| 词条 | Iroko | |
| 释义 |
Iroko is a large hardwood tree from the west coast of tropical Africa that can live up to 500 years.[1] The tree is known to the Yoruba as ìrókò, logo or loko and is believed to have supernatural properties.[2] Iroko is known to the Igbo people as oji wood.[3] It is one of the woods sometimes referred to as African teak, although it is unrelated to the teak family. The wood colour is initially yellow but darkens to a richer copper brown over time. It is yielded mostly (probably) by Milicia excelsa. In much of the literature on this timber the names of the trees that yields it are given as Chlorophora excelsa and Chlorophora regia.[4][5] The tree is feared in some cultures where it originates and hence is shunned or revered with offerings.[6] Yoruba people believe that the tree is inhabited by a spirit, and anybody who sees the Iroko-man face to face becomes insane and speedily dies.[7] According to the Yoruba, any man who cuts down any iroko tree causes devastating misfortune on himself and all of his family,[7] although if they need to cut down the tree they can make a prayer afterwards to protect themselves.[8] They also claim that the spirit of the Iroko can be heard in houses which use iroko wood, as the spirit of the Iroko is trapped in the wood.[7] In Nigeria the iroko wood is of much lower quality due to soil conditions as well as root-rot.[9][10][11] Some Westerners refer to the wood as "poor man's teak".[12] UsesThe wood is used for a variety of purposes including boat-building, domestic flooring, furniture and outdoor gates. From the late 1990s, it was used as part of the txalaparta, a Basque musical instrument constructed of wooden boards, due to its lively sound.[13] Iroko is one of the traditional djembe woods. Iroko wood was the wood chosen for the pews in the Our Lady of Peace Basilica.[14] It is a very durable wood;[15] iroko does not require regular treatment with oil or varnish when used outdoors, although it is very difficult to work with tools as it tends to splinter easily, and blunts tools very quickly.[16] In the UK there are no trade restrictions on the machining of this timber. The only reported adverse effects known to be caused by the dust from iroko are asthma, dermatitis and nettle rash.[17] GalleryReferences1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezvpAwAAQBAJ|title=Conflicted Destiny: Chronicle of a Natural Born Warrior|last=Amadi|first=Pete|date=2013-09-01|publisher=FriesenPress|isbn=9781460224274|language=en}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HmoCgAAQBAJ|title=The Sons of the Gods and the Daughters of Men: An Afro-Asiatic Interpretation of Genesis 1-11|last=Oduyoye|first=Modupe|date=2015-09-29|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=9781498235822|language=en}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPqZQYiF4jEC|title=A Handbook of African Religion and Culture|last=Onunwa|first=Udobata R.|date=2010-06-27|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|isbn=9781434953964|language=en}} 4. ^iroko wood, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line 5. ^[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506548 Chlorophora excelsa (Welw.) Benth.], Taxonomic Serial No.: 506548, Integrated Taxonomic Information System 6. ^{{cite book|title=Twilight Tales3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHw9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA26|accessdate=2 April 2011|publisher=CUP Archive|page=26}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Ogumefu|first=M. I.|title=Yoruba legends|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2nt2Vui0qEC&pg=PA10|accessdate=2 April 2011|year=1929|publisher=Forgotten Books|isbn=978-1-60506-017-0|page=10}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VDgEAAAAQAAJ|title=The Church Missionary Juvenile Instructor|date=1880-01-01|publisher=Seeley, Jackson, & Halliday|language=en}} 9. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AOsiAQAAIAAJ|title = Bulletin of the Imperial Institute|date = 1914-01-01|publisher = The Institute|page = 366|language = en}} 10. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yeoLAQAAIAAJ|title = House of Commons Papers|last = Commons|first = Great Britain Parliament House of|date = 1914-01-01|publisher = H.M. Stationery Office|language = en}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zhsoAQAAMAAJ|title = Documentation and Information: Ecology : Catalogue of Documents and Publications on MAB in Africa|date = 1990-01-01|publisher = UNESCO's Regional Office|language = en}} 12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OblmwE2bFswC|title=When God Takes Over: Stories of hope on the streets|last=Hamon|first=Lindsay|date=2012-11-07|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781477238844|language=en}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.cancioneros.com/co/2839/2/la-txalaparta-el-sonido-ancestral-de-euskadi-por-pol-ducable-roges|title = La txalaparta, el sonido ancestral de Euskadi por Pol Ducable Rogés|website = CANCIONEROS.COM|access-date = 2016-03-04}} 14. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aKoKHmuexywC|title=Architecture and Power in Africa|last=Elleh|first=Nnamdi|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275976798|language=en}} 15. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VfuWr1KxrGYC|title = Wood Structure and Properties '06|last = Kurjatko|first = Stanislav|last2 = Kúdela|first2 = Jozef|last3 = Lagaňa|first3 = Rastislav|date = 2006-01-01|publisher = Arbora Publishers|isbn = 9788096886845|language = en}} 16. ^{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HikdloJ3Z2gC|title = Upgrading Your Boat's Interior|last = Westin|first = Mike|date = 2013-04-12|publisher = A&C Black|isbn = 9781408159095|language = en}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=HSE Toxic Woods Information Sheet|url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/wis30.pdf|publisher=Health and Safety Executive}} 4 : Wood|Trees of Benin|Yoruba mythology|Plant common names |
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