请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Italian units of measurement
释义

  1. Historical Roman measurements

  2. System of Units Before the Metric Adoption

     Length  Venice  Milan  Turin  Bologna  Florence  Genoa  Rome  Naples  Distance  Palermo  Modena  Parma  Roman States  Architects  Sardinia  Distance  Genoa  Venetian Lombardy  Distance  Tuscany  Distance  Mass  Venice  Milan  Turin  Bologna  Florence  Genoa  Rome  Naples  Gold, silver, silk, spices, drugs and pigments  Apothecaries' weights  Palermo  Parma  Roman States  Genoa  Piedmont  Venetian Lombardy  Gold and silver  Tuscany  Area  Modena  Parma  Modena  Roman States  Sardinia  Venetian Lombardy  Tuscany  Capacity  Dry  Modena  Parma  Roman States  Sardinia  Genoa  Turin  Tuscany  Liquid  Modena  Roman States  Genoa  Piedmont  Tuscany  Wine  Oil  Venice  Milan  Turin  Bologna  Florence  Genoa  Rome  Naples  Liquid  Dry  Palermo  Venetian Lombardy 

  3. Metric Adoption in Milan

     Length  Mass  Capacity 

  4. References

A number of units of measurement were used in Italy to measure length, mass, capacity, etc. Since 1862, the metric system has been compulsory (with the exception of Milan, which had already adopted the metric system by 1803).[1] [2]

Historical Roman measurements

{{See also|Ancient Roman units of measurement}}

System of Units Before the Metric Adoption

Length

Units varied from one province or city to another.[1] [2][1][2][1][2]

1 piede liprando (foot) = 0.51377m.

1 punto (point) = 1/144 piede liprando

1 oncia (inch) = 1/12 piede liprando

1 canna = 4 piede liprando

1 trabucco = 6 piede liprando

1 miglio (mile) = 4333 1/3 piede liprando

Venice

1 braccio = 0.683 m

1 piede = 0.348 m.[2]

Milan

1 braccio = 12 once = 0.595 m

1 brabucco = 6 piedi.[2]

Turin

1 trabucco = 6 piedi liprandi = 3.096 m

1 raso = 0.6 m

1 piede = 0.293 m.[2]

Bologna

1 braccio = 0.64 m

1 piede = 0.38 m.[2]

Florence

1 braccio = 2 palmi - 0.583 m.[2]

Genoa

1 palmo = 0.248 m.[2]

Rome

1 canna = 10 palmi = 2.234 m.[2]

Naples

Units used in Naples include:[2]

1 canna = 10 palmi (or 8 palmi[3]) = 2.646 m.

1 oncia = 5 minuti [3]

1 palmo = 12 oncie = 10.381 in[3]

1 pertica ({{aka}} passo) = 7 1/2 palmi.

Distance

1 miglio = 7000 palmo = 1.147 miles.[3]

Palermo

1 canna = 10 palmi = 2.065 m.[2]

Modena

1 cavezzo = 6 piede

1 piè = 20.593 in

1 braccio = 22.741 in.[4]

Parma

1 punto = 12 atomi

1 oncia = 12 punti

1 braccio di legno = 12 oncie

1 pertica = 6 braccia

1 braccio = 21.344 in

1 pie = 22.428 in.[5]

Roman States

Units used in the Roman State included:[6]

1 commercial palmo = 8.796 in

1 mercer's palmo = 8.347 in

1 architect's palmo = 8.79 in

1 pié = 11.592 in

1 pié (at Ancona) 15.384 in

1 canna = 78.4 in

1 braccio of Rome = 0.732 in

1 braccio of Ancona = 35 1/3 in.

Architects

1 palmo = 12 oncie of 10 decimi each.[6]

1 canna = 10 palmi[6]

1 catena = 10 stajoli = 25 1/2 palmi[6]

1 architect's pie (foot) = 16 once = 11.72 in.[6]

Sardinia

Units used in Sardinia include:[7]

1 punto = 12 atomi

1 oncia = 12 punti

1 piè liprando =12 oncie = 20.228 in

1 raso = 14 oncie.

In Turin and Piedmont 6 piede liprando = 1 trabucco, and one pertica was equal to 2 trabucci.[7]

Distance

Units include:[7]

1 miglio = 4333 1/3 piede liprando = 1.3835 mile.

Genoa

In Genoa, units include:[7]

1 piè manuale = 2/3 piè liprando

1 palmo = 5 1/3 oncie

1 braccio = 2 1/3 palmi

1 canna = about 9 palmi

Venetian Lombardy

1 punto = 12 atomi

1 oncia = 12 punti

1 braccio = 12 oncie

1 braccio = 2 piede

1 piè = 15.61 in (at Milan) and 13.69 in (at Venice)[8]

Distance

1 miglio = 1 kilometre = 0.6214 mile.[8]

Tuscany

1 soldo = 12 denari

1 palmo = 10 soldi = 11.49 in

1 braccio = 2 palmi

1 canna = 4 braccia

1 architect's canna = 5 braccia[9]

Distance

1 miglio = 2833 1/3 braccia = 1.0277 mile[9]

Mass

A number of units were used in Italy to measure mass, varying from one region to another.[1][2]

One libbra (pound) was equal to between 307 and 398 g.[1]

1 grano (grain) = 1/6912 libbra

1 denaro (scruple) = 1/288 libbra

1 ottavo (drachm) = 1/96 libbra

1 oncia (ounce) = 1/12 libbra

1 rubbo = 25 libbra

1 cantaro = 150 libbra[1][2]

Venice

1 libbra grossa = 12 once = 0.477 kg

1 libbra sottile = 0.301 kg.[2]

Milan

1 libbra grossa = 28 once = 0.763 kg.[2]

Turin

1 libbra = 12 once = 0.369 kg.[2]

Bologna

1 libbra mercantile = 12 once = 0.362 kg.[2]

Florence

1 libbra = 12 once = 0.3395 kg.[2]

Genoa

1 libbra = 12 once = 0.317 kg.[2]

Rome

1 libbra = 12 once = 0.339 kg.[2]

Naples

1 rotolo = 0.861 kg

1 libbra = 12 once = 0.321 kg.[2]

Gold, silver, silk, spices, drugs and pigments

1 trapeso = 20 accini

1 dramma = 3 trapesi (a.k.a. scrupoli)

1 oncia = 10 dramme

1 libbra = 12 oncie.[3]

Apothecaries' weights

1 scrupolo = 20 accini

1 drachma = 3 scrupoli

1 oncia = 10 drachme

1 libbra = 12 oncie.[3]

Palermo

1 cantaro = 100 rotoli = 79.34 kg

1 libbra = 12 once = 0.317 kg.[2]

Parma

1 denaro = 24 grani

1 oncia = 24 denari

1 libbra = 12 oncie

1 rubbio = 25 libbre

1 libbra = 0.7197 lb.[5]

Roman States

1 denaro = 24 grani

1 oncia = 24 denari

1 libbra = 12 oncie.

1 libbra = 0.7477 lb in Rome, 0.7984 in Bologna, 0.7277 in Ancona[6]

In Bologna, 1 carato = 4 grani; 1 ferlino = 10 carati; 1 ottavo = 2 ferlini; 1 oncia 8 ottavi; 1 libbra = 12 oncie.[6]

Genoa

1 denaro = 24 grani

1 oncia = 24 denari

1 libbra = 12 oncie = 0.70021 lb (in peso grosso it was 1/10 higher)

1 rottolo = 1 1/2 libbre.[7]

Piedmont

1 grano = 24 granotini

1 denaro = 24 grani

1 ottavo = 3 denai

1 oncia = 8 ottavi

1 libbra = 12 oncie = 0.81332 lb

1 marco (for gold and silver) = 2/3 libbra

1 apothecaries' libbra = 1 1/4 marco.[7]

Venetian Lombardy

1 denaro = 10 grani

1 grosso = 10 denari

1 oncia = 10 grossi

1 libbra metrica = 10 oncie = 1 kilogramme = 2.2046 lb

1 rubbio = 10 libbre[8]

Gold and silver

1 denaro = 24 grani

1 oncia = 24 denari

1 marco = 8 oncie = 7.5562 troy ounce.[8]

Tuscany

1 denaro = 24 grani

1 dramma = 3 denari

1 oncia = 8 dramme

1 libbra = 12 oncie = 0.7486 lb.[9]

Area

Several units were used in Italy to measure area, varying from one region to another.[1]

One giornata (also known as a quadrao) was equal to 38 m3.[1]

One tavolo was equal to 1/100 giornata.[1]

Modena

1 cavezzo2 = 36 piede2

1 tavola = cavezzi2

1 biolca = 72 tavole

1 biolca = 7009 acre.[4]

Parma

1 staro = 12 tavola

1 biolca = 6 stari of 288 pertica2

1 biolca = 75.28 acre[5]

Modena

1 oncia = 16 ferlini

1 libbra (a.k.a. lira) = 12 oncie

1 libbra = 0.7044 lb.[4]

Roman States

1 rubbio = 370300 architect's palmi2 4.5658 acres.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

Sardinia

1 giornata (in Piedmont) = 100 pertica2 = 0.9393 acre.[7]

Venetian Lombardy

1 tornatura = 100 palmi2 = 1 are = 0.0247 acre.

1 campo = 0.6881 acre.[8]

Tuscany

1 saccato = 16500 braccia2 = 1.389 acre.[9]

Capacity

Two main systems, dry capacity and wet capacity were used in Italy to measure capacity.

Dry

Several units were used in Italy to measure dry capacity. These units varied from one province or city to another.[1] One mine varied from 12 to 120 litre.[1]

Modena

1 sacco = 2 staja

1 stajo = 1.9978 bushels.[4]

Parma

1 mina = 8 quarteroli

1 stajo (a.k.a. staro) = 2 mine

1 stajo = 1.334 bushels.[5]

Roman States

1 scorzo = 4 quatucci

1 starello = 1 3/8 scorzi

1 quarta = 4 starelli

1 rubbio = 4 quarta.[6]

In Rome, 1 rubbio = 8.355 bushels; in Ancona, 7.974 bushels. In Bologna, 4 quarticini =1 quarterone; 4 quarterone = 1 stajo; 2 staja = 1 corba; 1 corba = 2.232 bushels (20.7617 gallons, liquid).

Sardinia
Genoa

1 quarto = 12 gombette

1 mina = 8 quarti = 2.4804 gallons.[7]

Turin

1 copello = 20 cucchiari

1 quartière = 4 copelli

1 mina = 2 quartière

1 stajo = 2 mine

1 sacco = 3 staje = 3.2635 bushels.[7]

Tuscany

1 quartuccio = 2 bussoli

1 mezzetta = 2 quartucci

1 metadella = 2 mezzetta

1 quarto = 4 metadelle

1 mina = 2 quarti

1 stajo = 2 mine

1 sacco = 3 staja

1 moggio = 8 sacci

1 moggio = 16.5904 bushels.[9]

Liquid

Several units were used in Italy to measure liquid capacity. These units varied from region to region.[1]

One barile da vino was equal to 45.6 l.[1] One barile da olio was equal to 33.4 l.

Modena

1 fiasco = 2 boccali

1 barile = 20 fiasci

1 fiasco = 0.55028 gallon[4]

Roman States

1 foglietta = 4 quartucci

1 boccale = 4 fogliette

1 barile = 32 boccale

1 botte = 16 barile

1 barile (wine) = 15.412 gallon

1 barile (oil) = 15.185 gallon

1 soma = 18.49 gallons in Ancona = 43.386 gallons in Rome.[6]

In Bologna, 4 fogliette = 1 boccale, 15 boccale = 1 quarterone, 4 quarterone = 1 corba and boccale = 0.346 gallon.[6]

Genoa

1 barile = 90 amole = 50 pinte

1 mezzaruòla = 2 barilli

1 barile = 17.084 gallons.[7]

Piedmont

1 boccale = 2 quartini

1 pinta = 2 boccali

1 rubbio = 6 pinte = 2.4804 gallons

1 brenta = 6 rubbi

1 carro = 10 brente.[7]

Tuscany
Wine

1 mezzetta = 2 quartucci

1 boccale = 1 mezzette

1 fiasco = 2 boccale

1 barile = 20 fiasci = 12.0444 gallons = 133 1/3 libbre in weight (barile of spirits weights 120 libbre)[9]

Oil

1 barile = 16 fiasci = 120 libbre in weight

1 soma = 2 barile.[9]

Venice

1 moggio = 8 mezzeni = 333.3 litres.[2]

Milan

1 moggio = 8 stala = 146.2 litres.

1 brenta = 96 boccali = 75.6 litres.[2]

Turin

1 sacco = 5 mine = 115.3 litres.

1 carro = 10 brente = 493.11 litres.[2]

Bologna

1 corba = 2 staia = 60 boccali = 78.6 litres.[2]

Florence

1 monggio = 8 sacca = 584.7 litres.

1 barile(vino) = 20 fiaschi = 45.6 litres.

1 barile(olio) = 16 fiaschi = 33.43 litres.[2]

Genoa

1 mina = 116.5 litres

1 barile = 70 litres.[2]

Rome

1 rubblo = 22 socrzi = 294.5 litres.

1 barile = 32 boccali = 75.5 litres.[2]

Naples

1 botte (vino) = 12 barili = 523.5 litres.

1 tomolo = 55.54 litres.[2]

Liquid

For oil, wine and spirits:

1 barile = 60 caraffi

1 botta = 12 barile

1 carro = 2 botti

1 caraffa (for wine and spirits) = 0.1929 gallons[3]

For oil:

1 quarto = 6 misurelle

1 stajo = 16 quarti = 20 pignate (sometimes) = 2.61633 gallons

1 salma = 16 staja.[3]

Dry

1 tomolo = 24 misure = 1.5646 bushels

1 carro = 36 tomoli.[3]

Palermo

1 salma = 4 bisace = 16 tomoli = 275 litres.[2]

Venetian Lombardy

1 pinta = 10 coppi = 0.26418 gallon (or French litre).

1 mina = 10 pinte

1 soma = 10 mine[8]

Metric Adoption in Milan

Length

Milan adopted metric system as early as 1803, with the following names:[1]

metro = m

palmo = dm

dito = cm

atomo = mm.

Mass

Milan adopted metric system as early as 1803, with the following names:[1]

libbra nuova = kg

oncia = hg

grosso = dag

denar = g

grano = dg

Capacity

Milan adopted metric system as early as 1803, with the following names:[1]

soma = hl

mina = dal

pinta = l

coppo = dl

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{Cite book|title = International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry and Technology|last = Washburn|first = E.W.|publisher = McGraw-Hil Book Company, Inc|year = 1926|location = New York|pages = 8 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zkErAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA417&dq=international%20critical%20tables%201926&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q=international%20critical%20tables%201926&f=false}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 {{Cite book|title = Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and Measures. Their SI Equivalences and Origins.|last = Cardarelli |first = F.|publisher = Springer|year = 2003|isbn = 978-1-4471-1122-1|location = London|pages = 87,88|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zkErAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA417&ots=_W5TlQJWfH&dq=international%20critical%20tables%201926&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=international%20critical%20tables%201926&f=false}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite book|title = Weights Measures and Money of All Nations|last = Clarke|first = F.W.|publisher = D. Appleton & Company |year = 1891|location = New York|pages = 53,54 | url=https://archive.org/stream/weightsmeasures01unkngoog#page/n0/mode/2up}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|title = Weights Measures and Money of All Nations|last = Clarke|first = F.W.|publisher = D. Appleton & Company |year = 1891|location = New York|pages = 52|url=https://archive.org/stream/weightsmeasures01unkngoog#page/n0/mode/2up}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title = Weights Measures and Money of All Nations|last = Clarke|first = F.W.|publisher = D. Appleton & Company |year = 1891|location = New York|pages = 58|url=https://archive.org/stream/weightsmeasures01unkngoog#page/n0/mode/2up}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite book|title = Weights Measures and Money of All Nations|last = Clarke|first = F.W.|publisher = D. Appleton & Company |year = 1891|location = New York|pages = 63, 64|url=https://archive.org/stream/weightsmeasures01unkngoog#page/n0/mode/2up}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Cite book|title = Weights Measures and Money of All Nations|last = Clarke|first = F.W.|publisher = D. Appleton & Company |year = 1891|location = New York|pages = 67|url=https://archive.org/stream/weightsmeasures01unkngoog#page/n0/mode/2up}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book|title = Weights Measures and Money of All Nations|last = Clarke|first = F.W.|publisher = D. Appleton & Company |year = 1891|location = New York|pages = 80,81|url=https://archive.org/stream/weightsmeasures01unkngoog#page/n0/mode/2up}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite book|title = Weights Measures and Money of All Nations|last = Clarke|first = F.W.|publisher = D. Appleton & Company |year = 1891|location = New York|pages = 76|url=https://archive.org/stream/weightsmeasures01unkngoog#page/n0/mode/2up}}
{{Systems of measurement}}

2 : Italian culture|Units of measurement by country
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/20 13:45:11