“Ruskin College”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ruskin College, originally known as Ruskin Hall, Oxford, is an independent educational institution in Oxford, England. It is named after the essayist and social critic John Ruskin (1819–1900) and specialises in providing educational opportunities for adults with few or no qualifications. The college is an affiliate of the University of Oxford; this relationship allows students special privileges such as attending lectures and the use of most facilities.{{cn|date=February 2018}}

Mission and purpose

The mission of the college has always been to provide educational opportunities to adults who are excluded and disadvantaged, and to transform the individuals concerned along with the communities, groups and societies from which they come, the only change having been to personalise the language (away from 'the excluded', who do not sound like people) in line with growing equalities awareness. The mission statement is twofold:

Ruskin tends towards a curriculum that has high social relevance, students who want to make a difference in the world, and forms of academic scholarship and research that are engaged and applied.

Ruskin’s mission is also pursued by means of strong historical links, nationally and internationally, with the labour and trade union movement, other social movements and activism around social issues (e.g., anti-ageism), as well as with local communities, for example through the Social Work and Youth and Community work programmes.

History

Ruskin College – originally known as Ruskin Hall, Oxford^[1] – was established in 1899 specifically to provide educational opportunities for working-class men, who were denied access to university. It was deliberately placed in Oxford, the city in which its young American founders, Charles A. Beard and Walter Vrooman, had studied, because the city symbolised the educational privilege and standards to which ordinary people could never previously have aspired. It was Walter Vrooman's then wife, Amne (later Amne Grafflin), who financially supported the foundation of the college.

The school was envisioned as a mechanism by which "working-class reformers" could "educate themselves efficiently at nominal cost."^[1] Tuition, lodging, and board was priced at 12-1/2 shillings per week (20 shillings = £1), with a parallel correspondence course alternatively offered for 1 shilling per week plus a 1 shilling entrance fee.^[1] Courses were offered in political economy, sociology, the history of the labour movement, principles of politics, English literature, psychology, and other related aspects of the social sciences.^[1]

The school was administered by a General Council, which included elected representatives from the Parliamentary Committee of the Trade Union Congress and the Central Board of the Cooperative Union.^[1] An auxiliary organisation of supporters of the school was launched in 1901, the Ruskin Hall Educational League, which arranged conferences and public lectures in conjunction with the activities of the school.^[1]

During World War I, some of the two hundred Belgian refugees who came to Oxford were lodged in the college.^[2]

Ruskin College became, in turn, a symbol of workers' education. It served as a model for labour colleges around the world, and Gandhi made a point of visiting during a brief stay in Oxford in 1931 because he had been so inspired by the writings of John Ruskin on workers' education, just as the college founders had been.

Ruskin College was a secular sister-school to and model for Plater College until Plater's closing in 2005.^[3]

Strike of 1909

In 1908, a group of Ruskin students, dissatisfied with its education policy which they viewed as too pro-establishment and imbued with elements of "social control", formed the Plebs' League. The students' revolt was supported by the Principal, Dennis Hird, and following his dismissal the students took strike action, refusing to attend lectures.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Relocation of the college

A £17m redevelopment programme of the college's Old Headington site was completed in 2012, and the headquarters of the college has moved there from the more central original site in Walton Street.^[7] The redeveloped site has a new academic building incorporating an expanded library, named the Callaghan Library in honour of former Labour Prime Minister, James Callaghan, who made a major education speech at Ruskin in 1976. The MacColl/Seeger archive has its own dedicated room within the new library. All other buildings on the site have been refurbished, the grounds have been improved and the walled garden, with its listed 'crinkle crankle wall' has been brought back into use by local volunteers. A cafeteria is open to the public.

College structure

Student enrolments at Ruskin in 2005–2006 reached their highest ever number in the college's history. Enrolments on long courses were 294 in total across a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Short course enrolments reached 5,187 in total, including trade union courses, residential short courses and the largest ever Summer School.

In 2005–06, there were 78 full-time equivalent academic staff of whom 26 were teaching staff and 13 teaching support services staff. Progression rates are excellent, with 87% of students on undergraduate-level Humanities courses at Ruskin having come via short courses there, and a majority of students on long courses going on to degree-level study, both at Ruskin and elsewhere. Ruskin students go on to jobs in professional, trade union and political settings, amongst others.

People

Principals

Former academics/teachers

Notable alumni

Ruskin Fellowship

The Ruskin Fellowship is an alumni association for ex-Ruskin College students and staff. Independent of but associated with the college, the Fellowship aims to support the work and ethos of the college in offering university-level education to disadvantaged adults in Britain. There is also a post graduate programme and an international section involving: International Labour and Trade Union Studies; Webb and Chevening Scholars.

The Ruskin Fellowship was founded in the academic year 1911/1912 and held its first "Annual Meet" on 27 May 1912. This tradition continues with an Annual Reunion held in September of each year. The Reunion is held over a weekend and incorporates speakers on relevant topics, a social activity including a bar, music and a buffet and, on the Sunday morning of the Reunion weekend, the Fellowship's Annual General Meeting (AGM). The AGM elects an Executive Committee to run the Fellowship for the following 12 months. A history of the Fellowship was produced in 2012 to mark the centenary of the Fellowship's first "Annual Meet".

A pamphlet on The History of the College and the Fellowship During World War One has been published as part of the commemoration of the War.

The Ruskin Fellowship has a web page that can be accessed through the home page of the College's website.

Students Union

The Ruskin Students Union is known for its political and social endeavours. In January 2013, it joined a Unite Against Fascism protest at the Oxford Union when it invited Nick Griffin, the leader of the British National Party to speak,^[21] and it has also given support to the striking nurses in the Karen Reissmann dispute.^[22]{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}

Notable former executive members of the RSU include John Prescott and Jack Ashley.

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵"Ruskin Hall, Oxford: The People's University," in Joseph Edwards (ed.), The Reformer's Year Book: 1902. Glasgow: Joseph Edwards, 1902; p. 71.
2. ^{{Cite book|title = History of the University of Oxford: Volume VIII: The Twentieth Century – Oxford Scholarship|url = http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229742.001.0001/acprof-9780198229742|doi = 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229742.001.0001|last = |pages = }}
3. ^Philpot, Terry , "No second chance for giver of fresh starts", Times Higher Education, 9 December 2005.
4. ^Jericho Echo
5. ^TUC | History Online
6. ^"Students Revolt. Novel Situation at Ruskin College", New Zealand Evening Post, Volume LXXVII, Issue 114, 15 May 1909, p. 6.
7. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20121214232328/http://publichistorycommons.org/the-ruskin-college-records-destroying-a-radical-past/ The Ruskin College records: Destroying a radical past]
8. ^W.W. Craik, Central Labour College, 1964
9. ^Harold Pollins, "Slater, Gilbert (1864–1938)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
10. ^¹Harold Pollins, "Furniss, Henry Sanderson, Baron Sanderson (1868–1939)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
11. ^Richard Aldrich, The Independent (London), 17 June 2005.
12. ^Bill Bailey, "Hughes, Herbert Delauney [Billy] (1914–1995)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201516/cmhansrd/cm150709/debtext/150709-0003.htm#150709-0003.htm_spnew1|title=House of Commons Hansard Debates for 09 July 2015 (pt 0003)|website=www.publications.parliament.uk|access-date=23 June 2016}}
14. ^"Enwonwu, Benedict Chuka", Britannica Book of the Year, 1995. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. accessed 30 July 2012.
15. ^"Stevens, Siaka", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 5 January 2007.
16. ^David Howell, "Walker, James (1883–1945)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2006, accessed 30 July 2012.
17. ^Keith Davies, "Williams, Thomas Edward, Baron Williams (1892–1966)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
18. ^The Times, Monday, 19 November 1979; p. 25; Issue 60478; col C
19. ^Geoffrey Goodman, "Woodcock, George (1904–1979)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
20. ^Andrew Thorpe, "Young, Sir Robert (1872–1957)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cherwell.org/news/world/2013/01/18/griffin-protest-outside-oxford-union|title=Griffin protest outside Oxford Union|date=18 January 2013|last=Fitzsimons|first=Peter|newspaper=Cherwell|publisher=Oxford Student Publications Limited|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6L67awKbw?url=http://www.cherwell.org/news/world/2013/01/18/griffin-protest-outside-oxford-union|archivedate=13 November 2013|accessdate=13 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}
22. ^Corin Williams, "Karen Reissmann plumps for out of court settlement", Community Care, 29 January 2009.