| 词条 | Ruth Brown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Ruth Brown | image = Ruth Brown 1996.jpg | caption = Brown in 1996 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Ruth Alston Weston | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|1|12|mf=y}}[1] | birth_place = Portsmouth, Virginia, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2006|11|17|1928|1|12|mf=y}} | death_place = Henderson, Nevada, U.S. | occupation = Actress, singer-songwriter | instrument = Vocals, piano, keyboards | genre = R&B, soul, jazz, blues, doo-wop, gospel, funk | years_active = 1949–2006 | label = Atlantic, Philips, Fantasy}}Ruth Alston Brown (née Weston, January 12, 1928[2][3][4] – November 17, 2006) was an American singer-songwriter and actress, sometimes known as the "Queen of R&B". She was noted for bringing a pop music style to R&B music in a series of hit songs for Atlantic Records in the 1950s, such as "So Long", "Teardrops from My Eyes" and "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean".[5] For these contributions, Atlantic became known as "the house that Ruth built"[6][7] (alluding to the popular nickname for the old Yankee Stadium).[8] Following a resurgence that began in the mid-1970s and peaked in the 1980s, Brown used her influence to press for musicians' rights regarding royalties and contracts; these efforts led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation.[9] Her performances in the Broadway musical Black and Blue earned Brown a Tony Award, and the original cast recording won a Grammy Award. In 2017, Brown was inducted into National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in Detroit, Michigan. Early lifeBorn in Portsmouth, Virginia, Brown was the eldest of seven siblings.[10] She attended I. C. Norcom High School, which was then legally segregated. Brown's father was a dockhand. He also directed the local church choir at Emmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, but the young Ruth showed more interest in singing at USO shows and nightclubs, rebelling against her father.[11] She was inspired by Sarah Vaughan, Billie Holiday, and Dinah Washington.[12] In 1945, aged 17, Brown ran away from her home in Portsmouth along with the trumpeter Jimmy Brown, whom she soon married, to sing in bars and clubs. She then spent a month with Lucky Millinder's orchestra.[5] CareerBlanche Calloway, Cab Calloway's sister, also a bandleader, arranged a gig for Brown at the Crystal Caverns, a nightclub in Washington, D.C., and soon became her manager. Willis Conover, the future Voice of America disc jockey, caught her act with Duke Ellington and recommended her to Atlantic Records bosses Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. Brown was unable to audition as planned because of a car crash, which resulted in a nine-month stay in the hospital. She signed with Atlantic Records from her hospital bed.[13]In 1948, Ertegün and Abramson drove from New York City to Washington, D.C., to hear Brown sing. Her repertoire was mostly popular ballads, but Ertegün convinced her to switch to rhythm and blues.[14] In her first audition, in 1949, she sang "So Long", which became a hit. This was followed by "Teardrops from My Eyes" in 1950. Written by Rudy Toombs, it was the first upbeat major hit for Brown. Recorded for Atlantic Records in New York City in September 1950 and released in October, it was Billboards R&B number one for 11 weeks. The hit earned her the nickname "Miss Rhythm", and within a few months, she became the acknowledged queen of R&B.[15] She followed up this hit with "I'll Wait for You" (1951), "I Know" (1951), "5-10-15 Hours" (1953), "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean" (1953), "Oh What a Dream" (1954),[14] "Mambo Baby" (1954), and "Don't Deceive Me" (1960), some of which were credited to Ruth Brown and the Rhythm Makers. Between 1949 and 1955, her records stayed on the R&B chart for a total of 149 weeks; she would go on to score 21 Top 10 hits altogether, including five that landed at number one. Brown played many racially segregated dances in the southern states, where she toured extensively and was immensely popular. She claimed that a writer had once summed up her popularity by saying, "In the South Ruth Brown is better known than Coca-Cola."{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Her first pop hit came with "Lucky Lips", a song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller and recorded in 1957. The single reached number 6 on the R&B chart and number 25 on the U.S. pop chart.[16] The 1958 follow-up was "This Little Girl's Gone Rockin'", written by Bobby Darin and Mann Curtis. It reached number 7 on the R&B chart and number 24 on the pop chart.[17] She had further hits with "I Don't Know" in 1959 and "Don't Deceive Me" in 1960, which were more successful on the R&B chart than on the pop chart. Later lifeDuring the 1960s, Brown faded from public view and lived as a housewife and mother. She returned to music in 1975 at the urging of the comedian Redd Foxx, followed by a series of comedic acting jobs. These included roles in the sitcom Hello, Larry, the John Waters film Hairspray, and the Broadway productions of Amen Corner and Black and Blue. The latter earned her a Tony Award as Best Actress in a Musical.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}. She is also the aunt to legendary Hip-Hop MC Rakim. Brown's fight for musicians' rights and royalties in 1987 led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. She was inducted as a recipient of the Pioneer Award in its first year, 1989. She was also inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame in 1992 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. Brown recorded and sang with the rhythm-and-blues singer Charles Brown. She also toured with Bonnie Raitt in the late 1990s. Her 1995 autobiography, Miss Rhythm,[18] won the Gleason Award for music journalism. She also appeared on Bonnie Raitt's 1995 live DVD Road Tested, singing "Never Make Your Move Too Soon".[19] She was nominated for another Grammy in the Traditional Blues category for her 1997 album, R + B = Ruth Brown. In the 2000 television miniseries Little Richard, she was portrayed by singer Tressa Thomas. She hosted the radio program Blues Stage, carried by more than 200 NPR affiliates, for six years, starting in 1989.[20] Brown was still touring at the age of 78.[13] She had completed preproduction work on the Danny Glover film, Honeydripper, which she did not live to finish, but her recording of "Things About Comin' My Way" was released posthumously on the soundtrack CD. Her last interview was in August 2006.[21] DeathBrown died in a Las Vegas–area hospital on November 17, 2006, from complications following a heart attack and stroke she suffered after surgery in the previous month. She was 78 years old.[22] A memorial concert for her was held on January 22, 2007, at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, New York. {{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Brown is buried at Roosevelt Memorial Park, Chesapeake City, Virginia.[23] DiscographyAlbums
Compilations
Singles
References1. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/18/arts/music/18brown.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Obituary]. Nytimes.com. November 18, 2006. Accessed January 29, 2016. 2. ^Dates of birth and death. Death-records.mooseroots.com. Accessed January 29, 2016. 3. ^Profile with dates of birth and death. Biography.com. Accessed January 29, 2016. 4. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/17/AR2006111701411.html Obituary]. Washingtonpost.com. Accessed January 29, 2016. 5. ^1 {{cite book|first=Tony|last=Russell|year=1997|title=The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray|publisher= Carlton Books |location=Dubai|page=96|isbn=1-85868-255-X}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Dahl|first=Bill|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ruth-brown-p6193/biography|title=Ruth Brown: Music Biography, Credits and Discography|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=2013-03-18}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-DpxKQ67IkC&pg=PA76&dq=%22The+house+that+Ruth+built%22+atlantic&hl=en&ei=eaLPTpeFE4Ps8QOX983wCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22The%20house%20that%20Ruth%20built%22%20atlantic&f=false|author=Gulla, Bob |title=Icons of R&B and Soul|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=2008|page=76|accessdate=2015-09-07}} 8. ^[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Jv-A9t9gGxIC&pg=PA202&dq=house+that+ruth+built+atlantic+ruth+brown+yankees&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi68OqauMLUAhUqDsAKHUURB8QQ6AEIMDAC#v=onepage&q=house%20that%20ruth%20built%20atlantic%20ruth%20brown%20yankees&f=false Michael Miller,The Complete Idiot's Guide to Music History, Penguin, 2008, p.202] 9. ^{{cite book|title=The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock|last=Heatley|first=Michael|year=2007|publisher=Star Fire|location=London|isbn=978-1-84451-996-5 }} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/17/AR2006111701411_2.html|title=Ruth Brown, 78; R&B Singer Championed Musicians' Rights|date=November 18, 2006|last=Bernstein|first=Adam|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=March 9, 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/ruth-brown-17172326|title=Ruth Brown - Singer, Theater Actress|accessdate= February 10, 2019}} 12. ^Bogdanov, et al. All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues p. 79. Backbeat Books. {{ISBN|0-87930-736-6}}. 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01b4jhw|title=Suzi Quatro's Pioneers of Rock: Ruth Brown|publisher=BBC Radio 2|date=February 9, 2012|accessdate=2013-03-18}} 14. ^1 {{Gilliland|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19748/m1|title=Show 3 – The Tribal Drum: The Rise of Rhythm and Blues. [Part 1]}} 15. ^{{cite book|author=Dawson, Jim; Propes, Steve|year=1992|title=What Was the First Rock'n'Roll Record|publisher=Faber & Faber|location= Boston & London|isbn=0-571-12939-0}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004|last=Whitburn|first=Joel|authorlink=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research|page=54}} 17. ^Rockin' with Ruth by Ruth Brown. Popular Music, Vol. 5, Continuity and Change (1985), pp. 225–234. 18. ^Brown, Ruth; Yule, Andrew (1996). Miss Rhythm. 19. ^{{cite web|last=Ruhlmann |first=William |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/road-tested-mw0000173671|title=Road Tested – Bonnie Raitt: Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |publisher=AllMusic|date=November 7, 1995|accessdate=2013-03-18}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wbgo.org/profile/fhernandez|title=Felix Hernandez|publisher=Wbgo.org|accessdate=2015-09-07}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Interview-Miss-Ruth-Brown-Better-Late-Than-Never-20060829|title=Interview: Miss Ruth Brown: Better Late, Than Never|date=August 29, 2006|author=Rice, Randy |publisher=broadwayworld.com|accessdate=August 20, 2013}} 22. ^Notice of death of Ruth Brown, broadwayworld.com; accessed June 17, 2014. 23. ^[https://books.google.ca/books?id=FOHgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95&dq=ruth+brown+roosevelt+memorial&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwju2OL_8v_eAhUTBHwKHVLQB28Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=ruth%20brown%20roosevelt%20memorial&f=false Resting Places] External links{{Wikipedia books|Ruth Brown}}
| title = Awards for Ruth Brown | list ={{1993 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}{{TonyAward MusicalLeadActress 1976–2000}} }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Ruth}} 22 : 1928 births|2006 deaths|African-American actresses|African-American female singers|American blues singer-songwriters|American rhythm and blues singers|Blues Hall of Fame inductees|Grammy Award winners|Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees|Tony Award winners|Singers from Virginia|Musicians from Portsmouth, Virginia|Atlantic Records artists|Cobblestone Records artists|Skye Records artists|Jump blues musicians|Actresses from Virginia|20th-century American actresses|20th-century American singers|Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners|Songwriters from Virginia|20th-century women singers |
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