“Italian Americans in New York City”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

New York City has the largest population of Italian Americans in the United States of America as well as North America, many of whom inhabit ethnic enclaves in Brooklyn, the Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. New York City is home to the third largest Italian population outside of Italy, behind Sao Paulo, Brazil and Buenos Aires, Argentina, respectively. There is a social media entity called Italian Enclaves which shows photos of all of the New York City enclaves, both past and present.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}

The first Italian to reside in New York was Pietro Cesare Alberti,^[1] a Venetian seaman who, in 1635, settled in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam that would eventually become New York City. A small wave of Protestants, known as Waldensians, who were of French and northern Italian heritage (specifically Piedmontese), occurred during the 17th century, with the majority coming between 1654 and 1663^[2]. A 1671 Dutch record indicates that, in 1656 alone, the Duchy of Savoy near Turin, Italy, had exiled 300 Waldensians due to their Protestant faith.

The largest wave of Italian immigration to the United States took place in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Between 1820 and 1978, 5.3 million Italians immigrated to the United States, including over two million between 1900 and 1910. Only the Irish and Germans immigrated in larger numbers.

The first New York City neighborhood to be settled by large numbers of Italian immigrants – primarily from Southern Italy (mostly from Sicily) – was East Harlem, which became the first part of the city to be known as "Little Italy". The area, which lies east of Lexington Avenue between 96th and 116th Streets and east of Madison Avenue between 116th and 125th Streets, featured people from different regions of Italy on each cross street, as immigrants from each area chose to live in close proximity to each other.^[3]

"Italian Harlem" approached its peak in the 1930s, with over 100,000 Italian-Americans living in its crowded, run-down apartment buildings.^[4] The 1930 census showed that 81 percent of the population of Italian Harlem consisted of first- or second- generation Italian Americans. This was somewhat less than the concentration of Italian Americans in the Lower East Side’s Little Italy with 88 percent; Italian Harlem’s total population, however, was three times that of Little Italy.^[5] Remnants of the neighborhood's Italian heritage are kept alive by the Giglio Society of East Harlem. Every year on the second weekend of August, the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is celebrated and the "Dancing of the Giglio" is performed for thousands of visitors.

The best-known "Little Italy" in Manhattan is the area currently called that, which centers around Mulberry Street. This settlement, however, is rapidly becoming part of the adjacent Chinatown as the older Italian residents die and their children move elsewhere. As of the 2000 census, 692,739 New Yorkers reported Italian ancestry, making them the largest European ethnic group in the city.^[6] In 2011, the American Community Survey found there were 49,075 persons of Italian birth in New York City.^[7]

Italian-American neighborhoods in New York City

Education

The Italian international private school La Scuola d'Italia Guglielmo Marconi, serving grades Pre-Kindergarten through 12, is located in Manhattan. It is the sole bilingual English-Italian day school in North America.^[8]

Institutions

The Consulate-General of Italy in New York is located in the Upper East Side of Manhattan.^[9]

The [https://calandrainstitute.org/ John D. Calandra Italian American Institute], founded in 1979 and located in Midtown Manhattan, is an academic institute that studies matters pertaining to the history of Italians in the United States.

The Italian American Museum is located in Manhattan's Little Italy. Located in a former bank, Banca Stabile, its current building had a "soft opening" in September 2008,^[10] and a formal opening in October.^[11]

Churches

Recreation

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.italianhistorical.org/page63.html|title=Peter Caesar Alberti|accessdate=June 2, 2011}}
2. ^Memorials of the Huguenots in America, by Ammon Stapleton, page 42
3. ^{{cite inside}}, p.154
4. ^{{cite enc-nyc}}, p.605 "Their number increased slightly during the 1930s, when as many as 110,000 Italians lived east of Lexington Avenue between 96th and 116th streets and east of Madison Avenue between 116th and 125th streets."
5. ^Meyer,Gerald. "Italian Harlem: America’s Largest and Most Italian Little Italy"
6. ^{{cite news|title=2000 Census|author=New York City Department of City Planning|year=2000|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/mpsfsb11.pdf|accessdate=2007-05-24|format=PDF}}
7. ^New York City Department of City Planning, "The Newest New Yorkers - Characteristics of the City's Foreign Born Population" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103161759/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/census/nny2013/nny_2013.pdf |date=2015-01-03 }}, 2013
8. ^"About la scuola." La Scuola d'Italia Guglielmo Marconi. Retrieved on May 2, 2015.
9. ^Home. Consulate-General of Italy in New York. Retrieved on 15 January 2014. "690, Park Avenue New York, NY 10065"
10. ^Mallozzi, Vincent M. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/09/nyregion/09italian.html?scp=3&sq=italian%20american%20museum&st=cse&_r=0 In Little Italy, a Former Bank Will Now Hold Italian Immigrants’ Memories]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YESjRygE?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/09/nyregion/09italian.html?scp%3D3%26sq%3Ditalian%20american%20museum%26st%3Dcse%26_r%3D0 Archive]). The New York Times. September 8, 2008. Print: September 9, 2008, page B3, New York edition. Retrieved on May 3, 2015.
11. ^¹Haberman, Clyde. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/14/nyregion/14nyc.html?_r=0 A March Uptown and a Shrine Downtown for Italian Heritage]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YESVYcQp?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/14/nyregion/14nyc.html?_r%3D1%26 Archive]). The New York Times. October 14, 2008. Print: October 14, 2008, p. A25, New York edition. Retrieved on May 3, 2015.