| 词条 | Rural Electrification Act | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| shorttitle = Rural Electrification Act | othershorttitles = Rural Electrification and Telephone Service Act of 1936 | longtitle = An Act to provide for rural electrification, and for other purposes. | colloquialacronym = | nickname = Rural Electrification Act of 1936 | enacted by = 74th | effective date = May 20, 1936 | public law url = http://legisworks.org/congress/74/publaw-605.pdf | cite public law = 74-605 | cite statutes at large = {{usstat|49|1363}} | acts amended = | acts repealed = | title amended = 7 U.S.C.: Agriculture | sections created = {{Usc-title-chap|7|31}} § 901 et seq. | sections amended = | leghisturl = | introducedin = Senate | introducedbill = {{USBill|74|S.|3483}} | introducedby = George W. Norris (I–NE) | introduceddate = February 17, 1936 | committees = Senate Agriculture and Forestry, House Interstate and Foreign Commerce | passedbody1 = Senate | passeddate1 = March 5, 1936 | passedvote1 = Passed | passedbody2 = House | passedas2 = | passeddate2 = April 9, 1936 | passedvote2 = Passed | conferencedate = April 13, 1936 | passedbody3 = House | passeddate3 = May 14, 1936 | passedvote3 = Agreed | agreedbody3 = | agreeddate3 = | agreedvote3 = | agreedbody4 = | agreeddate4 = | agreedvote4 = | passedbody4 = Senate | passeddate4 = May 15, 1936 | passedvote4 = Agreed | signedpresident = Franklin D. Roosevelt | signeddate = May 20, 1936 | unsignedpresident = | unsigneddate = | vetoedpresident = | vetoeddate = | overriddenbody1 = | overriddendate1 = | overriddenvote1 = | overriddenbody2 = | overriddendate2 = | overriddenvote2 = | amendments = | SCOTUS cases = }} The Rural Electrification Act of 1936, enacted on May 20, 1936, provided federal loans for the installation of electrical distribution systems to serve isolated rural areas of the United States. The funding was channeled through cooperative electric power companies, most of which still exist today. These member-owned cooperatives purchased power on a wholesale basis and distributed it using their own network of transmission and distribution lines. The Rural Electrification Act was also an attempt made by FDR's New Deal to deal with high unemployment. HistoryOn May 11, 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 7037, which created the Rural Electrification Administration.[1][2] In 1936, the Congress endorsed Roosevelt's action by passing the Rural Electrification Act. At the time the Rural Electrification Act was passed, electricity was commonplace in cities but largely unavailable in farms, ranches, and other rural places. Representative John E. Rankin and Senator George William Norris were supporters of the Rural Electrification Act, which was signed into law by Roosevelt on May 20, 1936. Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn was a major proponent of the REA, which he helped pass in 1936 as Chairman of the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. He proudly stated in 1959 that ninety percent of farm homes in the U.S. were electrified, compared to three percent in the early 1930s.[3] Technical issuesIn the 1930s, the provision of power to remote areas was not thought to be economically feasible. A 2300 volt distribution system was then used in cities. This relatively low voltage could be carried only about 4 miles before the voltage drop became unacceptable. REA cooperatives used a 7200 volt distribution network, which could support much longer runs (up to about 40 miles). Despite requiring more expensive transformers at each home, the overall system cost was manageable.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} Wiring homes and farmsREA crews traveled through the American countryside, bringing teams of electricians along with them. The electricians added wiring to houses and barns to utilize the newly available power provided by the line crews. A standard REA installation in a house (post World War II) consisted of:
A ceiling-mounted light fixture was installed in each room, usually controlled by a single switch mounted near a door. At most, one outlet was installed per room, since plug-connected appliances were expensive and uncommon. Wiring was performed using type NM (nonmetallic sheathed cable), insulated with asbestos-reinforced rubber covered with jute and tar. Many of these original installations still exist today, though most have been augmented to support a greater number and variety of appliances. Later amendmentsSome amendments to the Rural Electrification Act include:
See also
References1. ^Rural Electrification Act. Ohio History Central. 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15057 |title= Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Executive Order 7037 Establishing the Rural Electrification Administration.," May 11, 1935 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |publisher = University of California - Santa Barbara |work= The American Presidency Project |accessdate= 3 July 2016}} 3. ^https://easttexashistory.org/items/show/73 . Retrieved 25 December 2018. 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=16560 |title= Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Statement on Signing a Rural Electrification Bill.," September 22, 1944 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |publisher = University of California - Santa Barbara |work= The American Presidency Project |accessdate= 3 July 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=13342 |title= Harry S. Truman: "Statement by the President Upon Signing Bill Providing for Improved Rural Telephone Facilities.," October 28, 1949 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |publisher = University of California - Santa Barbara |work= The American Presidency Project |accessdate= 3 July 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=46049 |title= William J. Clinton: "Statement on Signing the Rural Electrification Loan Restructuring Act of 1993," November 1, 1993 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |publisher = University of California - Santa Barbara |work= The American Presidency Project |accessdate= 4 July 2016}} External links
7 : United States federal energy legislation|1936 in law|74th United States Congress|New Deal legislation|Rural electrification in the United States|1935 in the United States|Electric cooperatives of the United States |
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