| 词条 | Ivan Petrizhitsky-Kulaga |
| 释义 |
Ivan Petrizhitsky-Kulaga,[1] also Petrazhytsky-Kaluha[2] ({{lang-uk|Іван Петражицький-Кулага}}) (ca. 1570–1632) was a Cossack hetman in the years 1631–32. Seen as a supporter of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he was stripped of his hetman position in an internal Cossack conflict and executed in 1632. BiographyPetrizhitsky-Kulaga was born around 1570 into a notable Cossack family.[3] Little is known from his earlier years. He participated in the battle of Chocim (Khotyn) in 1621[3] and, later, in large scale Cossack expeditions against the Ottomans in 1628 and 1630.[3] Petrizhitsky-Kulaga succeeded the hetman Tymofii Orendarenko after the Cossack hetman election in 1631.[1] He was seen as a supporter of Poland. Shortly after his election in 1631 he handed the Swedish diplomats l'Admiral and Des Greves, who attempted to negotiate with the Cossacks, to the Polish government.[7] He is remembered for submitting the Cossack petition at the election sejm of 1632.[2] In this petition, the Cossacks requested that they, as warriors and defenders of the state, be given full political equality with the Polish nobility (szlachta).[2] They also asked that the Cossacks be allowed to participate in the royal election.[10] Not only did the Polish senators reject the petition,[11] but in response to the Cossacks' describing themselves in the petition as the "limbs of the nation", they infamously replied that the Cossacks were like nails or hair that needs to be cut down.[2][3] That same year Petrizhitsky-Kulaga declared his support for the newly founded Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.[3] His unpopular stance as a Polish loyalist and an internal power struggle among the Cossacks triggered a coup d'etat.[3][4] He was accused of supporting the unpopular Uniate sect (see Union of Brest).[3] His opponents, supported by bishop Isaia Kopynsky, elected a new hetman. Petrizhitsky-Kulaga himself was executed in Kiev later that year by other Cossacks[4] and succeeded as hetman by Andrii Didenko.[5] References1. ^{{cite book|author=Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich Solovʹev|title=History of Russia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srRoAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 April 2013|year=2002|publisher=Academic International Press|isbn=978-0-87569-237-1|page=91}} [6][7][8][9][10]2. ^{{cite book|title=Przegląd wschodni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggVpAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 April 2013|year=1998|publisher=Gebethner i Ska Wydawn.|page=22|quote=W 1632 r., gdy posłowie kozaccy wychodząc z założenia, że jak szlachta "sa członkami tej samej Rzeczypospolitej" postulowali dopuszczenie ich do elekcji po śmierci Zygmunta III. Senatorowie oświadczyli wówczas, że Kozacy są takimi jej członkami, jak włosy i paznokcie dla ciała: wprawdzie są potrzebne, ale gdy zbytnio wyrosną, jedne ciążą głowie, drugie przykro ranią, oboje trzeba częściej przycinać}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł (książę)|author2=Adam Przyboś|author3=Roman Żelewski|title=Pamiętnik o dziejach w Polsce: 1632–1636|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVMdAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 April 2013|year=1980|publisher=Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy|page=122}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Mykhaĭlo Hrushevsʹkyĭ|title=History of Ukraine-Rus': The Cossack Age, 1626–1650|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7YWAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 April 2013|year=2002|publisher=Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press|isbn=978-1-895571-32-5|pages=118–120}} 5. ^{{cite book|author1=Mychajlo S. Hruševs·kyj|author2=Andrzej Poppe|title=History of Ukraine-Rus': The Cossack age, 1654–1657|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27oWAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 April 2013|year=2008|publisher=Canadian Inst. of Ukrainian Studies Press|isbn=978-1-894865-10-4|page=530}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|author=Bogdan Borucki|title=Zwycięstwa oręża polskiego|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9MsAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=1 April 2013|date=January 2009|publisher=Wydawnictwo RM|page=74}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|author=Ludmilla Charipova|title=Latin Books and the Eastern Orthodox Clerical Elite in Kiev, 1632–1780|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xaasa9l9g8sC&pg=PA48|accessdate=1 April 2013|date=19 September 2006|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-7296-3|page=48}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Journal of Ukrainian Graduate Studies: Zhurnal Vyshchykh Ukraínoznaychykh Studií|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p69pAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 April 2013|year=1976|publisher=Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies.|page=23}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|author=B. F. Porshnev|title=Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War 1630–1635|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jogvt0ZHZZsC&pg=PA138|accessdate=1 April 2013|date=7 December 1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-45139-0|pages=138–139}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|author=Aleksiej Petrażycki |url=http://www.petrazycki.com/Iwankulacha.html |title=Iwan Dawidowicz Petrażycki-Kułacha |publisher=Petrazycki.com |date=16 March 2002 |accessdate=2013-04-01}} }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Petrizhitsky-Kulaga, Ivan}} 6 : Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Cossacks|1570 births|1632 deaths|Executed Ukrainian people|Executed Polish people|17th-century executions |
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