“Ruth Park”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Rosina Ruth Lucia Park AM (24 August 1917{{spaced ndash}}14 December 2010)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] was a New Zealand–born Australian author. Her best known works are the novels The Harp in the South (1948) and Playing Beatie Bow (1980), and the children's radio serial The Muddle-Headed Wombat (1951–1970), which also spawned a book series (1962–1982).

Personal history

Park was born in Auckland to a Scottish father and a Swedish mother. Her family later moved to the town of Te Kuiti further south in the North Island of New Zealand, living in isolated areas.^[3]

During the Great Depression her working-class father did various jobs: he laboured on bush roads and bridges, worked as a driver, did government relief work and became a sawmill hand. Finally, he shifted back to Auckland, where he joined the workforce of a municipal council. The family occupied public housing, known in New Zealand as a state house, and money remained a scarce commodity. After attending a Catholic primary school, Park won a partial scholarship to secondary school, but her high-school education was broken by periods of being unable to afford to attend.^[2] She also completed an external degree course at Auckland University.^[5]

Park's first break as a professional writer came when she was hired by the Auckland Star newspaper as a journalist, but she found the assignments she was given unchallenging. Wishing to expand her horizons, she accepted a job offer from the San Francisco Examiner, but the tightening of United States' entry requirements after the bombing of Pearl Harbour forced a change of plan. Instead, she moved to Sydney, Australia, in 1942, where she had lined up a job with another newspaper.

That same year she married the budding Australian author D'Arcy Niland (1917–1967), with whom she had been corresponding as pen pals for some years, and whom she had finally met on a previous visit to Sydney. There she embarked on a career as a freelance writer. Park and Niland had five children, of whom the youngest, twin daughters Kilmeny and Deborah, went on to become book illustrators.^[5] (Park was devastated when Niland died in Sydney at the age of 49 from a heart ailment; Kilmeny also predeceased her — see the Herald obituary.) Park had eleven grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. The writer Rafe Champion is her son-in-law. In addition, Darcy Niland's brother Beresford married Ruth Park's sister Jocelyn.

Writing career

When contracted in 1942 by Ida Elizabeth Osbourne to write a serial for the ABC Children's Session, she wrote the series The Wide-awake Bunyip. When the lead actor Albert Collins died suddenly in 1951, she changed its direction and The Muddle-Headed Wombat was born, with first Leonard Teale then John Ewart in the title role. The series ended when the radio program folded in 1970. Such was its popularity that between 1962 and 1982 she wrote a series of children's books about the character.^[6]

Her first novel was The Harp in the South (1948) – a graphic story of Irish slum life in Sydney, which has been translated into 37 languages. Even though it was acclaimed by literary critics, the book proved controversial with sections of the public due to its candour, with some newspaper letter-writers calling it a cruel fantasy because as far as they were concerned, there were no slums in Sydney. However, the newly married Park and Niland did live for a time in a Sydney slum located in the rough inner-city suburb of Surry Hills and vouched for the novel's accuracy. It has never been out of print. Sydney slum life recurs in her novel for children, Playing Beatie Bow (1980).

Park built on her initial success with the 1949 publication of a follow-up novel titled the Poor Man's Orange. During the 1950s, despite the demands of raising a family, she wrote tirelessly. According to a 2010 tribute article printed in The Sydney Morning Herald and written by her literary agent Tim Curnow, she produced more than 5,000 radio scripts alone during this decade, as well as contributing numerous articles to newspapers and magazines and penning weightier works of fiction.^[7]

She subsequently wrote Missus (1985), a prequel to The Harp in the South, among other novels, and created scripts for film and television. Her autobiographies, A Fence Around the Cuckoo (1992) and Fishing in the Styx (1993), deal with her life in New Zealand and Australia respectively. She also penned a novel set in New Zealand, One-a-pecker, Two-a-pecker (1957), about gold mining in Otago. (It was later renamed The Frost and The Fire.)

Park never remarried. Between 1946 and 2004, she received numerous awards for her contributions to literature in both Australia and internationally.^[8] She was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1987. (Her awards and honours are listed below.)

From 1974 to 1981 Park dwelt on Norfolk Island, where she was the co-owner of a shop selling books and gifts. Her later years, however, were spent living in the Sydney harbourside suburb of Mosman. She died in her sleep on 14 December 2010, at the age of 93.

Awards

Bibliography

Novels

Children's books

Non-fiction

See also

References

1. ^The Australian, 18 December 2010
2. ^¹{{Cite news | last = Maunder | first = Patricia | title = Novelist shone a light on slums | newspaper = Sydney Morning Herald | date = 17 December 2010 | url = http://www.smh.com.au/national/obituaries/novelist-shone-a-light-on-slums-20101216-18zid.html | accessdate = 17 December 2010}}
3. ^¹{{cite web |title= Ruth Park Biography |publisher= Austlit Agent Details |url= http://www.austlit.edu.au/run?ex=ShowAgent&agentId=A$q8 |accessdate= 1 August 2007}}
4. ^She always refused to confirm the actual date, and the published information varies from 1917 to 1924 (Source: Pegasus Book Orphanage)
5. ^¹Ruth Park: "Becoming a Writer" Retrieved 5 November 2015
6. ^The Golden Age of the Argonauts Rob Johnson, Hodder & Stoughton 1997 {{ISBN|0-7336-0528-1}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/so-much-more-than-wombats-mum-20101217-190sk.html |title=So much more than Wombat's mum |first=Tim |last=Curnow |date=18 December 2010 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=7 February 2019}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=Ruth Park: A Celebration |publisher=National Library of Australia |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/friends/ruth/award.html |accessdate=1 August 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906225629/http://www.nla.gov.au/friends/ruth/award.html |archivedate=6 September 2006 }}
Ruth Park: A Celebration (1996), PDF, 41 pages.
9. ^{{cite web |title= Boston Globe–Horn Book Awards, Winners and Honor Books 1967 to present |publisher= The Horn Book Inc. |url= http://www.hbook.com/bghb/past/past.asp |accessdate= 1 August 2007 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080710130321/http://www.hbook.com/bghb/past/past.asp |archivedate= 10 July 2008 |df= dmy-all }}
10. ^{{cite web |title= Its an Honour |publisher= Australian Government |url= http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=870077&search_type=advanced&showInd=true |accessdate = 1 August 2007}}
11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{Cite web|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/sites/default/files/ruth_park_a_celebration.pdf|title=Ruth Park: A Celebration|last=Hooton|first=Joy|date=1996|website=|publisher=Friends of the National Library of Australia|page=34|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=5 March 2018}}
12. ^{{cite news |title= The 100 most influential Australians |publisher= The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 June 2006 |url= http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-100-most-influential-australians/2006/06/26/1151174135442.html |accessdate= 1 August 2007 | date=27 June 2006}}
13. ^So much more than Wombat's mum Sydney Morning Herald obituary