| 词条 | Jane Stephens |
| 释义 |
|name = Jane Stephens |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = 9 October 1879 |birth_place = Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1959|12|11|1879|10|09}} |death_place = Hospital of St John and St Elizabeth |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = Zoology |work_institutions = National Museum of Ireland |alma_mater = Royal College of Science for Ireland |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Authority on Sponges |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = Robert Lloyd Praeger, Robert Francis Scharff, H.J. Buchanan-Wollaston, James Nathaniel Halbert |influenced = |prizes = |religion = Quaker Church of Ireland |footnotes = |signature = }}Jane Stephens was an Irish zoologist who was considered a leading authority on sponges in Ireland with specialised knowledge in other marine life who identified and named over 40 sponges new to science.[1][2] From 1905 to 1920 she was employed in the Natural History Division of the National Museum of Ireland working primarily on the collections of marine invertebrates, including taking part in the Clare Island Survey. Robert Lloyd Praeger testified to her knowledge of and work with Irish sponges stating that "Most of what we know of this group, whether marine or fresh-water, in Ireland, or off the Irish coasts, is due to her work."[3] Early life and educationStephens was born in Dublin in 1879, the sixth child of Quakers Albert and Jane Stephens.[4] Her elder sister, Laura Stephens, was a talented linguist working as a translator in a government department. She attended Alexandra College excelling in her studies as well as hockey and lawn tennis. She then went on to be the second woman to be awarded a degree (BSc) in the Royal University of Ireland in 1903, receiving second-class honours in geology and biology.[4] Professional careerShe was employed in the Natural History Division of the National Museum of Ireland in 1905, firstly as a Technical Assistant and later as an Assistant Naturalist.[3][5] Stephens was a specialist in Porifera and Cnidaria. She published many monographs on the collections of the Natural History Museum[6] and novel specimens deposited in the museum from various dredges.[7] She also identified 34 species of sponge new to science from the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.[8] Stephens took part in the Clare Island Survey in 1909 and 1910, surveying the fresh and marine sponges as well as other marine invertebrates.[9] She worked extensively with her fellow museum worker, Eileen Barnes, an artist who illustrated many of Stephens' publications. Later lifeIn 1920 Stephens married Robert Francis Scharff, who was the then acting Director of the National Museum of Ireland and Keeper of the Natural History Division. Due to the marriage bar in Ireland, Stephens had to resign her post in the Museum.[10] Once retired, Stephens appears to have stopped any scientific research,[11] which was not unusual for married women at that time.[12] They had one daughter, Marjorie Patience, born in 1921. Scharff subsequently retired in 1921 and the family moved to Worthing, where Scharff died in 1934. Stephens died in 1959 in London.[13] The lack of an obituary to Stephens has been attributed to the fact that she outlived many of those she worked with during her 15-year career in Ireland,[4] such as Matilda Cullen Knowles, Eileen Barnes and Robert Lloyd Praeger. References1. ^{{cite web|last1=WoRMS|title=WoRMS source details|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8266|website=World Register of Marine Species|accessdate=10 November 2014}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stephens, Jane}}2. ^{{cite web|last1=WoRMS|title=WoRMS source details|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8267|website=Worms Register of Marine Species|accessdate=10 November 2014}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|last=Praeger|first=R. Lloyd|title=Some Irish Naturalists: A Biographical Note|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/herb/books/inltos.htm|publisher=National Botanic Gardens|accessdate=26 March 2014}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Lucey|first1=John|title=Jane Stephens (1879–1959): zoologist and leading authority on sponges|journal=Irish Naturalists' Journal|year=2014|volume=33|issue=2|pages=93–99}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=O'Riordan|first1=C.E.|title=The Natural History Museum, Dublin|date=1983|publisher=Stationery Office|location=Dublin}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Stephens|first1=Jane|title=A list of Irish Coelenterata including the Ctenphora|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|year=1905|volume=25B|pages=25–92}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Stephens|first1=Jane|title=Alcyonarian and Madreporarian Corals of the Irish coasts. With description of a new species of Stachyodes by Professor S.J. Hickson, F.R.S.|journal=Fisheries, Ireland, Scientific Investigations, 1907|year=1909|volume=5|pages=1–28}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Stephens|first=Jane|title=XV.—Atlantic Sponges collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|year=1915|volume=50|issue=2|pages=423–467|doi=10.1017/S0080456800036012}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Wyse Jackson|first=Patrick N.|title=The Role of Women in the History of Geology|year=2007|publisher=Geological Society of London|pages=97–113|author2=Mary E. Spencer Jones|editor=Cynthia V. Burek, Bettie Higgs|chapter=The quiet workforce: the various roles of women in geological and natural history museums during the early to mid-1900s}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Marilyn|first=Bailey Ogilvie|title=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=1226|author2=Joy Dorothy Harvey}} 11. ^{{cite web|last=Leaney|first=Enda|title=Scharff, Robert Francis|url=http://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do;jsessionid=99778D9134EA7157F4915E454BA2A74A?articleId=a7945#|work=Dictionary of Irish Biography|publisher=Royal Irish Academy|accessdate=26 March 2014}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Whyte|first=Nicholas|title=Science, Colonialism and Ireland|year=1999|publisher=Cork University Press|pages=16}} 13. ^{{cite web|work=The London Gazette|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/41942/supplements/829/page.pdf|accessdate=26 March 2014|year=1960}} 7 : Irish zoologists|1879 births|1959 deaths|People from County Dublin|Marine zoologists|Irish women scientists|Irish scientists |
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