词条 | J. Gordon Edwards filmography | ||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
J. Gordon Edwards (1867–1925) was a Canadian American film director, screenwriter, and producer of the silent era. His oeuvre consists of over fifty feature films made between 1914 and 1924.{{efn|In addition to his generally recognized work, the copyright registration for 1915's The Celebrated Scandal states that Edwards "picturized" the film. The American Film Institute's opinion is that Edwards may have worked on an discarded earlier version, but did not contribute to the picture as released.[1]}} He is perhaps best known for directing twenty-four films starring vamp actress Theda Bara—including Cleopatra, her most famous role—{{sfn|Geczy|2013|p=151}} and also the 1921 epic The Queen of Sheba.{{sfn|Solomon|2011|p=30}}{{sfn|Keister|2011|p=91}} Edwards was born in Montreal and educated at a military academy with the expectation that he would pursue a career as a British Army officer. He decided against a life in the military in favor of a future in theater.{{sfn|Ramsaye|1964|p=700}} At the time, the Canadian theater and film industry was limited primarily to repertory theatre, so Edwards became one of many to emigrate to the United States to work in the field.{{sfn|Morris|1992|p=28}} He had a short career as an actor before becoming a stage director. By 1910, he was working for American motion picture producer William Fox, who sent him to Europe to study film production.{{sfn|Ramsaye|1964|p=700}} In 1914, the Balboa Amusement Producing Company produced the drama St. Elmo. Balboa was not a film distributor, and had a standing agreement to sell its films to Fox's Box Office Attractions Company for distribution.{{sfn|Solomon|2011|p=11}}{{sfn|Slide|2001|pp=26–27}} Some modern writers credit this film as Edwards's directorial debut.{{sfn|Keister|2011|p=91}}[2]{{sfn|Goble|1999|p=504}} However, contemporary sources named Bertram Bracken in that role,{{sfn|Justice|Smith|1914|p=28}}[3] as does the American Film Institute.[4] Aubrey Solomon's history of the Fox Film Corporation states Bracken "reportedly" directed.{{sfn|Solomon|2011|p=14}} Regardless of Edwards's role in St. Elmo, he was chosen to direct Life's Shop Window (1914), Box Office Attractions' first film as a production company rather than merely a distributor.{{sfn|Solomon|2011|pp=14, 227}} The following year, the Box Office Attractions name was replaced with the newly incorporated Fox Film Corporation.{{sfn|Slide|2001|pp=26–27}} Edwards remained one of the studio's most important directors and one of William Fox's closest advisers.{{sfn|Solomon|2011|pp=1, 14}} He became known for his epic filmmaking and for a permissive approach to directing his starring cast, an attitude that led Bara's biographer to compare him to Alfred Hitchcock.{{sfn|Golden|1996|p=75}} Often, that cast included Bara, whose films with him include Under Two Flags (1916), the epic historical drama Cleopatra (1917), and A Woman There Was (1919). Despite his influential role in the early days of Fox Films, the financial success of many of his movies, and public recognition of his talent as his director—compared by one contemporary reviewer to D. W. Griffith—Edwards is now mostly forgotten. Nearly all of his work is lost, including all of the titles he was best known for.{{sfn|Solomon|2011|p=1}} Film historian Kevin Brownlow described him as a "lost name of film history".{{sfn|Brownlow|1976|p=35}} FilmographyJ. Gordon Edwards directed all films except where otherwise noted. Balboa Amusement Producing Company (1914)
Box Office Attractions Company (1914)
Fox Film Corporation (1915–24)Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Wenzell|first1=Nicolette|title=1919 movie 'The Lone Star Ranger' shot in Palm Springs |url=http://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2016/04/02/1919-movie-the-lone-star-ranger-palm-springs-william-farnum-louise-lovely/82497110/ |work=The Desert Sun|publisher=Gannett|date=April 3, 2016}} [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]2. ^1 {{cite web |title=Anna Karenina |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17003 |accessdate=2013-12-03}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title=Du Barry |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17079 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Blindness of Devotion |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=13693 |accessdate=2013-12-03}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |title=Camille |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=18209 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Celebrated Scandal |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=16425 |accessdate=2015-08-24}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |title=Cleopatra |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=18094 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |title=A Daughter of the Gods |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=14424 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |title=The She-Devil |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=15167 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |title=Drag Harlan |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=15849 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=St. Elmo |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=16398 |accessdate=2015-03-17}} 12. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Galley Slave |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=16936 |accessdate=2013-12-03}} 13. ^1 {{cite web |title=Her Greatest Love |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=16942 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |title=Heart and Soul |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17044 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 15. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Joyous Troublemaker |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17857 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 16. ^1 {{cite web |title=If I Were King |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=18276 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 17. ^1 {{cite web |title=It Is the Law |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=9981 |accessdate=2015-01-07}} 18. ^1 {{cite web |title=The She-Devil |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=13901 |accessdate=2015-01-06}} 19. ^1 {{cite web |title=Nero |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=10940 |accessdate=2015-01-07}} 20. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Orphan |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17850 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 21. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Queen of Sheba |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=11493 |accessdate=2015-01-07}} 22. ^1 {{cite web |title=A Woman's Resurrection |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17006 |accessdate=2013-12-03}} 23. ^1 {{cite web |title=Salome |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17435 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 24. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Scuttlers |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17927 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 25. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Shepherd King |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=12036 |accessdate=2015-01-07}} 26. ^1 {{cite web |title=Life's Shop Window |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=1803 |accessdate=2013-12-03}} 27. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Song of Hate |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=16607 |accessdate=2013-12-03}} 28. ^1 {{cite web |title=Heart Strings |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=15909 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 29. ^1 {{cite web |title=Tangled Lives |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17798 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 30. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Tiger Woman |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=16030 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 31. ^1 {{cite web |title=Wings of the Morning |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=17553 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 32. ^1 {{cite web |title=Under the Yoke |work=Catalogue of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=15225 |accessdate=2015-01-05}} 33. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Bracken Back with Balboa Co. |journal=Billboard |volume=26 |issue=48 |date=1914-11-28 |page=52}} 34. ^1 {{cite journal |author-last=Bush |author-first=W. Stephen |title=Life's Shop Window |journal=The Moving Picture World |volume=22 |issue=7 |date=1914-11-14 |page=944 |url=https://archive.org/stream/movingpicturewor22newy#page/944/mode/1up/}} 35. ^1 {{cite web |title=St. Elmo [motion picture] |work=American Silent Feature Film Database |publisher=Library of Congress |date=2014-03-31 |accessdate=2015-01-09 |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov:8081/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.9500/default.html}} 36. ^1 {{cite web |editor-last=Bennett |editor-first=Carl |title=Cleopatra |series=Progressive Silent Film List |website=Silent Era |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/C/Cleopatra1917.html |accessdate=2015-01-09}} 37. ^1 {{cite web |editor-last=Bennett |editor-first=Carl |title=The She-Devil |series=Progressive Silent Film List |website=Silent Era |date=2004-10-06 |url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/S/SheDevil1918.html |accessdate=2015-01-07}} 38. ^1 {{cite web |editor-last=Bennett |editor-first=Carl |title=The Queen of Sheba |series=Progressive Silent Film List |website=Silent Era |date=2008-03-21 |url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/Q/QueenOfSheba1921.html |accessdate=2015-01-07}} 39. ^1 {{cite journal |title=More Stars |journal=Variety |volume=36 |issue=6 |date=1914-10-10 |page=22 |url=https://archive.org/stream/variety36-1914-10#page/n72/mode/1up}} }} Bibliography
External links{{commons category|Films by J. Gordon Edwards}}
2 : Director filmographies|J. Gordon Edwards |
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