| 词条 | Jagat Gosain |
| 释义 |
|name = Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani Begum |title = |image = Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani.jpg |image_size = 170px |succession = |reign = 3 November 1605 – 19 April 1619 |caption = 17th century portrait of Jagat Gosain |predecessor = |successor = |birth_name = Manavati Baiji Lall Sahiba |birth_date = 13 May 1573 |birth_place = Jodhpur, Rajasthan |death_date = {{date of death and age|1619|4|19|1573|5|13|df=y}} |death_place = Agra, Mughal Empire |consort = |spouse = Jahangir |issue = Begum Sultan Shah Jahan Izzat-un-nissa |dynasty = House of Rathore (by birth) House of Timur (by marriage) |father = Raja Udai Singh |mother = Rani Manrang Devi |religion = Hinduism |burial_place = Suhagpura, Agra }}Jagat Gosain ({{lang-fa|جگت گوسین}}; died 19 April 1619) meaning 'Mistress of the World',[1] was Empress consort of the Mughal Empire as the wife of Mughal emperor Jahangir and the mother of his successor, the fifth Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.[2][3] She is also known as Jodh Bai or Jodha bai[4][5] and was given the posthumous title of Bilqis Makani.[6][7] By birth, she was a Rajput princess of Marwar (present-day Jodhpur) and was the daughter of Raja Udai Singh (popularly known as Mota Raja), the Rathore ruler of Marwar and the sister of Sawai Raja Sur Singh, another Rathore ruler of Marwar.[8][9] FamilyKnown most popularly as Jodh Bai,[10] the Jodhpur princess,[11] Jagat Gosain belonged to the Rathore clan of Rajputs and was a daughter of Raja Udai Singh,[5] the ruler of Marwar (present-day Jodhpur).[12] Udai Singh was popularly known by the sobriquet Mota Raja (the fat king).[13] Her mother was Manrang Devi,[14] daughter of Raja Askaran of Gwalior (d.1599),[15][16] who was also briefly Raja of Amber before being ousted in favour of his uncle, Bihari Mal.[17] Her paternal grandfather was Maldeo Rathore,[18] under whose rule Marwar turned into a strong Rajput Kingdom that resisted foreign rule and challenged the invaders for northern supremacy. Maldeo Rathore refused to ally with either the Sur Empire or the Mughal Empire after Humayun regained control of North India in 1555. This policy was continued by his son and successor Chandrasen Rathore.[19] After the death of Maldeo Rathore in 1562, a fratricidal war for succession started and Chandrasen crowned himself in the capital Jodhpur. But his reign was short lived as Emperor Akbar's army occupied Merta in the same year and the capital Jodhpur in 1563.[20] After the death of Rao Chandrasen in January 1581, Marwar was brought under direct Mughal administration. In August 1583, Akbar restored the throne of Marwar to Udai Singh, who, unlike his predecessors, submitted to the Mughals and subsequently joined the Mughal service.[20] Marriage to JahangirAfter submitting to the Mughals, Udai Singh decided to give his daughter Jagat Gosain in marriage to Akbar's eldest son, Prince Salim. Certain other Rajput nobles did not like the idea of their kings marrying their daughters to the Mughals as they considered it a sign of humiliation and degradation. As a result, Kalyandas Rathore of Siwana threatened to kill both Udai Singh and Prince Salim. Akbar, in return, ordered the imperial forces to attack Kalyandas at Siwana. Kalyandas died fighting along with his men and the women of Siwana committed Jauhar (the Hindu custom of mass self-immolation by women).[21] Jagat Gosain married the 16 year-old Prince Salim (later known as 'Jahangir' upon his accession) on 26 June 1586. Although the marriage was a political one, Jagat was known not only for her beauty and charm but for her wit, courage, and spontaneity of response - all of which greatly endeared her to her husband during the early years of their marriage.[22] In 1590, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter, named Begum Sultan, who died at the age of one.[23] On 5 January 1592, she gave birth to Salim's third son, who was named 'Khurram' ("joyous") by his grandfather, the Emperor Akbar. The prince, who was to become the future emperor Shah Jahan, was Akbar's favourite grandson and in the words of Jahangir "was more attentive to my father [Akbar] than all [my] children... He recognized him as his own child."[10] After the birth of Shah Jahan, she was given the title Taj Bibi, meaning 'crown wife'. Just prior to Khurram's birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to the childless Empress Ruqaiya Sultan Begum (Akbar's chief wife)[24][25] that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness.[26] So, when Khurram was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from Jagat Gosaini and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor.[26] Jagat was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls.[27] Ruqaiya assumed the primary responsibility for Khurram's upbringing and he grew up under her care.[28] The two shared a close relationship with each other as Jahangir noted in his memoirs, that Ruqaiya had loved his son, Khurram, "a thousand times more than if he had been her own [son]."[29] Khurram remained with her until he had turned almost 14. After Akbar's death in 1605, the young prince was allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, be closer to his biological mother.[26] In the intervening years, Jagat had given birth to her third (and last) child in 1597, a daughter, Izzat-un-nissa, who died in infancy.[23] Jagat Gosain seems to have lost her husband's favour quite early on in their marriage,[30] more so after the arrival of her arch-rival in the imperial harem, Nur Jahaṇ, of whom Jagat was scornful. Jahangir had married her in 1611 and from the time of their marriage until his death, Nur Jahan was indisputably his most favourite wife.[31] Even prior to his marriage with Nur Jahan, Jahangir's chief consort and Padshah Begum was his wife, Saliha Banu Begum, who held this position from the time of his accession in 1605 till her death in 1620, after which these honorable titles were passed on to Nur Jahan.[10] DeathJagat Gosain died on 19 April 1619 at Agra.[32] Jahangir noted the death briefly, saying simply that she had "attained the mercy of God." After her death, Jahangir ordered that she be called Bilqis Makani ("the Lady of Pure Abode")[33] in all of the official documents.[34] She was buried in Suhagpura, Agra.[35] Her tomb consisted of a high dome, gateways, towers and a garden situated in the cantonment area. All of this was blown up in 1832 with gunpowder, for the sake of its site and material, stone and brick, which the British needed.[36] In popular culture
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |1= 1. Jagat Gosain |2= 2. Udai Singh, Raja of Marwar |3=3. Manrang Devi |4= 4. Maldeo, Rao of Marwar |5= 5. Swarup Devi |6= 6. Askaran, Raja of Gwalior |7= |8= 8. Ganga, Rao of Marwar |9= 9. Padma Bai of Sirohi[39] |10= 10. Jait Singh, Raja of Khairawa[40] |11= |12= 12. Bhim Singh, Raja of Amber[41] |13= |14= |15= }} References1. ^{{cite book|first=|last=|title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 57, Part 1|publisher=Asiatic Society (Kolkata, India)|year=1889|pages=71|isbn=}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Manuel|first1=edited by Paul Christopher|last2=Lyon,|first2=Alynna|last3=Wilcox|first3=Clyde|title=Religion and Politics in a Global Society Comparative Perspectives from the Portuguese-Speaking World.|date=2012|publisher=Lexington Books|location=Lanham|isbn=9780739176818|page=68}} 3. ^{{cite book| last = Eraly| first = Abraham| title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals| publisher = Penguin Books India| year = 2007| ISBN = 0141001437| page = 299}} 4. ^Findly, p. 396 5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=transl.|last2=ed.,|last3=Thackston|first3=annot. by Wheeler M.|title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|date=1999|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=9780195127188|page=13}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Sudha|title=The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India|date=2016|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=9789351505679|page=144|language=en}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=K.S.|title=The Mughal harem|date=1988|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788185179032|page=149}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Shujauddin|first1=Mohammad|last2=Shujauddin|first2=Razia|title=The Life and Times of Noor Jahan|date=1967|publisher=Caravan Book House|location=Lahore|page=50|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Balabanlilar|first1=Lisa|title=Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia|date=2015|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9780857732460|page=10|language=en}} 10. ^1 2 Findly, p. 125 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Tillotson|first1=Giles|title=Taj Mahal|date=2008|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=9780674063655|page=28}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Chandra|first1=Satish|title=Medieval India : from Sultanat to the Mughals|date=2005|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788124110669|page=116|edition=Revised}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=Jaswant Lal|title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India|date=1986|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9788120710153|page=418}} 14. ^Soma Mukherjee, Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions (2001), p. 128 15. ^Richard Saran and Norman P. Ziegler, The Mertiyo Rathors of Merto, Rajasthan (2001), p. 194 16. ^Gwalior State Gazetteer, Volume 1 (1908), p. 237 17. ^{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=J. N. |authorlink=Jadunath Sarkar |origyear=1984 |edition=Reprinted |year=1994 |title=A History of Jaipur |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |pages=33 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31}} 18. ^{{cite book|last1=Lal|first1=K.S.|title=The Mughal harem|date=1988|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788185179032|page=27}} 19. ^{{cite book |title=Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art |first=Melia Belli |last=Bose |publisher=BRILL |year=2015 |isbn=978-9-00430-056-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dR0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA150 |page=150}} 20. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=Jadunath|title=A history of Jaipur : c. 1503-1938|date=1994|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad|isbn=81-250-0333-9|page=41|edition=Rev. and}} 21. ^{{cite book|author=Alam, Muzaffar |author2=Subrahmanyam, Sanjay|page=177|title=The Mughal State, 1526–1750|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563905-6}} 22. ^Findly, p. 124 23. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Moosvi|first1=Shireen|title=People, taxation, and trade in Mughal India|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195693157|page=114}} 24. ^{{cite book|last=Burke|first=S. M.|title=Akbar, the greatest Mogul|year=1989|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|pages=142}} 25. ^{{cite book |last=Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan |date=1999 |title=The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India |translator-last=Thackston |translator-first=Wheeler M. |translator-link=Wheeler Thackston |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=437 |isbn=978-0-19-512718-8 |quote=Ruqayya-Sultan Begam, the daughter of Mirza Hindal and wife of His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani [Akbar], had passed away in Akbarabad. She was His Majesty's chief wife. Since she did not have children, when Shahjahan was born His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani entrusted that "unique pearl of the caliphate" to the begam's care, and she undertook to raise the prince. She departed this life at the age of eighty-four.}} 26. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Faruqui|first=Munis D.|title=Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-02217-1|page=71}} 27. ^{{cite book|last1=Diana|last2=Preston|first2=Michael|title=A teardrop on the cheek of time : the story of the Taj Mahal|date=2008|publisher=Corgi|location=London|isbn=0552154156|quote=The Hindu Jodh Bai was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls}} 28. ^{{cite book|page=299|last=Eraly|first=Abraham|title=Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA379 |year=2000|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-100143-2 |accessdate=22 November 2014}} 29. ^{{cite book|last=Jahangir|title=The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī: or, Memoirs of Jāhāngīr, Volumes 1–2|year=1968|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|page=48|editor=Henry Beveridge}} 30. ^Findly, p. 49 31. ^Findly, p. 126 32. ^{{cite book|last1=transl.|last2=ed.,|last3=Thackston|first3=annot. by Wheeler M.|title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|date=1999|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=9780195127188|page=300}} 33. ^Findly, p. 94 34. ^Findly, p. 162 35. ^{{cite book|first=Ashirbadi Lal|last=Srivastava|title=Society and culture in 16th century India|publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala|year=1973|pages=293|isbn=}} 36. ^{{cite book|first=R.|last=Nath|title=Histographical Study of Indo-Muslim Study: Medieval Architecture of India and Pakistan|publisher=Historical Research Documentation Programme|year=1989|pages=10|isbn=978-8-185-10510-9}} 37. ^{{cite book|last1=Sundaresan|first1=Indu|title=Twentieth wife : a novel|date=2002|publisher=Washington Square Press|location=New York|isbn=9780743428187|page=11|edition=Paperback}} 38. ^{{cite book|last1=Sundaresan|first1=Indu|title=The Feast of Roses: A Novel|date=2003|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9780743481960|language=en}} 39. ^Shyam Singh Ratnawat, Krishna Gopal Sharma, History and culture of Rajasthan: from earliest times upto 1956 A.D. (1999), p.162 40. ^Rajvi Amar Singh, Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan (1992), p.38 41. ^{{harvtxt|Sarker|1994|p=28}} External links{{commons category}}
Bibliography
10 : 1573 births|1619 deaths|Indian female royalty|Mughal nobility|People from Agra|Women of the Mughal Empire|Indian Hindus|People from Jodhpur|Indian queen consorts|16th-century Indian women |
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