| 词条 | Ivan Borgman |
| 释义 |
|name = Ivan Ivanovich Borgman |image = Боргман И.И..jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1849|2|24|df=yes}}[1] |birth_place = |death_date = {{death date and age|1914|5|17|1849|2|24|df=yes}}[1] |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = Russian |ethnicity = |field = Physics |work_institutions = Saint Petersburg State University |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }}Ivan Ivanovich Borgman (24 February 1849- 17 May 1914)[1] was a Russian physicist who first demonstrated in 1897 that X-rays and radioactive materials induced thermoluminescence.[2] BiographyBorgman was born to a Russified Finnish-born father and a Russian mother. After graduating from the Second Saint Petersburg Gymnasium, he entered the Physics and Mathematics department of Saint Petersburg State University, in 1866 and graduated in 1870. In 1873, Borgman went to the University of Heidelberg,[3] where he attended lectures and studied in the laboratory under the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. In 1875, he was appointed as a laboratory assistant at St. Petersburg University. Borgman received his Doctorate in 1882 after defending his thesis "On Slight heating of iron in the magnetization." He became a professor of physics in Saint Petersburg State University from 1888. There he taught the famous physicist Alexander Popov. He along with Orest Khvolson taught one of the earliest course of electrical engineering in Russia.[1] In 1897, Borgman became the first scientist to demonstrate that X-rays and radioactive materials induce thermoluminescence.[2] He was also the first elected rector of the Saint Petersburg State University in 1905. He left the post in 1910.[4] Under the leadership of Borgman, the V. A. Fock Institute of Physics was created in 1901. He was the second director of the institute from March 1902 to 1914 after F. F. Petrushevsky.[5] AwardsIn 1899, the Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University awarded Borgman the title of Honorary electrical engineer. In 1913 he was awarded honorary degree of Doctor of Laws (LLD) by University of St Andrews in Scotland.[6] References1. ^1 {{cite book|first=M. |last=Radovsky|title=Alexander Popov: Inventor of Radio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZZTUZbjYJsC&pg=PA14|accessdate=12 June 2013|date=1 January 2001|publisher=The Minerva Group, Inc.|isbn=978-0-89875-307-3|pages=14}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Borgman, Ivan}}2. ^1 {{cite book|first1=Michael|last1= Terrence Ryan|first2=John W. |last2=Poston, Sr.|title=A Half Century of Health Physics: 50th Anniversary of the Health Physics Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qCebxPjdSBUC&pg=PA114|accessdate=12 June 2013|date=March 2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-6934-1|pages=114}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Russian Scientists in Heidelberg|url=http://guideheidelberg.de/article_single.php?lng=en&cid=10&aid=47|accessdate=12 June 2013|publisher=guideheidelberg.de}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Borgman, Ivan Ivanovich|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ivan+Borgman|accessdate=12 June 2013|work=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=V. A. Fock Institute of Physics|url=http://www.niif.spbu.ru/index_en.html|accessdate=12 June 2013|publisher=V. A. Fock Institute of Physics}} 6. ^{{cite journal|title= Honorary Degrees at the University of St. Andrews|journal=Science |series=New Series|volume= 34|issue= 873|date= Sep 22, 1911|pages= 374–375|publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science|jstor=1638189 |doi= 10.1126/science.34.873.374 }} 6 : 1849 births|1914 deaths|Russian physicists|Saint Petersburg State University alumni|Saint Petersburg State University faculty|Rectors of Saint Petersburg State University |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。