James Garland may refer to:

• James Garland (Virginia politician) (1791–1885), politician and lawyer from Virginia
• James Garland (Australian politician) (1813–1904), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
• James C. Garland (born 1942), physicist, author and President of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
• James Henry Garland (born 1931), bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States

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