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词条 Iris filifolia
释义

  1. Description

     Biochemistry 

  2. Taxonomy

  3. Distribution and habitat

     Range  Habitat 

  4. Cultivation

  5. Cultivars

  6. Hybrids

  7. References

  8. Other sources

  9. External links

{{Italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = Iris filifolia
|image = Iris filifolia.jpg
|regnum = Plantae
|unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
|unranked_classis = Monocots
|ordo = Asparagales
|familia = Iridaceae
|subfamilia = Iridoideae
|tribus = Irideae
|genus = Iris
|subgenus = Xiphium
|species = Iris filifolia
|binomial = Iris filifolia
|binomial_authority = Boiss
|synonyms = {{Species list|Xiphion filifolium var. latifolium |Baker |Xiphion filifolium |Boiss. |Xiphion tingitanum |Hook[1] |Iris praecox | [2]}}
}}

Iris filifolia is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Xiphium.

It is a bulbous perennial from North Africa and Europe. It has thin leaves, summer flowers in shades of red-purple.

Description

It has 3 mm wide leaves,[3] which appear in the autumn.[4]

It normally reaches a height of 10-16 inches (or 25–40 cm).[5] But can reach up to 45 cm tall.[4]

It flowers between March and June.[1] Normally more than 2 flowers per stem.[2] When the flowering shoot comes out of the ground it is covered in a purple or white blotched sheath.[3] These then open up to revel red-purple flowers with orange spots,[1] or yellow stripe on the falls.[4]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[1] It has a chromosome count: 2n=32.[4]

Taxonomy

Its name means 'thread-leaved iris'.[5] Filifolia comes from the Greek words, 'fili' meaning thread-like and 'folia' meaning leaf.[6]

In Gibraltar, it is also known as the 'Narrow-leaved Purple Iris'.[7]

It is often mistakenly called 'Spanish Iris'.[8] The Spanish Iris is Iris xiphium.

In 1842, it was first described by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Voyage botanique en Espagne' Vol 2, on page 602.[9] Dykes notes that this description is incorrect.[10] It was also described in Curtis's Botanical Magazine No.5929 as 'Xiphion filifolium'.[11]

It was recorded in the Catalogue of Life in 2011,[12] and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, and updated on 14 November 2005.[13]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of North Africa and Europe.[13]

Range

It was found originally on Sierra de Mijas,[14] and Sierra Bermeja in Spain, at {{convert|3000|–|4000|ft|m|abbr=on}} above sea level.[11]

It is found within Africa, in Morocco, (near Tangier,[1][4]) and within Europe, in Southwestern Spain,[13][1][4] and in Gibraltar.[7][4]

Habitat

Iris filifolia likes to grow in sandy areas.[15]

Cultivation

It is best grown in a bulb frame in the UK.[16]

It is known to be toxic like other bulbs in the genus.[17]

Cultivars

Several known cultivars are;[11]

  • 'A. Bloemaard' (dark blue)[18]
  • 'Filifolia'
  • 'Filifolia Alba'
  • 'Filifolia Elizabeth'
  • 'Filifolia Imperator'
  • 'Filifolia Praecox'
  • 'Latifolia'
  • 'Queen Of Gazelles'
  • 'Rex'

Hybrids

  • Iris filifolia var. latifolia (Foster) wide leaved variant [19]
  • Iris filifolia var. filifolia (Boiss) and thread-like leaved variant,
[19]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia| page=291|url=https://worldtracker.org/media/library/Reference/Encyclopedia's/Encyclopedia%20of%20Irises.pdf| format=pdf| publisher=worldtracker.org |accessdate=21 July 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Iris filifolia Boiss.| url=http://iridaceae.e-monocot.org/classification/iris-filifolia-0 |publisher=iridaceae.e-monocot.org|accessdate=21 July 2014}}
3. ^1 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification|page=259}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=8 February 2018}}
5. ^Ivan Nikolaevič Filipév and Jacobus Hermanus Schuurmans Stekhoven {{Google books|FNEUAAAAIAAJ|A Manual of Agricultural Helminthology|page=284}}
6. ^{{cite book |last=Stearn |first=William |year=1972 |title=A Gardenerer's Dictionary of Plant Names |url= |location=London |publisher=Cassell |pages=142 and 144 |isbn=0304937215}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Gibraltar Flora|first=Leslie L. |last=Linares |url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/flora-and-fauna/plant-life |publisher=www.gibraltar.gov.gi| accessdate=29 July 2014 }}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Iris filifolia |url=http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/Iris%20filifolia |publisher=www.webster-dictionary.org|accessdate=30 July 2014 }}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Iris filifolia Boiss| url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=321817| publisher=apps.kew.org |accessdate=30 July 2014 }}
10. ^{{cite web|first=William R.|last=Dykes| title=Dykes on Irises (Reprints of Journals)| url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/dykes%20on%20irises%20-%20part1.pdf| format=pdf| publisher=www.beardlessiris.org|accessdate=30 July 2014 }}
11. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|title=(SPEC) Iris filifolia Boiss. | url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecFilifolia | publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)|accessdate=29 July 2014 }}
12. ^1 {{cite web|editors= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)|year=2011 |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/details/species/id/8156097 | title=Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|accessdate= 29 July 2014 |publisher=Species 2000: Reading, UK.}}
13. ^1 2 {{GRIN | accessdate=8 February 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web|first=Manuel B.|last=CRESPO VILLALBA |title=Nomenclatural Types OF Iberian Irises (Iris and Related Genera, Iridaceae)|year=2012 |url=http://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/33718/1/2012_Crespo_FloraMontib.pdf|format=pdf |accessdate=30 July 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|first=Kristin |last=Rosenberg| title=Flowers of Gibraltar| url=http://www.unicover.com/EF4VICUN.htm| publisher=www.unicover.com|accessdate= 29 July 2014 }}
16. ^{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=G.E.| last2=Linnegar |first2=S.|date=1987 |edition=Revised |title= Growing Irises|url= |location=Bromley |publisher=Christopher Helm |page=74 |isbn=0-88192-089-4 }}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Iris filifolia - Boiss. |url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Iris+filifolia |publisher=www.pfaf.org|accessdate=30 July 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|first=David| last=Griffiths |date=April 1928|title=Production of Certain Iris Bulbs |url=https://archive.org/stream/productionofcert25grif/productionofcert25grif_djvu.txt |publisher=archive.org (Office of Horticulture, Bureau of Plant Industry)| accessdate=30 July 2014}}
19. ^1 2 3 British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation |page=221}}

Other sources

  • Fennane, M. & M. I. Tattou 1998. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires rares, menacées ou endémiques du Maroc (Bocconea) 8:205.
  • Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. 1931-1941 (L Maroc)
  • Maire, R. C. J. E. et al. Flore de l'Afrique du Nord. 1952- (F Afr Nord)
  • Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 136.
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980 (F Eur)

External links

{{Commons category-inline|Iris filifolia}}{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris filifolia}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q15570314}}

6 : Iris (plant)|Plants described in 1842|Flora of Spain|Flora of Gibraltar|Flora of Morocco|Flora of Europe
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