| 词条 | Jest book |
| 释义 |
OriginsThe oldest surviving collection of jokes is the Byzantine Philogelos from the first millennium.[2] In Western Europe, the medieval fabliau[3] and the Arab/Italian novella[4] built up a large body of humorous tales; but it was only with the Facetiae of Poggio (1451) that the anecdote first appears rendered down into joke form (with prominent punchline) in an early modern collection.[5] Like his immediate successors Heinrich Bebel and Girolamo Morlini, Poggio translated his folk material from their original language into Latin, the universal European language of the time.[6] From such universal collections, developed the particular vernacular jestbooks of the various European countries in the sixteenth century.[7] Elizabethan jestbooksCharacteristicsTudor and Stuart jest books were typically anonymous collections of individual jests in English,[8] a mix of verse and prose perhaps more comparable to the latter-day magazine than to a normal book.[9] Some, however (following a German model), did attempt to link their jokes into a picaresque sort of narrative around one, often roguish hero, as with Richard Tarlton.[10] Jest books took a generally mocking tone,[11] with civility, and social superiors like the 'stupid scholar' as favourite targets.[12] InfluenceThe low-life, realistic tone of the jest book, akin to coney-catching pamphlets, fed into the early English novels (or at least prose fiction) of writers like Thomas Nashe and Thomas Deloney.[13] Jestbooks also contributed to popular stage entertainment, through such dramatists as Marlowe and Shakespeare.[14] Playbooks and jestbooks were treated as forms of light entertainment, with jokes from the one being recycled in the other, and vice versa.[15] DeclineAdvances in printing meant that quantitatively jestbooks reached their greatest circulation in the 17th and 18th centuries; but qualitatively their contents was increasingly either a repetition of earlier publications or an artificial imitation of what had in the Elizabethan jest book been a genuine folk content.[16] Bowdlerisation in the 19th century completed the fall of the English-language jest book from Elizabethan vitality to subsequent triviality.[17]Parallel traditions
See also{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|Robert ArminSalcia LandmannShakespeare's Jest Book}} References1. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 27 2. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 25 3. ^B. Ford ed., The Age of Shakespeare (1973) p. 126 4. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 26 5. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 37 6. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 25 7. ^Jest books 8. ^Linda Woodbridge, Vagrancy, Homelessness and English Renaissance Literature (2001) p. 291 9. ^B. Ford ed., The Age of Shakespeare (1973) p. 126 10. ^Linda Woodbridge, Vagrancy, Homelessness and English Renaissance Literature (2001) p. 293 11. ^B. Ford ed., The Age of Shakespeare (1973) p. 72 12. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 77 13. ^B. Ford ed., The Age of Shakespeare (1973) p. 73 and p. 126 14. ^B. Ford ed., The Age of Shakespeare (1973) p. 57 15. ^M. Straznicky, The Book of the Play (2006) p. 39 and p. 58 16. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 27 17. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 28 18. ^Jest books 19. ^G. Legman, Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol 1 p. 28 and p. 46 20. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=n_M8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA243&lpg=PA243&dq=jestbooks+germany&source=bl&ots=ZzbARyuo4Y&sig=F8DuGW36q1nMokOSGESYodwJhoE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cMA-UsD2KPTu0gX37IHoAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=jestbooks%20germany&f=false Jest books] 21. ^F. Shuffleton, A Mixed Race (1993) p. 163 Further reading
External links
3 : Fiction forms|Humour|Jokes |
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