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[22]It prefers free draining fertile soils which are neutral or slightly alkaline. The bulbs are planted in late summer or autumn, {{convert|5 |cm|in|abbr=on}} deep, in gravelly soils in full sun. Like others of its kind it needs a period of warmth and dryness during the summer, to prevent the fleshy roots from rotting away.[23] This is normally after the foliage dies back in late June or early July. It is hardy to USDA Zones 4-9. It is hardy in most areas of the UK, down to {{convert|-15 |C|F|abbr=on}}.[22] But it can be grown in a pot in a greenhouse, providing it is kept dry in summer and left out in the autumn rains. It will increase by bulblets, naturalising quickly where growing conditions are favourable, allowing for the creation of drifts in borders or rock gardens. Plants may be lifted and divided every 3–4 years, to prevent overcrowding.[24] It is also possible to grow from seed, but it will take several years before the bulbs are big enough to produce flowers.[22] Iris orchioides hybridizes freely with I. bucharica to create a large golden-flowered hybrid.[24]It is deer resistant.[12] Cultivars
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Iris bucharica Foster | date=23 March 2012 | url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321654?ref=tpl1| publisher=theplantlist.org| accessdate=3 November 2014}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q997886}}2. ^{{cite web|first=V.L. | last=Komarov | year=1935 | title=Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV | publisher=archive.org | url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofussr04bota/floraofussr04bota_djvu.txt | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 3. ^1 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification|page=260}} 4. ^{{cite book | title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants | year=2008 | publisher=Dorling Kindersley | location=United Kingdom | isbn=1405332964 | pages=1136}} 5. ^{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney | date=1987 |edition=Revised | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | page=67 | isbn=0-88192-089-4}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Juno irises A-I | url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/JunoIrises | accessdate=7 August 2014}} 7. ^{{cite book|first=W.R. |last=Dykes| date= | title=A Handbook of Garden Irises |page=89 |publisher=Martin Hopkinson Company Ltd. |location=London| isbn=978-0913728086 |url=https://archive.org/stream/handbookofgarden00dyke/handbookofgarden00dyke_djvu.txt | accessdate=26 September 2014}} 8. ^1 {{cite web| first=Claire | last=Austin | title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia| pages=274–275 |url=https://worldtracker.org/media/library/Reference/Encyclopedia's/Encyclopedia%20of%20Irises.pdf | format=pdf | publisher=worldtracker.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web | first=Michael | last=Pascoe | title=Iris bucharica | url=http://www.canadaplants.ca/display.php?d=1216 | publisher=canadaplants.ca | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web | first=Kelly D. | last=Norris | date=February 2013 | title=Corn Leaf Iris | url=http://statebystategardening.com/state.php/ia/newsletter-stories/corn_leaf_iris/ | publisher=statebystategardening.com | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 11. ^{{cite web| title= Corn Leaf Iris | url=http://www.hgtvgardens.com/flowers-and-plants/corn-leaf-iris-iris-bucharica | publisher=hgtvgardens.com | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite web| title=Iris bucharica | url=http://www.digdropdone.com/bulbs/iris-iris-bucharica.html | publisher=digdropdone.com | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web| first1=D. | last1=Kramb | first2=Peter | last2=Taggart | date=6 January 2010 | title=Iris bucharica | url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-bucharica | publisher=signa.org | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web| title=Iris bucharica | url=http://www.yonemura.co.jp/zukan-f/naiyou/iris-buch0.htm | publisher= yonemura.co.jp | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|first=Debbie |last=Teashon |title= Iris bucharica| url=http://www.rainyside.com/plant_gallery/bulbs/Iris_bucharica.html| publisher=www.rainyside.com |accessdate=11 August 2014}} 16. ^John Weathers {{Google book|xrH9G4QjvUIC|The Bulb Book| page=298}} 17. ^{{cite web| first=Gerald | last=Klingaman | title=Iris bucharica | date=8 April 2011 | url=http://www.uaex.edu/yard-garden/resource-library/plant-week/iris-bucharica-4-8-11.aspx | publisher=uaex.edu | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web|title= (SPEC) Iris bucharica Fos |url=http://www.wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecBucharica |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)|accessdate=7 August 2014}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris bucharica Foster | url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438440-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=3 November 2014}} 20. ^{{cite news|first=Ursula | last=Buchan| date=28 March 2008 |title=Iris bucharica: How to grow |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/howtogrow/3347372/Iris-bucharica-How-to-grow.html |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=7 August 2014}} 21. ^1 2 {{GRIN | accessdate=14 March 2018}} 22. ^1 2 {{cite web| title=Iris bucharica Foster | url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9218/Iris-bucharica-Foster/Details | publisher=rhs.org.uk (Royal Horticultural Society) | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 23. ^{{cite web| title=Forcing Iris bucharica | date=11 April 2006 | url=http://www.growingwithplants.com/2006/04/iris-bucharica-from-afganistan.html | publisher= growingwithplants.com | accessdate=3 November 2014}} 24. ^1 {{cite book|first=W.R. |last=Dykes| date= | title=A handbook of Garden Irises |page=89 |publisher=Martin Hopkinson Company Ltd. |location=London| isbn=978-0913728086 |url=https://archive.org/stream/handbookofgarden00dyke/handbookofgarden00dyke_djvu.txt | accessdate=26 September 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Pacific Rim Native Plant Nursery|date=12 May 2008|url=http://www.hillkeep.ca/bulbs%20iris.htm|publisher=www.hillkeep.ca|accessdate=13 August 2014}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=IRIS FLEUR-DE-LYS Iridaceae (Iris family) |date=12 May 2008 |url=http://www.hillkeep.ca/bulbs%20iris.htm| publisher=www.hillkeep.ca|accessdate=23 August 2014}} 4 : Iris (plant)|Flora of Uzbekistan|Flora of Afghanistan|Flora of Tajikistan |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。