| 词条 | Saharsa |
| 释义 |
| name = Saharsa | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline =DB Road, Saharsa.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption =DB road, Saharsa | pushpin_map = India Bihar | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India | coordinates = {{coord|25.88|N|86.6|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Bihar | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = Mithila | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Saharsa | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 41 | population_total = 155175 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Maithili, Hindi, Urdu
Saharsa is a city and a municipality in the Saharsa district in the eastern part of the state of Bihar, India. It is situated near the eastern banks of the Kosi River. It serves as the administrative headquarters for Saharsa District and is also the capital (Divisional Headquarter) of the Kosi Division of the state of Bihar, which includes Saharsa, Madhepura and Supaul districts. The name Saharsa originates from the Sanskrit word Saharsha meaning 'laden with joy'. The city has a significant number of Maithili speakers. Alongside Maithili, Hindi is widely understood and spoken. HistorySaharsa is part of the Mithila region,[1] which first gained prominence after settlement by Indo-Aryan tribes that established the Mithila Kingdom (also known as the Kingdom of the Videhas).[2] During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videhas developed as one of the major political and cultural centres of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videhas Kingdom were referred to as Janakas.[3] The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajji confederacy, which had its capital in the city Vaishali, which is also located in Mithila.[4] In the 20th century, Saharsa district was part of the Munger and Bhagalpur districts. On 1 April 1954 it was made a district of its own.{{cn|date=October 2018}} It was also made the headquarters of Kosi division composed of Saharsa, Purnia and Katihar district, with its headquarters at Saharsa, on 2 October 1972.{{cn|date=October 2018}} A new Civil Sub-Division Birpur consisting of 24 development blocks, including Raghopur, Chhatapur, Basantpur and Nirmali, which were previously under Supaul subdivision of the district, was created on 1 December 1972.{{cn|date=October 2018}} Two new districts, Madhepura and Supaul, were formed from Saharsa district on 30 April 1981 and 1991. Saharsa district now consists of two subdivisions; Saharsa Sadar and Simri Bakhtiarpur. The district consists of 10 development blocks and anchals each.{{cn|date=October 2018}} EconomyIn 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Saharsa one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[5] It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[5] In 2015 the Central government announced the establishment of a new AIIMS in Bihar in the Economic Budget Of 2015.[6][7] AgricultureThe following crops are grown in the region; Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb),[8] rice, mangoes, litchi, bamboo, mustard, corn, wheat and sugarcane. Sagwan or teak (Tectona grandis) trees are now grown on a large scale. GeographySaharsa is located at {{Coord|25.88|N|86.6|E|}}.[9] It has an average elevation of 41 metres (134 feet). Saharsa and its surrounding areas occupy a flat alluvial plain forming part of the Kosi river basin. The town lies in the Kosi alluvial megafan, one of the largest alluvial fans in the world. The land is very fertile but frequent changes in the course of the Kosi, one of the largest tributaries of the Ganges,[10][11] have led to the problems associated with soil erosion. Flooding is a major reason for the poor connectivity of the area; bridges are often washed away. Major flooding occurs almost annually, causing a significant loss of life and property.[12] RiversThe Koshi River and its tributaries flood annually, affecting about 21,000 km2 (8,100 sq mi) of fertile agricultural lands and affecting the rural economy. This is the most devastating river of Bihar, earning it the epithet "Sorrow of Bihar".[13] The Bagmati River regularly breaches its embankments and frequently changes its meandering courses. The annual rate of deposition of alluvium is very high.{{cn|date=October 2018}}. The Gandak River also flows through the southern part of Saharsa. Notable villages{{Main|List of villages in Saharsa district}}{{unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
Demographics{{unreferenced section|date=November 2014}}In 2011, Saharsa had population of 1,897,102, of which male and female were 995,502 and 901,600 respectively. There was change of 25.79 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Saharsa District recorded increase of 33.03 percent to its population compared to 1991. The initial provisional data suggest a density of 1,125 in 2011 compared to 895 of 2001. Total area under Saharsa district is of about {{convert|1686|km2|mi2}}. Average literacy rate of Saharsa in 2011 were 54.57 compared to 39.08 of 2001. Male and female literacy were 65.22 and 42.73 respectively. For 2001 census, the same figures stood at 51.66 and 25.27 in Saharsa District. Total literate in Saharsa District were 829,206 of which male and female were 521,560 and 307,646 respectively. In 2001, Saharsa District had 465,577 in its total region. The sex ratio in Saharsa stood at 906 female per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 910. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. [14]Communication links{{see also|List of National Highways in India}}Saharsa is a railway station on the East Central Railway. It Covers up to Purnia Junction, Forbesganj Station and Mansi Jn. In early 2005, a much-awaited broad gauge line connected it to Khagaria on the New Delhi-Guwahati main line. Earlier there was only a metre gauge line on the Khagaria – Mansi – Forbesganj section of the East Central Railway. Saharsa is directly connected to New Delhi, Kolkata, Amritsar, and Ranchi via Train. Saharsa is connected by railway and roadways to other major towns in Bihar But NH's are full of potholes, not in driving conditions .NH 107 connects it to Maheshkhunt and Purnia . The rural road network is in need of improvement.[15] Saharsa does not have air transport service, though there is an airstrip reserved for government use. Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Airport is nearby. The city is also served by India Post. Its Postal Code is: 852201. Educational Institutes{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
See also
References1. ^https://books.google.co.in/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&lpg=PA30&pg=PA27&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false {{Kosi Division}}2. ^Michael Witzel (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143 3. ^{{cite book |author=Witzel, M. |author-link=Michael Witzel |year=1989 |chapter=Tracing the Vedic dialects |title=Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes |location=Paris |editor1-last=Caillat |editor1-first=C. |pages=141–143 |publisher=Fondation Hugot}} 4. ^{{cite book |author=Hemchandra, R. |year=1972 |title=Political History of Ancient India |location=Calcutta |publisher=University of Calcutta}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|accessdate=27 September 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archivedate=5 April 2012|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^https://www.jagran.com/bihar/saharsa-dharna-18424162.html 7. ^https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/saharsa/story-the-ball-to-build-aiims-in-the-state-government-1417283.html 8. ^http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/Lake2002abs/ses124.html 9. ^Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Saharsa 10. ^http://ponce.sdsu.edu/kosi_river_india.html 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.himalmag.com/apr2001/essay2.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-10-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625184456/http://www.himalmag.com/apr2001/essay2.html |archivedate=25 June 2007 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^Bihar Flood 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_4/GEO_PLATE_F-19.HTML |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-10-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929065044/http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_4/GEO_PLATE_F-19.HTML |archivedate=29 September 2006 |df=dmy-all }} 14. ^An official Census detail of Saharsa, a district of Bihar has been released by Directorate of Census Operations in Bihar. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in Saharsa District of Bihar. 15. ^Per kilometre Cost for Bihar {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20070619133630/http://www.omms.nic.in/citizens/dynamic/imsreport/CostAnalysisPerKM.asp?state=BR&cmbstate=Bihar&district=29&cmbdistrict=Saharsa&year=&cmbyear=&reportlevel=2 |date=19 June 2007 }} 16. ^Benevolent Global Public School 17. ^Delhi Public School 18. ^Eklavya Central School 19. ^Indian High School saharsa 20. ^Jay Pratap Singh Public School 21. ^Kendriya Vidiyalaya Saharsa 22. ^Master Mind Public School 23. ^Shanti Mission Academy 24. ^St.Xavier 3 : Populated places in Mithila, India|Cities and towns in Saharsa district|Saharsa |
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