“Jewish Socialist Workers Party”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Jewish Socialist Workers Party ({{lang-ru|Социалистическая еврейская рабочая партия}}, 'SERP', which means 'sickle' in Russian), often nicknamed Seymists, was a Jewish socialist political party in the Russian Empire. The party was founded in April 1906, emerging out of the Vozrozhdenie (Renaissance) circles. The Vozrozhdenie was a non-Marxist tendency which was led by the nonmarxist thinker and politician Chaim Zhitlowsky. Zhitlowsky became the theoretician of the new party that advocated with the same emphasis Jewish self-reliance and socialism.^[1] Leaders of the party included Avrom Rozin (Ben-Adir), N. Shits, Dr. M. Zilberfarb and Mark Ratner. The party was close to the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR).^[2]

The party favored the idea of a Jewish National Assembly (a Seym). It envisaged a federation of nationalities in Russia, each led by an elected body of representatives with political powers inside their community. At a later stage, the Jews would seek territorial concentration.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

The party actively supported Yiddish language and culture.^[7] The party published the Yiddish-language newspaper Folks-shtime ('People's Voice') from Kiev and Vilna.^[8]^[9] The party also published the organ Vozrozhdenie.^[10]

During the 1906 period, the party had 3,000 of its cadres organized in paramilitary self-defense units. However, about 400 of them were killed or wounded in fighting and 1,000 arrested.^[11]

In 1907 a formal alliance between SERP and the PSR was signed, making SERP a sub-section of the PSR. The alliance was however mainly the product of the relations between Zhitlowsky and Mark Ratner, and did not have full support from the SERP grassroots. Many local SERP branches wanted unity with the Marxist groups rather than the PSR. Through the link-up with PSR, SERP was included in the Second International. Just after the deal with PSR, SERP gained a consultative vote at the 1907 Stuttgart congress of the International.^[12]^[13]

In 1911 SERP, Zionist Socialist Workers Party and Poalei Zion signed a joint appeal to the International Socialist Bureau, asking the International to recognize the national character of the Jewish people.^[13]

In 1917 the party merged with the Zionist Socialist Workers Party, forming the United Jewish Socialist Workers Party.^[14]

References

1. ^Patkin, A. L. The Origins of the Russian-Jewish Labour Movement, Melbourne and London 1947, pp. 153 ff
2. ^¹Pinkus, Benjamin. [https://books.google.com/books?id=52Ew77pZsNUC The Jews of the Soviet Union: the history of a national minority. (Soviet and East European Studies)]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; p. 44
3. ^Borochov, Ber, and Mitchell Cohen. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JswkC1HQ6cIC Class Struggle and the Jewish Nation: selected essays in Marxist Zionism]. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1984. p. 11
4. ^Ėstraĭkh, G. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oVQKYbTFpPsC In Harness: Yiddish writers' romance with Communism; Judaic traditions in literature, music, and art.] Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2005. p. 30
5. ^Frankel, Jonathan. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ycwctuCSpQC Prophecy and Politics: Socialism, Nationalism, and the Russian Jews, 1862-1917]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. p. 155
6. ^http://www.marx2mao.com/Lenin/CRNQ13.html
7. ^Ėstraĭkh, G. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oVQKYbTFpPsC In Harness: Yiddish writers' romance with Communism; Judaic traditions in literature, music, and art.] Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2005. p. 11
8. ^Ėstraĭkh, G. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oVQKYbTFpPsC In Harness: Yiddish Writers' Romance with Communism. Judaic traditions in literature, music, and art.] Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2005. p. 13
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yivoinstitute.org/pdf/newspapers_periodicals.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-11-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212222942/http://www.yivoinstitute.org/pdf/newspapers_periodicals.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-12 |df= }}
10. ^Avrich, Paul. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8z8mdUYp-6gC Anarchist Voices: an oral history of Anarchism in America]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995; p. 387
11. ^Frankel, Jonathan. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ycwctuCSpQC Prophecy and Politics: Socialism, Nationalism, and the Russian Jews, 1862-1917]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. p. 154
12. ^Frankel, Jonathan. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ycwctuCSpQC Prophecy and Politics: Socialism, Nationalism, and the Russian Jews, 1862-1917]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. p. 283
13. ^¹Jacobs, Jack Lester. Jewish Politics in Eastern Europe: the Bund at 100. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001; p. 185
14. ^Schatz, Jaff. Jews and the communist movement in interwar Poland. In: Jonathan Frankel. [https://books.google.com/books?id=POkxdm6DoAsC Dark Times, Dire Decisions: Jews and Communism. Studies in Contemporary Jewry.] Oxford University Press US, 2005, p. 79.