| 词条 | Jacques Friedel |
| 释义 |
| name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Jacques Friedel (3).JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = Friedel in June 2011 | birth_date = {{birth date |1921|02|11}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age |2014|08|27 |1921|02|11}}[1] | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Condensed matter physics[1][1][2] | workplaces = | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
| thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = Nevill Francis Mott | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Theory of transition metals Theory of dislocations Friedel oscillations Friedel sum rule | influences = | influenced = | awards = {{Plainlist|
| spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }}Jacques Friedel ForMemRS[3] ({{IPA-fr|fʁidɛl|lang}}; 11 February 1921 – 27 August 2014) was a French physicist and material scientist.[4][5] EducationFriedel attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school.[6] He studied at the École Polytechnique from 1944 to 1946, and the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris from 1946 to 1948. He graduated from the University of Paris with a Licence ès sciences degree in 1948, then studied at the Metallurgy Laboratory of the School of Mines with Charles Crussard. He graduated from the University of Bristol with a PhD in 1952,{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} where he studied with Nevill Francis Mott,[7] and a Doctorat d'Etat in Paris in 1954. CareerHe was assistant professor at Paris-Sorbonne University in 1956, then full professor of Solid State Physics (from 1959 to 1989) at the University of Paris-Sud where he co-founded the Laboratory of Solid State Physics. He authored more than 200 journal articles. He was the president of the Société française de physique, the European Physical Society,[8] and the French Academy of Sciences from 1992 to 1994. Awards and honorsFriedel was awarded the gold medal of the French CNRS in 1970, elected as a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences[9] and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1988.[3][8][10] He was a fellow of American Physical Society and fellow of European Physical Society. He received in 1964 the Holweck Prize and in 1988 the Von Hippel Award.[11] He was appointed a Knight of the Légion d'Honneur, promoted to Officer and subsequently to Commander on 31 March 1989 and to Grand Officer on 30 December 1995. He was promoted to Grand Cross on 14 July 2013.[12][13] Personal lifeFriedel's great-grandfather Charles Friedel was an organic chemist and crystallographer at Paris-Sorbonne University, his grandfather Georges Friedel worked on liquid crystals, and his father Edmond Friedel was the director of the National School of Mines from 1937 to 1965. References1. ^{{cite book |last=Friedel |first=Jacques |year=1956 |title=Les dislocations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=syrQAAAAMAAJ |location=Paris |language=fr |publisher=Gauthier-Villars |edition=2nd |series=Monographies de chimie physique|accessdate=2014-03-24 |ref =Friedel56}} {{Commons category inline}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Friedel, Jacques}}Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur2. ^{{cite book |last=Friedel |first=Jacques |date=1994-04-01 |title=Graine de mandarin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82Zn9mTnIL8C |location=Paris |language=fr |publisher=Odile Jacob |isbn=2738102549 |accessdate=2014-02-15 |ref =Friedel94}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal|last1=Sutton|first1=Adrian P.|last2=Duparc|first2=Olivier Hardouin|title=Jacques Friedel 11 February 1921 — 27 August 2014|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=61|year=2015|publisher=Royal Society publishing|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2015.0020}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/materials/public/FriedelJacques/Jacques_Friedel_intro.htm |title=Jacques Friedel introduction |publisher=Authors.library.caltech.edu |date= |accessdate=2011-11-21}} 5. ^http://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2014/08/29/le-physicien-francais-jacques-friedel-est-mort-mercredi-a-93-ans_4479209_1650684.html 6. ^{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Quelques Anciens Celebres – Hattemar}} |url=http://www.hattemer.fr/fr/l-ecole/association-des-anciens-eleves/# |title=Quelques Anciens Celebres |publisher=Hattemer |accessdate=2015-06-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618133955/http://www.hattemer.fr/fr/l-ecole/association-des-anciens-eleves/ |archivedate=2015-06-18 |df= }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Pippard | first1 = B. | authorlink = Brian Pippard| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1998.0021 | title = Sir Nevill Francis Mott, C. H. 30 September 1905-8 August 1996 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 44 | pages = 315 | year = 1998 | pmid = | pmc = }} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.eurasc.org/davinci/davinci2010.asp |title=the "Leonardo da Vinci" Award 2010 |publisher=Eurasc |date= |accessdate=2011-11-21}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kva.se/en/Members/|title=Members of the Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/spip.php?article448&lang=en |title=Laboratoire de Physique des Solides - UMR 8502 - Jacques Friedel |publisher=Lps.u-psud.fr |date= |accessdate=2011-11-21}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mrs.org/von-hippel-1988/|title=1988 Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society}} 12. ^DECRET ORDRE DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR Décret du 30 décembre 1995 portant élévation à la dignité de grand officier 13. ^Décret du 12 juillet 2013 portant élévation aux dignités de grand'croix et de grand officier (fr) 13 : École Polytechnique alumni|Mines ParisTech alumni|Corps des mines|1921 births|2014 deaths|French people of German descent|French physicists|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)|Members of the French Academy of Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Alumni of the University of Bristol|Members of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina |
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