| 词条 | January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| width = | partof =War in Donbass | image = File:Mariupol tetrapods - 0152.jpg | caption = Tetrapods in Mariupol with pro-Ukrainian and pro-peace graffiti | date =24 January 2015 | place =Mariupol, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine | coordinates = | map_type = | map_relief = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_marksize= | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = | result = | status = | combatants_header = | combatant1 ={{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukraine | combatant2 ={{flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}} Donetsk People's Republic | combatant3 = | commander1 = {{Flagicon|Ukraine}} Andriy Biletsky | commander2 = {{flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}} Alexander Zakharchenko {{flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}} Vladimir Kononov {{flagicon|Russia}} Aleksandr Pepel (claimed by Ukraine)[1] | commander3 = |units1={{Flagicon image|Ensign of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg}} Armed Forces of Ukraine:
Internal Affairs Ministry:
|units2={{flagicon image|War Flag of Novorussia.svg}} Novorossiya Armed Forces {{flagicon image|Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg}} Russian Armed Forces (claimed by Ukraine,[2] denied by Russia)[3] | units3 = | strength1 = | strength2 = | strength3 = | casualties1 = 1 killed[4][5] | casualties2 = None | casualties3 = 30 civilians killed[5] and 108 wounded[6][7] | notes = | campaignbox ={{Campaignbox 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine}} }} An attack on Mariupol was launched on 24 January 2015 by pro-Russian[8][9] forces associated with the Donetsk People's Republic against the strategic maritime city of Mariupol, defended by the Ukrainian government forces. Mariupol had come under attack multiple times in the past year in the course of the War in Donbass, including in May–June 2014, when the city was under the control of pro-Russian forces; and the September 2014 offensive. On 24 January 2015, the Mariupol city council and regional police said the city was subjected to indiscriminate[10] rocket fire from the long-range Grad systems, killing at least 30 and injuring 128[11]. The Ukrainian officials said the rebels and the Russian military were responsible.[12] According to Ukrainian intelligence, the attack was ordered by full-time Russian military commanders.[13] in 2018, the Bellingcat open-data investigative group revealed evidence that officers and equipment of Russian forces were directly involved in the attack.[14][15] The rebels denied the attack, but their leader, Alexander Zakharchenko, had announced an offensive against Mariupol later that day.[16] According to a spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine, the Grad and Uragan rockets originated from the areas controlled by the pro-Russian forces.[17][18] United Nations political chief Jeffrey D. Feltman said the attacks "knowingly targeted civilians," violated international humanitarian law, and could amount to war crimes.[19] The attack on Mariupol came 11 days after the deadly Volnovakha bus attack, when a rocket strike targeted a government checkpoint in the town of Volnovakha, hitting a passenger bus which resulted in the death of 12 civilians. Government officials attributed the incident to the separatists, while the rebels denied they conducted the attack.[20] BackgroundMariupol and Battle of Debaltseve were high stake arenas for pro-Russian forces and Ukrainian forces as both cities are vital transport hubs, described as a "gateway to a land-bridge" to Russian-annexed Crimea, and strategically crucial to the pro-Russian objective of opening up and linking areas under their control with a view to securing the entire Donetsk and Luhansk regions.[21] On 22 January, pro-Russian rebels tried to attack Ukrainian positions on North-East of the city but failed.[22] The next day, Alexander Zaharchenko vowed to fight until he reached the border of the Donetsk Oblast. Separatists reportedly began a tank offensive, and also conducted attacks near the west of the city. The village of Talakovka was reportedly shelled hard by separatists, but Ukrainian forces were "holding on". The shelling was confirmed by Andriy Lysenko, but said the separatists were still incapable of shelling the city itself because Ukrainian forces had not led them get close enough. Dmitry Tymchuk, a military blogger, reported on Facebook that a convoy of DPR tanks and APCs were advancing towards the city.[23] January 24 eventsOn 24 January, a major escalation took place after a rocket attack killed many people.[24][25][26][27][28] Mariupol city authorities said that a Grad rocket hit a residential area in the city, and killed 20 people. Video footage showed that cars, buildings, and apartment flats were in flames as a result of the attack. The attack appeared to come from a multiple rocket launcher. One resident told Agence France-Presse on the telephone that the rebels had managed to seize Mariupol Airport, although rebels made no comment about that alleged airport seizure. The airport is located some 20 kilometers behind the front line. The rebels denied any involvement in the attack.[29] The rocket attacks came a day after the rebels rejected a peace deal and announced they were going on a multi-prong offensive against the government in Kiev to vastly increase their territory.[10] Despite rebel denials, Donetsk rebel leader Alexander Zakharchenko said that his forces had started an offensive on Mariupol, and rejected further talks with Kiev; Zakharchenko said that "Today an offensive was launched on Mariupol. This will be the best possible monument to all our dead." Zakharchenko also stated that it is a provocation as DPR militants do not have mentioned artillery systems and according to his sourced the shelling was conducted from Staryi Krym.[30] The death count also rose to 27 people, with several more injured. Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk called for an urgent meeting at the UN Security Council.[31] A Ukrainian military checkpoint was also hit in the attack, killing one soldier. The city council urged citizens of Mariupol not to panic and said that "all units are on fully battle-ready. Security measures in the city have been strengthened."[32] The General Secretary of NATO Jens Stoltenberg condemned the attack, urging Russia to stop supporting the rebels.[33] President Petro Poroshenko considered the attack a "crime against humanity", and cancelled his trip to Saudi Arabia. He also vowed to deliver a "full victory" over the rebels. According to OSCE observers "Grad" and "Uragan" rockets were used in this attack, originating from villages Oktyabr (19 km NE) and Zaichenko (15 km NE), both controlled by separatist forces.[34] Later, pro-Russian rebels said they were not going to storm Mariupol and the offensive was only to strengthen positions around the city.[35] The next day, President Poroshenko vowed to calm the recent fighting in the strategic port city. Speaking at an emergency meeting at the Ukrainian Security council, he said that the Minsk Protocol signed on September 5th was the only solution to end the conflict. He said intercepted radio conservations prove that pro-Russian rebels were behind the attacks, but the conservation hadn't been confirmed independently yet. Russia denied involvement in the attack, saying it was a result of Ukrainian forces shelling residential areas indiscriminately.[36] Petro Poroshenko said Ukrainian forces killed most of rebels involved in the shelling, and put the rebel casualties at 110. Six Grad missile launchers were also destroyed according to him, and that the SBU captured the artillery gun spotter back to Kiev for questioning.[37] Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) published a detailed timeline of the rocket attack.[38]AftermathOn 27 January, Azov Battalion members started training outside Mariupol should a rebel attack occur. Two of its members were killed in an attack on a checkpoint near the city the next day.[39] On 1 February, the villages of Talakovka and Pavlopol near Mariupol city were shelled heavily by pro-Russian rebels, according to Ukrainian forces.[40] On 3 February, Separatists reportedly tried to attack Mariupol, but according to Ukrainian forces they claimed they destroyed two enemy tanks and a group of insurgents near the city.[41] On 4 February, Ukrainian SBU reported that they successfully completed a special operation to liquidate the detachment of Russian Army which conducted this attack.[42] {{Main|Shyrokyne standoff (February–July 2015)}}On 10 February, the National Guard and the Azov Battalion launched an offensive on the town of Novoazovsk[43] and quickly managed to capture the towns of Shyrokyne, Pavlopil, Kominternovo[44] and Oktyabyr. Ukrainian forces managed to push the separatists back to Sakhanka, where the rebels were fighting back.[45] However, fighting continued in the area and by late April, Deutsche Welle reported that pro-Russian militants had set up positions in the centre of Shyrokyne.[46] International reactionsThe attack was condemned in a public statement by the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini.[47] The condemnation by the United Nations Security Council was vetoed by Russia on the ground that the condemnation sought to blame Alexander Zakharchenko's announcement of beginning of the attack on Mariupol as being irresponsible and to condemn separatist forces who, according to Russia, are "self-defense forces".[48] The attack and "provocative statements by self-defense leaders" were eventually condemned by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.[49] The attack was also condemned by NATO.[50] GallerySee also{{Portal|Ukraine}}
External links
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residents of Ukrainian port city remember victims killed on January 24 (VIDEO)|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/video-2/ukraine-today-mariupol-rocket-attack-residents-of-ukrainian-port-city-remember-victims-killed-on-january-24-video-379088.html|newspaper=Kyiv Post|date=1 February 2015|accessdate=28 February 2015}} 41. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nv.ua/ukraine/pod-mariupolem-sily-ato-unichtozhili-dva-tanka-terroristov-shtab-oborony-32648.html|title=Под Мариуполем силы АТО уничтожили два танка террористов - штаб обороны|trans-title=Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed two terrorist tanks in Mariupol - Defence Headquarters|language=ru|date=3 February 2015|work=New Times|accessdate=28 February 2015}} 42. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://interfax.com.ua/news/general/248668.html|title=СБУ уничтожила российскую террористическую группу, обстрелявшую Мариуполь 24 января - Наливайченко|trans-title=Security Service of Ukraine has destroyed the Russian terrorist group who shelled Mariupol on January 24 - Nalyvaichenko|publisher=Interfax.com.ua|date=4 February 2015|accessdate=19 February 2015}} 43. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/10/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0LE0SF20150210|title=Ukrainian forces launch offensive near Mariupol, east Ukraine: Kiev|author=Pavel Polityuk|author2=Alessandra Prentice|author3=Louise Ireland|date=10 February 2015|work=Reuters|accessdate=28 February 2015}} 44. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31357588|title=Ukraine conflict: Battles rage ahead of Minsk talks|author=|date=10 February 2015|work=BBC|accessdate=28 February 2015}} 45. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/azov-battalion-spearheads-ukrainian-counter-offensive-380136.html|title=Azov Battalion spearheads Ukrainian counter-offensive|author=Staff writers|author2=Maxim Tucker|date=10 February 2015|work=Kyiv Post|accessdate=28 February 2015}} 46. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.dw.de/ukraine-no-end-in-sight-for-the-women-of-shyrokyne/a-18408494 |title=Ukraine: No end in sight for the women of Shyrokyne |first= Frank |last= Hofmann |work= Deutsche Welle |date= 25 April 2015 }} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150124_01_en.htm|title=Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Federica Mogherini on the attack on Mariupol|publisher=European Commission|date=24 January 2015|accessdate=24 January 2015|author=Federica Mogherini}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2015/01/25/russia_blocks_un_condemnation_of_shelling_of_ukraine_city/|title=Russia blocks UN condemnation of shelling of Ukraine city|author=Edith M. Lederer|first=|date=25 January 2015|website=|publisher=Salon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074929/http://www.salon.com/2015/01/25/russia_blocks_un_condemnation_of_shelling_of_ukraine_city/|archive-date=2016-03-05|dead-url=|accessdate=25 January 2015}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/un-chief-ban-ki-moon-condemns-ukraine-rebel-offensive/articleshow/46009351.cms|title=UN chief Ban Ki-moon condemns Ukraine rebel offensive|last=|first=|date=25 January 2015|website=|publisher=Economic Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106043225/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/un-chief-ban-ki-moon-condemns-ukraine-rebel-offensive/articleshow/46009351.cms|archive-date=2017-01-06|dead-url=|accessdate=25 January 2015}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_116852.htm|title=NATO Secretary General statement on the attack on Mariupol|publisher=NATO Press Release|date=25 January 2015|accessdate=25 January 2015}} 14 : Ukrainian war casualties|Attacks in Ukraine in 2015|Battles of the war in Donbass|Conflicts in 2015|Mariupol|2015 in Ukraine|Attacks in 2015|Mass murder in 2015|History of Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk People's Republic|January 2015 events in Europe|Filmed accidental deaths|War crimes in Ukraine|Murder in Ukraine |
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