| 词条 | Jerusalem riots of 66 |
| 释义 |
|title= Jerusalem riots of 66 |map= |location= Jerusalem, Roman Judea |target= Jewish residents of Jerusalem |date= 66 CE |time= |timezone= |type= Mass executions |fatalities=6,000 Jews and many Romans and Greeks |injuries= |perps= Roman governor Gessius Florus |motive= Religious and nationalistic tensions }}{{Campaignbox First Jewish-Roman War}} Jerusalem riots of 66 refer to the massive unrest in the center of Roman Judea, which became the catalyst of the Great Revolt in Judea. TimelineAccording to Josephus, the violence of the year 66 initially began at Caesarea, provoked by Greeks of a certain merchant house sacrificing birds in front of a local synagogue.[1] The Roman garrison did not intervene there and thus the long-standing Hellenistic and Jewish religious tensions took a downward spiral. In reaction, one of the Jewish Temple clerks Eleazar ben Hanania ceased prayers and sacrifices for the Roman emperor at the Temple. Protests over taxation joined the list of grievances and random attacks on Roman citizens and perceived 'traitors' occurred in Jerusalem.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} Tension reached a breaking point when Roman governor Gessius Florus sent Roman troops to remove seventeen talents from the Temple treasury, claiming the money was for unpaid taxes.[2] In response to this action, the city of Jerusalem fell into unrest and some of the Jewish population began to openly mock Florus by passing a basket around to collect money as if Florus was poor.[3] Rioters even attacked a garrison, killing the soldiers. Even the ensuing intervention of the Syrian governor, who discovered he could not help.[4] Florus reacted to the unrest by sending soldiers into Jerusalem the next day to raid the city and arrest a number of the city leaders, who were later whipped and crucified, despite many of them being Roman citizens.[5] AftermathShortly, outraged Judean nationalist factions took up arms and the Roman military garrison of Jerusalem was quickly overrun by rebels. In September 66, the Romans in Jerusalem surrendered and were lynched. Meanwhile, the Greek inhabitants of the capital of Judaea, Caesarea, attacked their Jewish neighbors; the Jews replied in kind, expelling many Greeks from Judaea, Galilee and the Golan heights. Fearing the worst, the pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to Galilee. Judean militias later moved upon Roman citizens of Judaea and pro-Roman officials, cleansing the country of any Roman symbols. See also
References1. ^Josephus, War of the Jews II.14.5 {{Ancient Roman Wars|state=collapsed}}2. ^Cohen, Shaye J. D. "Roman Domination: The Jewish Revolt and the Destruction of the Second Temple." In Ancient Israel: From Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple, edited by Hershel Shanks, 277. Washington DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 2010. 3. ^Josephus, The Wars of the Jews, Book 2, Chapter 14, Section 6 4. ^Cohen, “Roman Domination,” 277 5. ^Cohen, “Roman Domination,” 288-289 6 : Ancient history of Jerusalem|66|60s in the Roman Empire|Massacres in Asia|60s conflicts|First Jewish–Roman War |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。