| 词条 | Jessica Meir |
| 释义 |
| name = Jessica Meir | image = Jessica U. Meir portrait.jpg | type = NASA Astronaut | status = Active | nationality = American/Swedish | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|7|1}} | birth_place = Caribou, Maine, U.S. | occupation = Professor | selection = 2013 NASA Group | alma_mater = Scripps Institution of Oceanography {{nowrap|International Space University}} Brown University | mission = | insignia = }}Jessica Ulrika Meir (born July 1, 1977) is Assistant Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, following postdoctoral research in comparative physiology at the University of British Columbia.[1][2] She has studied the diving physiology and behavior of emperor penguins in Antarctica,[3] and the physiology of bar-headed geese, which are able to migrate over the Himalayas.[4] In 2000, Meir graduated with a Master of Space Studies from the International Space University in Strasbourg, France. In September 2002, Meir served as an aquanaut on the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations 4 (NEEMO 4) crew.[5] In June 2013 she was named an astronaut candidate by NASA, becoming one of the eight members of NASA Astronaut Group 21.[2] She is from Caribou, Maine.[2] Comparative physiology researchMeir earned a Ph.D. from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Her Ph.D. research involved the diving physiology of emperor penguins and northern elephant seals.[6][7] Meir spent time in Antarctica at a site called Penguin Ranch furthering her research into the diving abilities of the emperor penguin, scuba diving alongside the penguins under the ice.[7] She also studied elephant seals while they were diving in the Pacific Ocean off Northern California.[7] Meir's current research involves bar-headed geese, which are able to tolerate extreme altitudes and low oxygen levels while flying over the Himalayas.[4][7] NASA careerMeir worked for three years at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas.[8] She worked for Lockheed Martin Space Operations as an experiment support scientist for the Human Research Facility at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). Meir coordinated and supported human space life science experiments that were performed by astronauts on space shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) missions. These experiments included physiological studies (bone loss, muscle control/atrophy, lung function, etc.) to determine if any bodily processes were altered in the spaceflight environment. Meir guided these experiments through the necessary review cycles, developed procedures that the astronauts would use on-orbit, trained crew members, and provided ground support in the Mission Control Center while the astronauts were performing the experiments on the shuttle or ISS.[9] As the daughter of immigrant parents (her mother is Swedish and her late father was an Iraqi-Israeli physician) growing up in remote Caribou, Maine, Meir didn’t know anybody who worked for NASA or for the space program in any way. She attributes her abiding dream of personally participating in space exploration to the love of nature she learned from her mother, and from her father’s predilection for wandering and adventure. “And it might have had something to do with the fact that the stars shone so brightly in rural Maine,” Meir added. Meir attended space camp in her youth, and flew in NASA’s famous zero-gravity simulator “Vomit Comet” while a Brown University undergraduate student. She later worked for Lockheed Martin’s Human Research Facility at the NASA Johnson Space Center, supporting human physiology research on the space shuttle and ISS. She also participated in research flights on NASA’s reduced gravity aircraft, and served as an aquanaut crew member in the Aquarius underwater habitat for the 4th NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) mission, before completing her doctorate in marine biology (diving physiology) from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California San Diego). In September 2002, Meir served as an aquanaut on the joint NASA-NOAA NEEMO 4 expedition (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations), an exploration research mission held in Aquarius, an undersea research laboratory four miles off shore from Key Largo. Meir and her crewmates spent five days saturation diving from the Aquarius habitat as a space analogue for working and training under extreme environmental conditions. The mission was delayed due to Hurricane Isadore, forcing National Undersea Research Center managers to shorten it to an underwater duration of five days. Then, three days into their underwater mission, the crew members were told that Tropical Storm Lili was headed in their direction and to prepare for an early departure from Aquarius. Fortunately, Lili degenerated to the point where it was no longer a threat, so the crew was able to remain the full five days.[5][10] At the time of NEEMO 4, Meir was leaning toward pursuing a PhD in a field related to evolutionary biology and/or life in extreme environments (astrobiology). She was also fascinated by marine biology (which suited the NEEMO mission well), and hoped to coordinate a specific topic of study to combine these main interests.[9] She received her PhD in marine biology from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, studying diving physiology, in 2009.[11] She continues to study the physiology of animals in extreme environments.[11] In 2009, Meir was a semi-finalist for selection as a member of NASA Astronaut Group 20.[12] For the following selection, on June 17, 2013, Meir was named as a candidate for astronaut training by NASA, becoming one of the eight members of NASA Astronaut Group 21.[2] She completed training in July 2015.[13] Meir is a member of the science advisory board of Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation.[14] AwardsMeir has received numerous awards including:
References{{Include-NASA}}1. ^{{cite web|url=http://jap.physiology.org/content/early/2011/07/01/japplphysiol.00821.2011.abstract#aff-2|title=Point: Counterpoint "High Altitude is / is not for the Birds!"|last1=Scott|first1=Graham R.|last2=Meir|first2=Jessica Ulrika|last3=Hawkes|first3=Lucy A.|last4=Frappell|first4=Peter B.|last5=Milsom|first5=William K.|last6=Llanos|first6=Anibal J.|last7=Ebensperger|first7=German|last8=Herrera|first8=Emilio A.|last9=Reyes|first9=Roberto Victor|last10=Moraga|first10=Fernando A.|last11=Parer|first11=Julian T.|last12=Giussani|first12=Dino A.|date=July 1, 2011|publisher=American Physiological Society|accessdate=November 21, 2011}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/2013astroclass.html|title=2013 Astronaut Class|author=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|publisher=NASA|accessdate=June 19, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621011402/http://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/2013astroclass.html|archivedate=June 21, 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110512083139.htm|title=Penguins continue diving long after muscles run out of oxygen|date=May 12, 2011|last=Knight|first=Kathryn|publisher=ScienceDaily LLC|accessdate=November 17, 2011}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2011/04/15/skys-no-limit-in-high-flying-goose-chase|title=Sky's No Limit in High-Flying Goose Chase|last=Arnold|first=Carrie|date=April 15, 2011|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|accessdate=December 10, 2012}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/mission/miss.cfm?mis_index=213|title=Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment|accessdate=November 16, 2011|publisher=NASA|date=April 21, 2011|author=NASA|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322172426/http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/mission/miss.cfm?mis_index=213|archivedate=March 22, 2012|df=}} 6. ^{{cite journal|title=What triggers the aerobic dive limit? Patterns of muscle oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins|journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology|date=June 1, 2011|volume=214|pages=1802–1812|doi=10.1242/jeb.052233|url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/11/1802.abstract|pmid=21562166|pmc=3092726 | last1 = Williams | first1 = CL | last2 = Meir | first2 = JU | last3 = Ponganis | first3 = PJ}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/2011/04/secrets-of-the-world%E2%80%99s-extreme-divers/|title=Secrets of the world's extreme divers|last=Kwok|first=Roberta|date=April 24, 2011|publisher=Science News for Kids|accessdate=November 19, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://womeninantarctica.com/portraits/jessica.html|title=Women Working in Antarctica|last=Price|first=Mary Lynn|publisher=Mary Lynn Price|accessdate=November 19, 2011}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/people/bios/space/meir.html|title=:: NASA Quest > Space :: Meet Jessica Meir|accessdate=November 19, 2011|last=Meir|first=Jessica|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016003625/http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/people/bios/space/meir.html|archivedate=October 16, 2011|df=}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/history.html|title=NEEMO History|accessdate=November 16, 2011|publisher=NASA|date=March 21, 2006|author=NASA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008171834/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/history.html|archivedate=October 8, 2006}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/meir-ju.html|title=NASA Candidate Biography|accessdate=18 February 2014|date=December 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/candidates/nasa20/english/meir_jessica.htm |title=Biographies of Astronaut and Cosmonaut Candidates: Jessica Meir |date=March 27, 2010 |publisher=Spacefacts |accessdate=November 20, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227090109/http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/candidates/nasa20/english/meir_jessica.htm |archivedate=February 27, 2014 |df= }} 13. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-newest-astronauts-complete-training|title = NASA's Newest Astronauts Complete Training|date = 9 July 2015|accessdate = |website = |publisher = NASA|last = |first = }} 14. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/science/extreme-trekkers-citizen-scientists/article2036774/|title=Extreme trekkers, citizen scientists|last=D'Aliesio|first=Renata|date=May 26, 2011|journal=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=December 10, 2012}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index.html|title=Johnson Space Center Home|last=Roberts|first=Jason|date=2015-02-11|access-date=2016-07-01}} External links{{Commons category}}
21 : 1977 births|Living people|American aviators|American explorers|American marine biologists|American people of Israeli descent|American people of Swedish descent|American underwater divers|Aquanauts|Brown University alumni|Explorers of Antarctica|Female explorers|Harvard Medical School faculty|International Space University alumni|NASA people|People from Caribou, Maine|People from Somerville, Massachusetts|Scripps Institution of Oceanography alumni|University of British Columbia|Women physiologists|American astronauts |
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