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词条 Ryan PT-22 Recruit
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Operational history

  3. Variants

  4. Operators

  5. Aircraft on display

  6. Survivors

  7. Specifications (PT-22)

  8. References

     Notes  Bibliography 

  9. External links

name = PT-22 Recruitimage =Ryan PT-22A Recruit at NASM.jpgcaption =

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type = Trainermanufacturer = Ryan Aeronautical Companydesigner =first flight =introduced =retired =status =primary user = United States Army Air Forcesmore users = United States Army Air Corpsproduced =number built = 1,048unit cost = $10,000developed from = Ryan STvariants with their own articles =
}}

The Ryan PT-22 Recruit, the main military version of the Ryan ST, is a military trainer aircraft used by the United States Army Air Corps during WWII for primary pilot training.

Design and development

The PT-22's fuselage is a simple monocoque structure, with thick gauge alclad skin. The wings feature spruce spars, aluminum alloy ribs, steel compression members, with aircraft fabric covering aft to the trailing edge and aluminum alloy sheet covering from the leading edge to the spar.[1] The wings have 4° 10' of sweep back, 3° of incidence and 4° 30' dihedral.[2]

The PT-22 fuel system consists of a single tank mounted forward of the front cockpit. Fuel is gravity fed to the carburetor. The oil system is a dry-sump type, with all oil stored in a tank located on the front side of the firewall in the upper section of the fuselage. The wing flaps are mechanically operated from a lever located on the left side of each cockpit. Adjustable elevator trim is provided via an elevator trim tab controllable from a handwheel mounted on the left side of each cockpit. In its original configuration, the aircraft was not equipped with an electrical system. Hydraulic brakes are provided for each wheel, controllable via the rudder pedals in each cockpit.[3]

In order to simplify maintenance, the wheel spats and landing gear fairings were deleted in the production examples

Operational history

The PT-22 was developed in 1941 from the civilian Ryan ST series. The earlier PT-20 and PT-21 were the military production versions of the Ryan ST-3 with a total of 100 built. The PT-22 was the United States Army Air Corps' first purpose built monoplane trainer. The rapid expansion of wartime aircrew training required new trainers, and the Ryan PT-22 was ordered in large numbers.[4] Named the "Recruit", it entered operational service with the U.S. Orders also were placed by the Netherlands, but were never realized as the nation capitulated to Axis forces. The small order of 25 ST-3s was redirected to the United States and redesignated as the PT-22A. Another order also came from the U.S. Navy for 100 examples. The PT series was in heavy use throughout the war years with both military and civil schools, but with the end of the war, was retired from the USAAF.[5]

The Ryan PT-22 remains a popular World War II collector aircraft.

Variants

PT-22
Military version of the Model ST.3KR powered by a 160 hp R-540-1, 1,023 built.
PT-22A
Model ST-3S twin-float seaplanes ordered by the Netherlands Navy powered by 160 hp Menasco D4B, ordered cancelled and completed for the United States Army Air Corps with 160 hp R-540-1 engines, 25 built.
PT-22B
Unbuilt project.
PT-22C
PT-22s re-engined with the 160 hp R-540-3, 250 conversions.

Operators

{{China as ROC}}
{{ECU}}
  • Ecuadorian Air Force
{{Flag|USA|1912}}
  • United States Army Air Corps
  • United States Army Air Forces

Aircraft on display

  • 41-15329 – PT-22 on display at the Air Combat Museum in Springfield, Illinois.[6][7]
  • 41-15654 – PT-22 on display at the Vintage Flying Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.[8][9] It is awaiting an engine rebuild.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
  • 41-15721 – PT-22 on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.[10][11]
  • 41-20652 – PT-22 on static display at the Main Campus of the Air Zoo in Kalamazoo, Michigan.[12][13]
  • 41-20952 – PT-22 on static display at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon.[14][15]
  • 41-21039 – PT-22 on static display at the Museum of Aviation in Warner Robins, Georgia.[16]
  • 42-57481 – PT-22A on static display at the Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virginia.[17][18]
  • 42-57492 – PT-22A in storage at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.[19][20]

Survivors

Several PT-22 remain in flyable condition worldwide, as the aircraft continues to be a popular sport plane and warbird.

  • 41-1902 – PT-22 airworthy at the Commemorative Air Force Minnesota Wing in South St. Paul, Minnesota.[21][22][23]
  • c/n 1812 – ST-3KR airworthy at the Port Townsend Aero Museum in Port Townsend, Washington.[24][25][26]
  • 41-20855 – PT-22 airworthy with the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden, Bedfordshire.[27][28] This airframe is the first PT-22 prototype and is designated "001".{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Specifications (PT-22)

{{aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=Pilots Flight Operating Instructions[3] and The New Ryan[29]
|crew=two (student and instructor)
|capacity=
|payload main=
|payload alt=
|length main= 22 ft 5 in
|length alt= 6.90 m
|span main= 30 ft 1 in
|span alt= 9.17 m
|height main= 7 ft 2 in
|height alt= 2.18 m
|area main= 134.25 sq ft
|area alt= 12.5 sq m
|airfoil= NACA 2412
|empty weight main= 1308 lb
|empty weight alt= 593 kg
|loaded weight main= 1860 lb
|loaded weight alt= 844 kg
|useful load main= 552 lb
|useful load alt= 250 kg
|max takeoff weight main= 1,860 lb
|max takeoff weight alt= 844 kg
|more general=
|engine (prop)= Kinner R-540
|type of prop=
|number of props=1
|power main= 160 hp
|power alt= 120 kW
|power original=
|max speed main= 125 mph
|max speed alt= 200 km/h
|cruise speed main= 100 mph
|cruise speed alt=160 km/h
|stall speed main= 62 mph, flaps down; 64 mph, flaps up
|stall speed alt= 100 km/h, flaps down; 103 km/h, flaps up
|never exceed speed main= 190 mph
|never exceed speed alt= 305 km/h
|range main= 231 miles @1560 RPM
|range alt=371 km @1560 RPM
|ceiling main= 15,400 ft
|ceiling alt= 4,700 m
|climb rate main= 710 fpm @ max TO weight
|climb rate alt= 216 m/min @ max TO weight
|loading main= 13.6 lb/sq ft
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=
|armament= *none
|avionics= *none
}}

References

Notes

1. ^Mayborn, Mitch. "The Ryan PT/ST Series". Aircraft in Profile, 1967, 1970, Profile Publications.
2. ^{{Cite book|title=Ryan Sport Trainer|last=Carpenter|first=Dorr B.|publisher=SunShine House|year=1990|isbn=0-943691-03-6|location=USA|pages=69}}
3. ^1 Pilots Flight Operating Instructions
4. ^Donald 1997, p. 793.
5. ^Mondey 2006, p. 225.
6. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT-22 Recruit|url=http://aircombatmuseum.com/?page_id=71|website=Air Combat Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-22 Recruit, s/n 41-15329 USAAF, c/n 1358, c/r N47306|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25688|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT-22 Recruit|url=http://vintageflyingmuseum.org/on-display/ryan-pt-22-recruit|website=Vintage Flying Museum|publisher=Vintage Flying Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-22 Recruit, s/n 41-15654 USAF, c/n 1683, c/r N48748|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=788|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT-22 Recruit|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/196308/ryan-pt-22-recruit.aspx|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|accessdate=15 November 2016|date=21 April 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-22 Recruit, s/n 41-15721 USAAF, c/n 0119, c/r N51713|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=44543|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT-22 Recruit|url=http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=147|website=Air Zoo|publisher=Air Zoo|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-22 Recruit, s/n 41-20652 USAAF, c/n 1861, c/r N5481L|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=42441|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Military Aircraft|url=http://www.evergreenmuseum.org/military-aircrafts|website=Evergreen Museum Campus|publisher=Evergreen Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-22 Recruit, s/n 41-20952 USAAF, c/n 2161, c/r N53438|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=27092|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=PT-22 “RECRUIT”|url=http://www.museumofaviation.net/?artwork=pt-22-recruit|website=Museum of Aviation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT-22A Recruit|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/ryan-pt-22a-recruit|website=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-22A Recruit, s/n 42-57481 USAAF, c/n 1777, c/r N46501|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25511|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT-22A 'Recruit'|url=http://neam.org/ac-ryan-pt22a.php|website=New England Air Museum|publisher=New England Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-22A Recruit, s/n 42-57492 USAAF, c/n 1788, c/r N51707|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26665|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT-22 Recruit|url=http://www.cafmn.org/ryan-pt-22-recruit.html|website=Commemorative Air Force Minnesota Wing|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan PT-21, s/n 41-1902 USAAF, c/n 1023, c/r N9753N|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=34607|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N9753N]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N9753N|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Ryan PT–22|url=http://www.ptaeromuseum.com/aircraft_collection/ryan_pt22/ryanpt22.html|website=Port Townsend Aero Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan ST-3KR, c/n 1812, c/r N62130|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=15667|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N62130]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N62130|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Ryan ST-3KR, s/n 41-20855 USAAF, c/n 2063, c/r G-BTBH|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=63293|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=GINFO Search Results [G-BTBH]|url=https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/modalapplication.aspx?catid=1&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=BTBH|website=Civil Aviation Authority|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
29. ^The New Ryan: Development and History of the Ryan ST and SC 1995, p. 117.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • Cassagneres, Ev. The New Ryan: Development and History of the Ryan ST and SC. Eagan, Minnesota: Flying Books, 1995. {{ISBN|978-0-91113-920-4}}.
  • Donald, David, ed. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada: Prospero Books, 1997. {{ISBN|1-85605-375-X}}.
  • Mondey, David. American Aircraft of World War II (Hamlyn Concise Guide). London: Bounty Books, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-7537-1461-4}}.
  • Pilots Flight Operating Instructions for Army Model PT-22 Airplanes, T.O. NO. 01-100GC-1. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: U.S. Army Air Forces, 1943.
  • United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
  • Dorr B. Carpenter. "Ryan Sport Trainer", SunShine House, Terre Haute Indiana. {{ISBN|0-943691-03-6}}. 1990.
{{Refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Ryan PT-22}}{{Ryan aircraft}}

5 : United States military trainer aircraft 1930–1939|World War II trainer aircraft of the United States|Ryan aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft
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