“Jessica Mydek hoax letter”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Jessica Mydek hoax was a popular chain letter, circulated by hoaxsters, to play on the sympathy of credulous readers, and get them to respond, so as to build a sucker list.^[1]

The hoax

The letter represented itself as a letter from a 7-year-old girl with terminal brain cancer.

She requested the email be forwarded to the recipients' email contacts, with a carbon copy to an email address the letter represented as that of the American Cancer Society.

The American Cancer Society denied involvement in the campaign and determined there was no such child.^[3]^[4]

The letter promised readers that the American Cancer Society had corporate donors who would donate three cents for every carbon copy of the campaign letter forwarded to a new person.^[5]

Impact

According to Theresa Heyd, author of Email Hoaxes: Form, Function, Genre Ecology, the Mydek hoax letter had the three classic elements scholars recognize in a sympathy hoax letter: the "hook", the "threat", and the "request".^[1] Heyd points out that the name "Jessica Mydek", when read aloud, is a "rude onomastic pun"—another marker of hoax letters.

Heyd asserts that the Mydek letter is the first instance of an email hoax to request those forwarding it to also forward a copy to a specific email address—enabling the hoaxer to engage in email address harvesting of the contacts of those who fall for the hoax.

This hoax was also used as an example of a typical cancer victim hoax in several computer security textbooks.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Samantha Miller, author of E-Mail Etiquette: Do's, Don'ts and Disaster Tales from People Magazine's Internet, called Jessica Mydek hoax letters "a classic of the genre".^[10]

References

1. ^¹{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jUTkPqhvd-wC&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=%22Jessica+mydek%22+hoax&source=bl&ots=7onFnvWR_T&sig=o26cZH2sKnHYmq-jZXlMSndHwhs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7ZG2UaHYEompqgHHjoG4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cancer&f=false| title = Email Hoaxes: Form, Function, Genre Ecology| publisher = John Benjamins Publishing| author = Theresa Heyd| year = 2008| pages = 34, 40, 62, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 95, 96, 179, | isbn = 9789027254184| accessdate = 2013-06-10| quote = }}
2. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/14/business/chain-e-mail-heart-rending-pleas-are-sometimes-counterfeit.html |title = Chain E-Mail: Heart-Rending Pleas Are Sometimes Counterfeit |publisher = New York Times |date = 1997-07-14 |author = Ivar Peterson |accessdate = 2010-08-27 |quote = It seemed like such a heartfelt appeal: Jessica Mydek, only 7 years old and dying of cancer, sending out an electronic-mail message urging readers to live their lives more fully and, by the way, to pass her letter on to as many other E-mail recipients as possible, so that the American Cancer Society and several corporate sponsors would each contribute 3 cents toward cancer research for every message forwarded. |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F07%2F14%2Fbusiness%2Fchain-e-mail-heart-rending-pleas-are-sometimes-counterfeit.html&date=2012-04-11 |archivedate = 2012-04-11 |df = }}
3. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2001/feb/15/voluntarysector1 |title = Caught up in chain mail |publisher = The Guardian |date = 2001-02-01 |accessdate = 2010-08-27 |quote = |archivedate = 2012-04-11 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fsociety%2F2001%2Ffeb%2F15%2Fvoluntarysector1&date=2012-04-11 |deadurl = no |df = }}
4. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.consumerfraudreporting.org/emailhoaxesjessica.php |title = Jessica Mydek or Jean Ann Linney Cancer Email Hoax |publisher = Consumer fraud reporting |date = |author = |accessdate = 2010-08-27 |quote = |archivedate = 2012-04-11 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumerfraudreporting.org%2Femailhoaxesjessica.php&date=2012-04-11 |deadurl = no |df = }} mirror]
5. ^{{cite news| url =http://www.ou.edu/oupd/acsmidek.htm| title =Fraudulent Chain Letter This statement may be copied or reprinted by online users.| publisher =American Cancer Society| author =| date =| page =| location =| isbn =| accessdate =2013-06-12| archivedate =2013-06-12| archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.edu%2Foupd%2Facsmidek.htm&date=2013-06-12| deadurl =yes| quote =The American Cancer Society is greatly disturbed by reports of a fraudulent chain letter circulating on the internet which lists the American Cancer Society as a "corporate sponsor" but which has in no way been endorsed by the American Cancer Society.| df =}}
6. ^{{cite news | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=j39uAvxv6IMC&pg=PA694&dq=%22Jessica+mydek%22+hoax&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2nS4UdLTOeiZyAHkkoCADA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Jessica%20mydek%22%20hoax&f=false| title = Elementary Information Security| publisher = Jones & Bartlett Publishers| author = Richard E. Smith| year = 2011| page = 153| location = | isbn = 9781449681913| accessdate = 2013-06-12| quote = A common type of chain email claims to promote some charitable activity by generating lots of email traffic. These are almost always bogus; no well-known charity has ever intentionally promoted such an activity. In particular, numerous chain emails have claimed that each email sent will yield a donation for cancer research, or specifically, to the American Cancer Society.}}
7. ^{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I_YvJYQn-8wC&q=%22Jessica+mydek%22+hoax&dq=%22Jessica+mydek%22+hoax&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2nS4UdLTOeiZyAHkkoCADA&redir_esc=y| title = International Marketing: A Guidebook to the Web| publisher = McGraw-Hill Higher Education| author = Robert Harris| year = 2000| page = | location = | isbn = 9780072408492| accessdate = 2013-05|trans-title=| quote = }}
8. ^{{cite news | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TltFOFTPQCgC&pg=PA82&dq=%22Jessica+mydek%22+hoax&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2nS4UdLTOeiZyAHkkoCADA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Jessica%20mydek%22%20hoax&f=false| title = Cyberliteracy: Navigating the Internet with Awareness| publisher = Yale University Press| author = Laura J. Gurak| year = 2001| page = 82| location = | isbn = 9780300130720| accessdate = 2013-06-12| quote = Hoaxes asking you to send a card to a dying child or to save box tops from cereal so that a family won't starve are popular.}}
9. ^{{cite news | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uS3p9iDooc8C&pg=PA98&dq=%22Jessica+mydek%22+hoax&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2nS4UdLTOeiZyAHkkoCADA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Jessica%20mydek%22%20hoax&f=false| title = Web of Deception: Misinformation on the Internet| publisher = Information Today| author = Anne P. Mintz| year = 2002| page = 98| location = | isbn = 9780910965606| accessdate = 2013-06-12| quote = They report that "one frequent message says the American Red Cross will donate three cents to cancer research as part of 7-year-old cancer patient Jessica Mydek's dying wish. Another says the Make-A-Wish Foundation will pay seven cents towards the hospital bills of 7-year-old Amy Bruce, who it says is suffering from lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke and a large brain tumor caused by repeated beatings. Another making the rounds says BCC Software will donate five cents to help with 7-year-old Kalin Relek's operations for internal bleeding after he was struck by a car. But it seems none of these 7-year-olds exists." }}
10. ^{{cite news | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cGea_RA9EIAC&pg=PT139&dq=%22Jessica+mydek%22+hoax&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2nS4UdLTOeiZyAHkkoCADA&redir_esc=y| title = E-Mail Etiquette: Do's, Don'ts and Disaster Tales from People Magazine's Internet | publisher = Hachette Digital| author = Samantha Miller| year = 2001| page = | location = | isbn = 9780759526396| accessdate = 2013-06-12| quote = The tearjerkers of the e-mail hoax world. A small child is desperately ill--sometimes the e-mail purportedly comes from the kid himself--and wants to be immortalized in a chain letter. (Some legacy) Or, often, the e-mail claims that forwarding it will caus a donation to be made towards the kid's treatment or research.}}