“Jakub Polák (anarchist)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Polák was born in Karlovy Vary and grew up in Marxist–Leninist Czechoslovakia.^[3] He became a dissident in his teens, when he became involved in the Prague Spring of 1968, and as a consequence he was not permitted to attend university.^[2] He took part in various dissident and underground movement activities.^[3] He was a co-founder of the 1989 strike committee that led to the Velvet Revolution.^[2] He was also involved with the Czech branch of the Movement for Civil Society.^[4]

After the fall of the Eastern Bloc, Polák openly founded numerous anarchist organizations and publications.^[2] He joined the "Levá alternativa" ("LA"; transl. "Left Alternative"), eventually becoming a member of its anarchist wing.^[2] The group split, with the anarchist LA becoming the Československé anarchistické sdružení (ČAS; transl. Czechoslovak Anarchist Association).^[2] In 1991, Polák and others from ČAS founded the A-Kontra magazine, which became the central organ of the Czech anarchist movement in the 1990s and early 2000s.^[2] Polák remained involved with A-Kontra until his death, working as editor-in-chief with the magazine.^[3]^[4]

Polák was involved in numerous anti-racist organizations and activities. He worked as "attorney-in-fact" with numerous victims of racist and neo-Nazi attacks, including in the case of Tibor Danihel, a victim of a 1993 attack by racist skinheads in Písek, South Bohemia,^[3] which he eventually brought to the Czech Supreme Court.^[2] Polák was also instrumental in the cases of the 1994 murder of Zdeněk Čepela in Tanvald; the 1998 murder of Milan Lacek in Orlová; a 1998 racist skinhead campaign in České Budějovice; the 2001 murder of Ota Absolon in Svitavy; and a 2010 attack by neo-Nazis in Benešov.^[2] He also served as an editor of various Romani publications, including the Romano gendalos (transl. "Romani Mirror") between 1993 and 1995, and with a news server Romea.cz until the end of his life.^[2] Polák was himself attacked in August, 1999, in a restaurant in Karvina, where he was meeting government minister Jana Chalupova regarding a 1998 skinhead murder of a Romani.^[5]

Polák was active in housing and squatters rights movements throughout his life.^[2] In 1990, he co-founded a squat on Pplk. Sochora street in Prague.^[2] He remained active in squatters' rights movements throughout the rest of his life. Even in the last months of his life, while ill with cancer, Polák worked with Roma people in a case^[3] involving their eviction and relocation from their home in Přednádraží, a neighborhood (sometimes described as a ghetto or shantytown) in Ostrava-Privoz.^[6]

Awards

Notes

1. ^Nadace M. J. Stránského, The New Presence (1998).
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²Czech Press Agency, Gwendolyn Albert (transl.), "Czech anarchist, advocate of Romani people's rights, has passed away", Romea.cz, Sept. 26, 2012.
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵Czech News Agency, "Czech Anarchist Movement Doyen Polak Dies" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102142505/http://praguemonitor.com/2012/09/27/czech-anarchist-movement-doyen-polak-dies |date=2012-11-02 }}, Sept. 27, 2012.
4. ^¹Stephen Roth Institute, Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, University of Nebraska Press, 2002, p.186, citing Prague Post, April 25-May 1, 2001.
5. ^U.S. Dept. of State, "1999 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Czech Republic" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613144120/http://asylumlaw.org/docs/showDocument.cfm?documentID=31 |date=2010-06-13 }} (Feb. 25, 2000).
6. ^Czech News Agency, "Roma refuse to leave their Ostrava homes" {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130201162636/http://praguemonitor.com/2012/08/06/roma-refuse-leave-their-ostrava-homes |date=2013-02-01 }}, Aug. 6, 2012.