1. Discovery

2. Forensic data

3. Investigation

4. Theories

5. Witness descriptions and itinerary

6. Later developments

7. See also

8. References

9. Further reading

The Isdal Woman ({{lang-no|Isdalskvinnen}}) is a placeholder name given to an unidentified woman who was found dead at Isdalen Valley in Bergen, Norway, on 29 November 1970. It is considered one of the most profound mysteries in recent Norwegian history.^[3]

Although police at the time ruled a verdict of likely suicide, the details of the case have encouraged speculation and further investigation over the years.^[3]

Discovery

On the afternoon of 29 November 1970, a man and his two daughters were hiking in the foothills of the north face of Mount Ulriken, in an area known as the Isdalen Valley. They found the partially-charred body of a woman, hidden among some rocks, in an area popularly known as "Death Valley". Also found (confirmed during the autopsy) were a dozen phenobarbital sleeping pills (brand name Fenemal); an empty bottle of St. Hallvard likør (a low-cost liqueur); two partially charred plastic water-carrying bottles; an almost fully burned plastic container; remnants of rubber boots; a scarf and an umbrella; a watch with two earrings and a ring. Beneath the body was a fur hat which was later found to have contained a small trace of petrol.^[4]

Forensic data

An autopsy concluded the woman died from poisoning by Fenemal and carbon monoxide.^[7] Analysis of her blood showed that she had consumed at least 50 sleeping pills.^[5] Her face had been burned and was unrecognisable. Her neck was bruised, possibly by a blow.

Stable isotope analysis of her teeth in 2017 indicated that the woman had been born in about 1930 in or near Nuremberg, Germany, but had moved to France or the region of the France–Germany border as a child.^[1][6] This reinforced earlier analysis of her handwriting, which suggested that she had been educated in France or a neighbouring country.

A DNA profile was obtained in 2016 from the woman's teeth, and this suggested ancestral ties to western Continental Europe.^[7]

Analysis of the woman's teeth also indicated she had been to a dentist in East Asia, Central Europe, Southern Europe or South America.^[8][9]

Investigation

Police immediately launched a full-scale investigation. Composite sketches, based on witness descriptions and analysis of her body, were published in the Norwegian media and circulated in many countries via INTERPOL.

They found two suitcases belonging to the woman at an NSB railway station in Bergen. In the lining of one, police discovered 500 Deutsche Mark. Among other things, they found clothing (all identifying labels removed), a lotion prescription (doctor's name and date removed), 130 Norwegian kroner, spoons similar to the one found melted at the Isdalen Valley site,^[10] a pair of sunglasses carrying partial fingerprints^[11] and some diary entries. Police later concluded the entries were coded dates and places the woman had visited.^[12] An unusual dress was found as well; from that, police determined the woman had a somewhat provocative style, marked by Italian taste.

An Italian photographer's postcard was found in the woman's luggage. When police spoke with him, he said he had given a similar woman a lift to Hotel Alexandra in Loen. He said he also had dinner with her. The woman told him that she was from a small town north of Johannesburg, South Africa, and that she had six months to see Norway's most beautiful places. The police checked the woman the photographer named in South Africa – and she was not reported missing. Thus this line of inquiry went nowhere.

Police learned that the "Isdal Woman" had traveled around Norway and Europe with at least eight fake passports. While authorities eventually concluded that she had committed suicide,^[3] others believe that there is evidence that she was murdered.^[13]

The last time she was seen alive was when she left room 407 of the Hotel Hordaheimen on 23 November 1970. She paid cash and then got into a taxi. The hotel staff described her as between the ages of 30 and 40, a smoker, about {{height|cm=164|precision=0}} tall, with wide hips, small eyes, and a pleasing figure.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} She mostly stayed in her room and seemed to be on guard.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

The taxi driver who took her from the hotel to the station was never found. How she got to the isolated place where her body was discovered is also unknown. In 1991 a taxi driver wishing to remain anonymous said that after picking up the unknown woman at the hotel, they were joined by another man before the station.^[14]

Multiple investigations point to the possibility that she was a spy.^[15]

Theories

Despite the significant police resources deployed, the unknown woman was never identified. Many questions remain unanswered, especially about the reasons for such an adventurous existence with so many different moves and identities.

A theory involving fake check trafficking was proposed by a retired police officer, but quickly abandoned.

The most frequently cited theory is that of espionage in the Cold War context of the time. The possession of nine fake passports seems indeed to imply a very professional organization.^[16] The declassified records of the Norwegian National Defense bring disturbing coincidences: many of the stranger's movements seem to correspond to top secret trials of the Norwegian Penguin missile. A fisherman even said to have recognized the unknown woman while observing military movements in Stavanger.^[17] Yet the conclusion of the local police remains that of suicide by ingestion of sleeping pills. Given the doubts raised by this finding, the local police were also suspected of involvement in this case. Norway has also experienced other strange disappearances in the 1960s, close to military installations, which also evokes the track of international espionage.^[18]

Witness descriptions and itinerary

People who saw or met the woman said that she wore wigs (which was quite common practice in this period^[19]) and spoke Flemish, German and broken English.^[20] She had stayed at several hotels in Bergen, and repeatedly changed rooms after checking in.^[21] She told hotel staff that she was a travelling saleswoman and antiquities dealer. At several places, she left a standing order: porridge with milk.

One witness said that she overheard the woman talking to a man in a Bergen hotel. According to the witness, the woman said, in {{lang-de|Ich komme bald}} ("I am coming soon").

The last hotel the Isdal Woman stayed at was the Hotel Hordaheimen (room 407, November 19–23). Staff told police that she was good-looking and roughly {{height|ft=5|in=4}} tall, with dark brown hair and small brown eyes. According to dental examination in 2017, she is estimated to have been around 40 years of age at the time of her death.^[22] Another Hordaheimen guest told police that the Isdal Woman smoked South State cigarettes (a Norwegian brand). Staff noted that the woman kept mainly to her room and seemed to be on guard. When she checked out of the Hordaheimen on 23 November, the Isdal Woman paid her bill in cash and requested a taxi. Her whereabouts between then and 29 November (when her body was found) are unknown.

On the 5th of February 1971 the Isdal Woman was given a Catholic burial in an unmarked grave within the Møllendal graveyard located in Bergen. She was buried in a zinc coffin to preserve her remains so she may be transferred to her home country at any given point. Her ceremony was attended by 16 members of the Bergen police force.

Later developments

In 2002, Tore Osland, son of the leading investigator, wrote the book "Isdalskvinnen, Operation Isptopsy."^[23] {{Unreliable source?|date=March 2018}}

In 2005, a Bergen resident who was 26 in 1970 told a local newspaper that after seeing the sketch circulated, he had suspected that the dead woman was the woman he had seen five days before the body was found, when he was hiking on the hillside at Fløyen. She was dressed lightly, for the city rather than a hike, and was with two men wearing coats who looked "southern". She seemed about to say something but they stopped her. He went to someone he knew at the police to report this, but was told to forget about it.^[24] Therefore, neither his name nor his alleged sighting was recorded anywhere back then.

In 2016, NRK commissioned the American artist Stephen Missal to create six alternative sketches of the Isdal Woman, which were put before people who had seen her.^[25]

In 2018, NRK and the BBC published a podcast series titled [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p060ms2h "Death in Ice Valley"], which included interviews with eyewitnesses and forensic scientists, whose findings were presented as suggesting that the Isdal Woman's birthplace may have been Southern Germany or the French-German border region, and that she was likely born in the 1930s or early 1940s.^[26]

She was likely raised in French-speaking Belgium.^[27]

See also

• David Lytton
• List of unsolved deaths
• Lyle Stevik
• Peter Bergmann Case
• Tamam Shud case

References

Further reading

• Osland, Tore; Operasjon Isotopsy, Bergen 2002 {{ISBN|9788299656412}}
• {{Doe Network|503ufnor.html}}

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