| 词条 | Jafar Sultan revolt |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Jafar Sultan revolt |image= |caption= |date=Autumn 1931[1][2] |partof = Kurdish separatism in Iran |place= Hewraman, North-Western Iran |result= Revolt suppressed |combatant1= Jafar Sultan's Kurdish rebels |combatant2={{flagicon image|State Flag of Iran (1964).svg}} Iran |commander1= Jafar Sultan |commander2= |strength1= |strength2= |casualties1= |casualties2= |casualties3= |}}{{Campaignbox Kurdish separatism in Iran}} The Jafar Sultan revolt (Kurdish: شۆڕشی جافر سان، Persian: شورش جعفر سلطان) refers to a Kurdish tribal revolt in Pahlavi Iran which erupted in 1931,[1] and was one of the early tribal-nationalist Kurdish revolts against central Iranian rule during the early stage of Kurdish separatism in Iran. BackgroundJafar Sultan of Hewraman region took control of the area between Marivan and north of Halabja and remained independent until 1925. From 1927-34 a number of Kurdish tribal uprisings erupted in the Hewraman and Meriwan regions.[3] In 1926 Iranian forces fighting insurgents in the Pizhdar, Hewraman and Meriwan areas executed all prisoners in an unprecedented act of brutality, likely among the factors that caused 31 Kurdish chieftains in the region to ask for British protection.[3] RevoltDespite attempts to place him under central rule, Jafar Sultan revolted in 1929, but it was effectively crushed. See also{{portal|Iran}}
References1. ^1 Berch Berberoglu. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability. p86. {{Middle East conflicts}}2. ^Gérard Chaliand. A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. p105,249. 3. ^1 David McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition. p225. 3 : 1930s in Iran|Conflicts in 1931|Kurdish rebellions in Iran |
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