“Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (or Saint Christopher, Nevis, and Anguilla) was a British colony in the West Indies from 1882 to 1983, consisting of the islands of Anguilla (until 1980), Nevis, and Saint Christopher (or Saint Kitts). From 1882 to 1951, and again from 1980, the colony was known simply as Saint Christopher and Nevis. It gained independence in 1983 as the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

History

The islands of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been British colonies since the 17th century, though were always administered separately. A union of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been proposed as early as 1867, when Captain James George Mackenzie was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Saint Christopher with a mandate to seek an amalgamation of the administrations of the two islands. This proposal met with strong opposition, however, and was withdrawn the following year.^[1] In 1871, Saint Christopher and Nevis became presidencies within the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands, with Anguilla being attached to Saint Christopher as a dependency in the same year. However, in 1882, the legislature of the Leeward Islands passed legislation merging the two presidencies, forming a combined Presidency of Saint Christopher and Nevis.^[2]

In 1951, the name of the colony was changed to include Anguilla. The Leeward Islands Colony was disbanded in 1958, due to frequent tension between its members. From 1958 to 1962, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla formed a province of the West Indies Federation, electing two members to the House of Representatives and also having two senators, appointed by the governor-general.^[3] In 1967, the territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was granted full internal autonomy, as an Associated State of the United Kingdom. The UK retained responsibility for defence and external affairs, while a new judicial system was established, the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court (although the Privy Council remained the highest court of appeal). Later in 1967, Anguilla's leaders expelled the federation's police from the island, and declared its independence as the Republic of Anguilla. A series of interim agreements followed that resulted in direct rule of the island from Britain, although it was not formally separated until December 1980, when it was made a separate Crown colony.^[4]^[5]

Nevis had also attempted to separate from the federation on several occasions, but the island's leaders were unsuccessful in their efforts. However, they did manage to secure greater autonomy for Nevis in the years leading up to independence, which occurred in September 1983 after a delay of several years to allow for negotiations.^[6] Sir Frederick Albert Phillips, the first governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, wrote in 2013:^[2]

Politics

List of administrators

From 1882 to 1958, the federation's administrator was under the wider jurisdiction of the Governor of the Leeward Islands. From 1958 to 1962, the administrator was responsible to the Governor-General of the West Indies Federation.^[7]

List of heads of government

Sport and culture

References

1. ^{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Sir Fred|authorlink=Frederick Albert Phillips|date=2013 |title= Commonwealth Caribbean Constitutional Law |url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=dx-PAgAAQBAJ| pages=126–127}}
2. ^¹Phillips, p. 129
3. ^West Indies Federation – Caribbean Elections. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
4. ^{{cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |date=2013 |title= The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems |url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=jfrWCQAAQBAJ| pages=656–657}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Hubbard|first1=Vincent|title=A History of St. Kitts|date=2002|publisher=Macmillan Caribbean|isbn=9780333747605|pages=147–149}}
6. ^Phillips, pp. 131–133
7. ^Saint Kitts and Nevis – Rulers.org. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
8. ^"Saint Kitts and Nevis - List of International Matches" – RSSSF. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
9. ^[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/3/3278/Other_Matches.html Other matches played by St Kitts and Nevis] – CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
10. ^Glenn Osborne competed in the 100 metres, running the slowest time in any of the seven heats, Ezzard Wilson competed in the 800 metres, and Vincent Benjamin and Cedric Maynard competing in various cycling events. "Medals won by St. Kitts & Nevis", 1978 Commonwealth Games {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215184607/http://www.thecgf.com/games/games_index.asp |date=15 February 2013 }} – The Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 25 April 2016.